ISSN: [Shinde * et al.,6(9): September, 2017] Impact Factor: 4.116

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1 IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY MINIATURIZATION OF MICROSTRIP PATCHANTENNA USING INTERCONNECTED HEXAGONAL RINGS OFDOUBLE NEGATIVE MATERIAL STRUCTURE Juhi Shinde *1 & Bimal Gag 2 *1&2 Depatment of Electonics, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science Gwalio, India DOI: /zenodo ABSTRACT In the aeon of nanotechnology, size isconcen. Poposed, the design is focused on miniatuized the size of micopatch patch antenna. In this design, fistly design a micostip patch antenna at esonating fequency GHz. Afte that, the antenna design with the planned Inteconnected hexagonal ings of double negative mateial stuctue, due to this cove of double negative mateial stuctue the antenna is stat esonating at fequency GHz.. Fo designing an antenna at esonating fequency GHz is equied moe space than the design. The esonating fequency deceases when the size of antenna is inceased. The pupose of this design, the size of antenna is constant and still managed to decease the esonant fequency. In the design, the micopatch patch antenna (MPA) is incopoated with the double negative mateial cove which has some special popeties so the antenna is miniatuized the size 60%, etun loss educes 247%, VSWR impoves 41% and adiation efficiency also impoves 36%. The pupose of this wok is to design a compact, impove its etun loss, adiation efficiency and VSWR all simulated esults ae analyzed by using compute simulation technology micowave studio softwae(cst-mws) 2010 KEYWORDS: Double negative mateial (DNG), Nicolson-Ross-Wei(NRW), Micostip Patch Antenna(MPA), Retun loss (RL) I. INTRODUCTION Micostip Pacth Antenna (MPA) is popula antenna due to its low pofile, light weighted and easy to fabicate. MPA consist a vey thin metallic stip (patch) placed on a dielectic substate above a gound plane[1]. Double negative mateial is an atificial mateials (not found in natue) which is fistly theoetically intoduced by Victo Geogievich Veselago [2] in Double negative mateial has unique popeties such as negative values of pemeability and pemittivity [5][8], negative efactive index, backwad wave popagation etc. Due to these popeties, the double negative mateial is used to amelioate the antenna. Double negative mateial is also used in vaious applications othe than the impovements of antenna paametes. CST-MWS 2010 Softwae has been used fo all the simulation and designing. CST Micowave Studio is ultimate softwae to simulate the design, as this softwae is desiable fo a 3D platfom in simulating a full wave simulation. Afte obtaining the S-paametes fom the CST softwae, they wee expoted to Micosoft Excel fo veifying the values of pemeability and pemittivity by utilizing the Nicolson-Ross-Wei (NRW) Appoach. Hence MS Excel Softwae has been used fo veifying the double negative popeties of the planned double negative mateial cove. II. FORMULATION AND DESIGNING The MPA paametes ae calculated by using these fomulae given below [1]: Effective dielectic constant of the dielectic mateial (1) (ε 1) (ε 1) h ε [ W 1/2 eff ] [389]

2 Calculation of width: (2) W ν0 2 2f ε 1 Actual length of patch: (3) ν0 L = - 2 L 2f ε eff Calculation of extention of length: W (ε + 0.3) = h W (εeff ) h eff L h (4) calculation of VSWR (S): S = 1+ Γ 1 Γ (5) Whee, Γ = Reflection coefficient, c = velocity of light,ε=dielectic constant of substate, f= Resonating fequency,εeff= Effective dielectic constant, h = Height of substate,w = Width of patch, L = Length of patch,δl = Effective Length The micopatch patch antenna is fabicated on FR4 (lossy) mateial dielectic constant ε = 4.3 and thickness h = 1.6 mm at 50Ω matching impedance. In the design, the aea of gound and the aea FR-4 lossy mateial is same and it is 80 X 80 mm 2. All paametes of MPA at esonating fequency 3.304GHz ae shown in figue 1 and all paametes ae shown in millimete (mm). Fig.1 Geomety Micostip Patch Antenna The figued MPA is simulated in CST-MWS softwae at the opeating fequency (3.304GHz). The simulation esults of etun loss and adiation efficiency of antenna is shown in figue 2(a)(b). [390]

3 Fig.2(a) Fig 2(b) Fig-2 (a)(b) Simulated esult of Micopatch patch antenna shows etun loss db and adiation efficiency dB III. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE NEGATIVE MATERIAL STRUCTURE Afte designing and analyzing the MPA the poposed Inteconnected hexagonal ings double negative mateial stuctue is designed as shown in below figue 3. [391]

4 Fig -3: Geomety of simulated Inteconnected Hexagonal Rings of double negative mateial This stuctue is then placed between two waveguide pots at left and ight side of the X-axis shows in fig.4, fo calculating S11 and S21 paametes. The signal is excited such that it tavels fom left side to ight side assuming that stuctue is suounded by ai. Hee Y-plane is defined as PEB (Pefect electic bounday) while z-plane is defined as PMB (Pefect magnetic bounday). Pot 1 is defined as negative x-axis while Pot 2 is defined as positive x-axis[14]. Figue 4:- Double negative mateial stuctue placed between the two waveguide pots at the left and ight hand side of x axis The obtained value of S11 and S21 paametes was in complex fom, expot to MS-Excel pogam fo veifying the double-negative popeties of the poposed mateial cove stuctue by using NRW appoach. Fomulae fo detemining the value of pemittivity & pemeability using NRW appoach[9][10] (6) (7) Whee, V2= S21-S11, d = thickness of substate c = velocity of light, ω = fequency in adian, v2 = voltage minima. The values of pemittivity (ε) and pemeability (µ) wee calculated by using above equations 5 and 6. Figue 6 [392]

5 and 7 shows that the planned double negative mateial cove possesses negative values of pemittivity & pemeability at the same esonating fequency. Fig.5 shows pemeability vesus fequency gaph obtained fom Micosoft excel softwae Fig.6 shows pemittivity vesus fequency gaph obtained fom Micosoft excel softwae NRW (Nicolson Ross Wei) method is used fo veifying negative pemeability and pemittivity by using equation 6 and 7 at the same esonant fequency MPA integated with Inteconnected hexagonalings double negative mateial stuctue as shown in fig.7 is simulated using CST softwae. When the MPA is combined with the Inteconnected Hexagonal Rings double negative mateial stuctue it obseved that the esonating fequency is deceased to GHz fom GHz. The esonating fequency deceases when the size of antenna is inceased. The pupose of this design, the size of antenna is constant and still managed to decease the asonant fequency. Fig.7Double negative mateial stuctue supeimposed on micopatch patch antenna [393]

6 Simulated stuctue is shown in fig.7. The MPA is combined with the Inteconnected Hexagonal Rings of double negative mateial stuctue it obseved that the esonating fequency is deceased to GH z fom GHz.This is because of double negative mateial stuctue in othe wods it can be said that the size of MPA is geatly educed o that the same antenna can be used at two diffeent fequencies one with double negative mateial stuctue one without it. Simulation esults of micopatch patch antenna supeimposed by double negative mateial stuctue. Fig.8 (a)(b) shows etun loss of db, adiation efficiency dB and VSWR at fequency of GHz. Fig.8(a) Fig.8(b) Fig.8 (a) (b) Simulated esult of the micopatch patch antenna along withdouble negative mateial cove IV. RESULTS Simulated esults of micopatch patch antenna with and without double negative mateial. Shown in table.1 [394]

7 Paametes Fequency[GHz] Size eduction MPA without double negative mateial Table 1 MPA double negative mateial with Pecentage % % Retun loss[db] % VSWR % Radiation efficiency [db] % V. CONCLUSION The poposed design of double negative mateial stuctue supeimposed at the height of mm fom the gound plane of the micopatch patch antenna. Due to its small size, the antenna have many applications in communication system. Along with these impovements this constuction is simple, impoved antenna can be poduced with little effot at low cost. On the basis of the simulation esults it is obseved that thee is eduction in size of the MPA at the fequency of GHz, etun loss is educed by 247%, VSWR impoved 41% and the size is being educed to 60% by incopoating the poposed double negative mateial stuctue. It is clealy obseved that the etun loss, size, adiation efficiency and VSWR has impoved significantly by incopoating the stuctue satisfies Double Negative popety within the simulated fequency ange. VI. REFERENCES [1] Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theoy and Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2] V. G. Veselago The electodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative value ε and μ Sov. Phys. Uspekekhy.10 (4), , [3] W. L. Stutzman, G. A. Thiele, Antenna Theoy and design, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Ed., New Yok, [4] J. B. Pendy, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, W. J. Stewat, magnetism fom conductos and enhanced nonlinea phenomena IEEE Tans. Mico Tech. vol.47 no.11, pp , Nov [5] D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vie, et al, Composite medium with simultaneously negative pemeability and pemittivity, Phys Rev Lett 84, , May [6] J. B. Pendy, Negative efaction males a pefect lens, Phys Rev Lett, 85, , [7] David M. Poza, Micowave Engineeing, 3d Edition, John Wiley & Sons, [8] Nada Engheta, Richad W. Ziolkowski, Metamateial Physics & Engineeing Exploations, July 11, [9] Ahmad A. Sulaiman, Ahmad S. Nasauddin, Bandwidth Enhancement in patch antenna by metamateial substate, Euopean Jounal of scientific eseach, [10] Huda A. Mazid, Mohammad Kamal A. Rahim, Thelasa Masi, Left-handed metamateial design fo micostip antenna application, IEEE Intenational RF and Micowave confeence, [11] G. Lovat, P. Bughignoli, F. Capolino, and D. [12] R. Jackson, R. W. Ziolkowski, Combinations of low/high pemittivity and/o pemeability substates fo highly diective plana metamateial antennas, IET Micow. Antennas Popag. 1,177 (2007). [13] S. Pyo, S. M. Han, J. W. Baik, W. S. Yoon, and Y. -S. Kim, Offset-fed metamateial antenna fo adiation mode geneation with efficiency impovement, IET Micow. Antennas Popag. 4, 1481 (2010). [14] H. A. Majid, M. K. A. Rahim and T. Masi, Micostip Antenna gain enhancement using left-handed metamateial stuctue, pogess in Electomagnetic Reseach M. Vol.8, , [15] Ranjit Vama, S.K.Shama, Bibal Singh, Impovement in micopatch patch antenna paametes using Metamateial with Active Devices IEEE.(2014) [395]

8 [16] P. K. Singhal, Bimal Gag, Nitin Agawal A High Gain Micopatch patch antenna Using Diffeent C Pattens Metamateial Design In L-Band, published in Advanced Computational Technique in Electomagnetics July [17] P. K. Singhal, Bimal Gag A High Gain & Wide Band Rectangula Micostip Patch Antenna Loaded With Inteconnected SRR Metamateial stuctue, published in Intenational Jounal of Engineeing and Technology, August [18] P. K. Singhal, Bimal Gag Design and Chaacteization of Compact Micostip Patch Antenna Using Split Ring Shaped Metamateial Stuctue published in intenational jounal of electical and compute engineeing, Vol.2, No.5, Octobe 2012 It will get done by IJESRT Team CITE AN ARTICLE [396]