Introduction to Wireless Networks p. 1 Evolution of Wireless Networks p. 2 Early Mobile Telephony p. 2 Analog Cellular Telephony p.

Transcription

1 Preface p. xv Introduction to Wireless Networks p. 1 Evolution of Wireless Networks p. 2 Early Mobile Telephony p. 2 Analog Cellular Telephony p. 3 Digital Cellular Telephony p. 4 Cordless Phones p. 7 Wireless Data Systems Fixed Wireless Links p. 11 Satellite Communication Systems p. 11 Third Generation Cellular Systems and Beyond p. 12 Challenges p. 12 Wireless Medium Unreliability p. 13 Spectrum Use p. 13 Power Management p. 13 Security p. 14 Location/Routing p. 14 Interfacing with Wired Networks p. 14 Health Concerns p. 14 Overview p. 15 Chapter 2: Wireless Communications Principles and Fundamentals p. 15 Chapter 3: First Generation (1G) Cellular Systems p. 16 Chapter 4: Second Generation (2G) Cellular Systems p. 16 Chapter 5: Third Generation (3G) Cellular Systems p. 17 Chapter 6: Future Trends: Fourth Generation (4G) Systems and Beyond p. 18 Chapter 7: Satellite Networks p. 19 Chapter 8: Fixed Wireless Access Systems p. 19 Chapter 9: Wireless Local Area Networks p. 20 Chapter 10: Wireless ATM and Ad Hoc Routing p. 21 Chapter 11: Personal Area Networks (PANs) p. 21 Chapter 12: Security Issues in Wireless Systems p. 22 Chapter 13: Simulation of Wireless Network Systems p. 22 Chapter 14: Economics of Wireless Networks p. 23 WWW Resources p. 23 References p. 23 Wireless Communications Principles and Fundamentals p. 25 Introduction p. 25 Scope of the Chapter p. 26 The Electromagnetic Spectrum p. 26 Transmission Bands and their Characteristics p. 27 Spectrum Regulation p. 30

2 Wireless Propagation Characteristics and Modeling p. 32 The Physics of Propagation p. 32 Wireless Propagation Modeling p. 36 Bit Error Rate (BER) Modeling of Wireless Channels p. 41 Analog and Digital Data Transmission p. 41 Voice Coding p. 43 Modulation Techniques for Wireless Systems p. 46 Analog Modulation p. 47 Digital Modulation p. 49 Multiple Access for Wireless Systems p. 54 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) p. 55 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) p. 56 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) p. 58 ALOHA-Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) p. 59 Polling Protocols p. 61 Performance Increasing Techniques for Wireless Networks p. 67 Diversity Techniques p. 67 Coding p. 71 Equalization p. 74 Power Control p. 75 Multisubcarrier Modulation p. 76 The Cellular Concept p. 77 Mobility Issues: Location and Handoff p. 80 The Ad Hoc and Semi Ad Hoc Concepts p. 81 Network Topology Determination p. 82 Connectivity Maintenance p. 83 Packet Routing p. 84 The Semi Ad Hoc Concept p. 84 Wireless Services: Circuit and Data (Packet) Mode p. 85 Circuit Switching p. 85 Packet Switching p. 86 Data Delivery Approaches p. 87 Pull and Hybrid Systems p. 88 Push Systems p. 88 The Adaptive Push System p. 89 Overview of Basic Techniques and Interactions Between the Different Network Layers p. 90 Summary p. 92 WWW Resources p. 92 References p. 93 Further Reading p. 94 First Generation (1G) Cellular Systems p. 95

3 Introduction p. 95 Analog Cellular Systems p. 96 Scope of the Chapter p. 97 Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) p. 97 AMPS Frequency Allocations p. 97 AMPS Channels p. 98 Network Operations p. 99 Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) p. 102 NMT Architecture p. 102 NMT Frequency Allocations p. 103 NMT Channels p. 103 Network Operations: Mobility Management p. 104 Network Operations p. 106 NMT Security p. 107 Summary p. 109 WWW Resources p. 109 References p. 109 Second Generation (2G) Cellular Systems p. 111 Introduction p. 111 Scope of the Chapter p. 113 D-AMPS p. 113 Speech Coding p. 114 Radio Transmission Characteristics p. 114 Channels p. 115 IS-136 p. 116 cdmaone (IS-95) p. 117 cdmaone Protocol Architecture p. 117 Network Architecture-Radio Transmission p. 118 Channels p. 118 Network Operations p. 120 GSM p. 121 Network Architecture p. 122 Speech Coding p. 125 Radio Transmission Characteristics p. 125 Channels p. 129 Network Operations p. 129 GSM Authentication and Security p. 132 IS-41 p. 133 Network Architecture p. 133 Inter-system Handoff p. 134 Automatic Roaming p. 135

4 Data Operations p. 136 CDPD p. 136 HCSD p. 138 GPRS p. 138 D-AMPS+ p. 139 cdmatwo (IS-95b) p. 140 TCP/IP on Wireless-Mobile IP p. 140 WAP p. 142 Cordless Telephony (CT) p. 143 Analog CT p. 143 Digital CT p. 144 Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications Standard (DECT) p. 144 The Personal Handyphone System (PHS) p. 147 Summary p. 147 WWW Resources p. 148 References p. 148 Third Generation (3G) Cellular Systems p. 151 Introduction p G Concerns p. 153 Scope of the Chapter p G Spectrum Allocation p. 154 Spectrum Requirements p. 154 Enabling Technologies p. 157 Third Generation Service Classes and Applications p. 158 Third Generation Service Classes p. 159 Third Generation Applications p. 160 Third Generation Standards p. 161 Standardization Activities: IMT-2000 p. 161 Radio Access Standards p. 162 Fixed Network Evolution p. 183 Summary p. 185 WWW Resources p. 186 References p. 186 Further Reading p. 188 Future Trends: Fourth Generation (4G) Systems and Beyond p. 189 Introduction p. 189 Scope of the Chapter p. 190 Design Goals for 4G and Beyond and Related Research Issues p. 190 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) p G Services and Applications p. 195 Challenges: Predicting the Future of Wireless Systems p. 196

5 Scenarios: Visions of the Future p. 197 Trends for Next-generation Wireless Networks p. 197 Scenario 1: Anything Goes p. 198 Scenario 2: Big Brother p. 199 Scenario 3: Pocket Computing p. 200 Summary p. 200 WWW Resources p. 201 References p. 201 Satellite Networks p. 203 Introduction p. 203 Historical Overview p. 203 Satellite Communications Characteristics p. 204 Spectrum Issues p. 205 Applications of Satellite Communications p. 206 Scope of the Chapter p. 207 Satellite Systems p. 207 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) p. 208 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) p. 209 Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) p. 210 Elliptical Orbits p. 212 VSAT Systems p. 213 Examples of Satellite-based Mobile Telephony Systems p. 215 Iridium p. 215 Globalstar p. 220 Satellite-based Internet Access p. 222 Architectures p. 222 Routing Issues p. 224 TCP Enhancements p. 225 Summary p. 226 WWW Resources p. 227 References p. 228 Further Reading p. 228 Fixed Wireless Access Systems p. 229 Wireless Local Loop versus Wired Access p. 229 Wireless Local Loop p. 231 Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS) p. 231 Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) p. 232 Wireless Local Loop Subscriber Terminals (WLL) p. 234 Wireless Local Loop Interfaces to the PSTN p. 234 IEEE Standards p. 235 Summary p. 237

6 References p. 238 Wireless Local Area Networks p. 239 Introduction p. 239 Benefits of Wireless LANs p. 240 Wireless LAN Applications p. 240 Wireless LAN Concerns p. 241 Scope of the Chapter p. 243 Wireless LAN Topologies p. 243 Wireless LAN Requirements p. 245 The Physical Layer p. 247 The Infrared Physical Layer p. 247 Microwave-based Physical Layer Alternatives p. 249 The Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer p. 256 The HIPERLAN 1 MAC Sublayer p. 257 The IEEE MAC Sublayer p. 260 Latest Developments p a p b p g p. 268 Other Ongoing Activities within Working Group p. 268 Summary p. 269 WWW Resources p. 271 References p. 271 Further Reading p. 272 Wireless ATM and Ad Hoc Routing p. 273 Introduction p. 273 ATM p. 273 Wireless ATM p. 275 Scope of the Chapter p. 276 Wireless ATM Architecture p. 276 The Radio Access Layer p. 277 Mobile ATM p. 278 HIPERLAN 2: An ATM Compatible WLAN p. 280 Network Architecture p. 280 The HIPERLAN 2 Protocol Stack p. 281 Routing in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks p. 287 Table-driven Routing Protocols p. 288 On-demand Routing Protocols p. 291 Summary p. 295 WWW Resources p. 296 References p. 296

7 Personal Area Networks (PANs) p. 299 Introduction to PAN Technology and Applications p. 299 Historical Overview p. 299 PAN Concerns p. 301 PAN Applications p. 302 Scope of the Chapter p. 303 Commercial Alternatives: Bluetooth p. 303 The Bluetooth Specification p. 303 The Bluetooth Radio Channel p. 306 Piconets and Scatternets p. 307 Inquiry, Paging and Link Establishment p. 309 Packet Format p. 310 Link Types p. 311 Power Management p. 313 Security p. 314 Commercial Alternatives: HomeRF p. 315 HomeRF Network Topology p. 316 The HomeRF Physical Layer p. 318 The HomeRF MAC Layer p. 318 Summary p. 323 WWW Resources p. 325 References p. 325 Further Reading p. 325 Security Issues in Wireless Systems p. 327 The Need for Wireless Network Security p. 327 Attacks on Wireless Networks p. 328 Security Services p. 330 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) Protocol p. 331 Mobile IP p. 334 Weaknesses in the WEP Scheme p. 335 Virtual Private Network (VPN) p. 336 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) p. 337 Layer-2 Transport Protocol (L2TP) p. 337 Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) p. 338 Summary p. 338 References p. 339 Simulation of Wireless Network Systems p. 341 Basics of Discrete-Event Simulation p. 341 Subsystem Modeling p. 344 Variable and Parameter Estimation p. 344 Selection of a Programming Language/Package p. 344

8 Verification and Validation (V&V;) p. 344 Applications and Experimentation p. 345 Simulation Models p. 346 Common Probability Distributions Used in Simulation p. 348 Random Number Generation p. 351 Linear-Congruential Generators (LCG) p. 351 Midsquare Method p. 352 Tausworthe Method p. 352 Extended Fibonacci Method p. 352 Testing Random Number Generators p. 353 Random Variate Generation p. 354 The Inverse Transformation Technique p. 355 Rejection Method p. 355 Composition Technique p. 356 Convolution Technique p. 356 Characterization Technique p. 357 Case Studies p. 357 Example 1: Performance Evaluation of IEEE WLAN Configurations Using Simulation p. 357 Example 2: Simulation Analysis of the QoS in IEEE WLAN System p. 360 Example 3: Simulation Comparison of the TRAP and RAP Wireless LANs Protocols p. 366 Example 4: Simulation Modeling of Topology Broadcast Based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF) Protocol Using an WLAN-based MONET Model p. 372 Summary p. 378 References p. 378 Economics of Wireless Networks p. 381 Introduction p. 381 Scope of the Chapter p. 382 Economic Benefits of Wireless Networks p. 382 The Changing Economics of the Wireless Industry p. 383 Terminal Manufacturers p. 383 Role of Governments p. 384 Infrastructure Manufacturers p. 385 Mobile Carriers p. 385 Wireless Data Forecast p. 387 Enabling Applications p. 387 Technological Alternatives and their Economics p. 388 Charging Issues p. 388 Mobility Charges p. 389 Roaming Charges p. 391 Billing: Contracts versus Prepaid Time p. 391 Charging p. 393

9 Summary p. 396 References p. 397 Further Reading p. 397 Index p. 399 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.