Antennas and Propagation for RF and Microwave Communications 2-Day Classroom Course

Transcription

1 2019 Course Brochure Antennas and Propagation for RF and Microwave Communications 2-Day Classroom Course COURSE OVERVIEW This 2-day classroom course describes and discusses a range of antenna types used in modern radio frequency (RF), wireless and microwave communications systems. The course begins by defining key antenna parameters, such as directivity, gain and antenna efficiency etc. followed by basic transmission line theory and antenna matching techniques. Included is an overview of electromagnetic propagation from a practical perspective, avoiding complex mathematics that can often overwhelm the subject. The course then reviews and discusses a wide range of individual antennas types, including physical characteristics, key electrical performance parameters and typical applications. Included is a review of key elements of the Control of Electromagnetic Fields at Work (CEMFAW) Regulations, particularly risk assessment and RF radiation exposure and absorption limits. The course is delivered in partnership with leading test and measurement equipment manufacturer Rohde & Schwarz at their UK office in Fleet. A range of antenna measurement demonstrations will be performed during the course based on the particular interests of course participants. Throughout the course, emphasis is placed on practical applications, supported by many photographs and case studies. There will be plenty of opportunities during the course to ask the instructor questions to help clarify understanding and discuss your own antenna integration challenges and applications. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN Understand key antenna parameters and specifications Understand how to correctly match an antenna Know a wide range of antenna types and their typical applications Know how to measure basic antenna characteristics Know how to create an antenna link budget Understand basic electromagnetic propagation phenomena Awareness of key elements of the CEMFAW regulations Page 1 of 10

2 TARGET AUDIENCE RF Design Engineers Wireless Engineers Microwave Engineers RF System Design Engineers Hardware Engineers Applications Engineers This technical course is aimed at individuals who are either directly involved in the specification, design or application of RF, wireless and microwave communications system that need to better understand how to select and apply the most appropriate antenna for a given application. Participants typically include RF, wireless and microwave technicians and engineers, hardware technicians and engineers and RF, wireless and microwave systems technicians and engineers. COURSE CURRICULUM Antenna Parameters Transmission Line Basics Propagation Basics Dipole Antennas and Arrays Antenna Baluns Slot and Patch Antennas Understanding Feed Networks Circularly Polarised Antennas Travelling Wave Antennas Frequency-Independent Antennas Reflector Antennas Electrically Small Antennas Antennas for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Antennas for Base Stations Antenna Matching Techniques Mechanical Design, Materials and Environmental Considerations Antenna Measurements and Facilities Antennas for User Equipments Review of CEMFAW Regulations PREREQUISITES Although there are no formal prerequisites for this course, an ability to absorb and understand technical concepts is essential together with a desire to learn more about the topics covered. A technical background is desirable in order to derive maximum benefit from the course. Those taking the course would normally be qualified to degree-level or have equivalent experience in an engineering, physics or mathematics-related subject. If you are unsure about the technical Page 2 of 10

3 level of the course then either click here to complete the contact form or call our office on +44 (0) WHAT S INCLUDED? Class tuition by industry expert with 50+ years of experience Full-colour printed course notes including all presentation slides Morning and afternoon refreshments and buffet lunches High-quality printed Certificate of Attendance COURSE FEE VAT = 1350 GBP per person COURSE DATES Click here to view the latest scheduled course dates. COURSE LOCATION The course will be held in a modern, well-equipped conference room at Rohde & Schwarz UK. Rohde & Schwarz UK, Ancells Business Park, Fleet, Hampshire, GU51 2UZ, UK COURSE CONTENT Antenna Parameters What is an antenna? Electromagnetic waves Wavelength Polarisation Radiation pattern Directivity Antenna gain Antenna losses Input impedance Radiation resistance Efficiency Effective area Bandwidth Near field / far field Specific absorption rate (SAR) Antenna scalability Transmission Line Basics Ohm s law Characteristic impedance Transmission and reflection of waves Page 3 of 10

4 Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) Return and reflection loss Reflection coefficient Smith chart Reference planes Effect of wide bandwidth Series and parallel components Effects of high VSWR VSWR specifications Propagation Basics The inverse square law Effective area Free space transmission between antennas Path loss exponent Effective radiated power Link budget example Near field/far field Antenna measurements Compact ranges Directivity, gain and efficiency Impedance, return loss and VSWR Dipole Antennas and Arrays Centre-fed dipoles Longer dipoles Fat dipoles Folded dipoles Baluns for dipoles Monopoles Dipole arrays Long endfire arrays Broadside arrays Mutual impedance Unwanted coupling Dipole plus reflector Planar arrays Lindenblad array Turnstile antenna Big arrays Baluns Balanced to unbalanced transformer Page 4 of 10

5 Quarter-wave sleeve balun Pawsey stub Roberts balun Half-wave loop balun Split tube balun Slot and Patch Antennas Slot antennas Wider bandwidth slot Cavity-backed slot Slot arrays Super turnstile Microstrip antennas Patch antennas Stacked patch antennas Patch arrays Antenna Feed Networks Simple power divider Isolated power divider Wilkinson power divider Series-fed arrays Collinear arrays Circularly Polarised Antennas What is polarisation? Linear polarisation Circular polarisation Helical antenna Lindenblad antenna Crossed V-dipole antenna Loop-dipole antenna Single-fed patch antenna Travelling Wave Antennas Beverage antenna Rhombic antenna Yagi-Uda antenna Polyrod antenna Crossed Yagi antenna Axial mode helix antenna Page 5 of 10

6 More Aspects of Propagation Free space propagation Typical UHF/VHF propagation Enhanced propagation Diffraction Knife edge diffraction Path clearance Surface (ground) waves The Ionosphere Ionospheric refraction The solar cycle HF propagation predictions HF antennas Microwave propagation loss Multipath propagation Okumura-Hatta propagation model Delay spread Doppler shift and spread MIMO and multiparty simulations In-building propagation Computing coverage Frequency-Independent Antennas Log-periodic antenna Spiral antenna Fractal antenna Reflector Antennas Simple front-fed paraboloid Aperture efficiency Choose of focal length-diameter ratio Offset paraboloid Cassegrain geometry Gregorian geometry Cylindrical paraboloid Grid paraboloid Feeds Regulations Propagation loss Link antennas TVRO antennas VSAT antennas VSTA hubs Page 6 of 10

7 Trunk satellite hubs Radio telescopes Atacama compact array Arecibo observatory The Square Kilometre array Electrically Small Antennas Why small antennas? Chu-Harrington limit Short monopole Top-loading a monopole Small loop antenna Embedded antennas Planar inverted-f antenna (PIFA) Branched monopole antenna Slots and notches Platform implications of small antennas Design rules for RF platforms Antennas for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Global navigation satellite systems Basics of GNSS GNSS antenna environment Special purpose antennas Antennas and accuracy Position accuracy Dilution of position (DOP) Comparison for geodetic, rover and handheld antennas GNSS antenna examples Antennas for Base Stations Concept of frequency re-use Basic base station antenna parameters Azimuth beamwidth Antenna gain Elevation radiation pattern Feed networks Antenna designs Element types Multi-frequency operation Linearity and passive intermodulation (PIM) Propagation and effects Diversity schemes Page 7 of 10

8 Diversity combining Diversity gain Signal polarisation Polarisation, space and transmit diversity Base station antenna examples 2G, 3G and 4G antennas Antenna Matching Techniques Why is matching necessary? Can any load be matched? Matching rules Distributed or lumped elements? Smooth chart and matching Series and parallel inductors on the Smith chart Series and parallel capacitors on the Smith chart Ladder network Real components Review of Smith chart matching software Mechanical Design, Materials and the Environment Structural materials Conductors Dielectrics Ice and snow effects Anti-icing Wind effects Corrosion effects Ultra-violet effects Radomes Lightning damage and protection Fire risks Antenna Measurements and Facilities Measurement environment Near-field measurements Compact ranges Outdoor ranges Radiation pattern measurement Gain measurement Impedance measurement Antennas for User Equipments Device types Page 8 of 10

9 Design constraints Small antenna specifications Planar inverted-f antennas (PIFAs) Dual band PIFAs Multiband Monopol antennas Small antenna efficiency Simulated radiation patterns Antenna examples SAR considerations Hearing aid compliance (HAC) Industry trends CEMFAW Regulations What has changed Effects of RF fields Employees at risk Practical guide Base station antenna radiation patterns Exposure limit values Health effects Please note that minor changes may be made to course content based on delegate feedback, continuous improvement and technological developments. COURSE INSTRUCTOR The course is presented by antenna industry veteran Professor Brian Collins. Brian received the BSc(Eng) degree in Electrical Engineering in 1962 from University College London (UCL) and is currently celebrating over 50 years in the antenna industry. This includes 25 years as Technical Director of CSA, leading the engineering team on the design, manufacture and installation of antennas for broadcasting, communications and military applications. More recently, Brian moved into technical consultancy, spending 12 years as a successful consultant on antennas, propagation and radio systems. From he was Chief Applications Engineer with Antenova, where he designed antennas for a wide variety of UEs, including handsets, payment terminals and GPS trackers. Brian is a Visiting Professor in the Department of Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary University of London. He is also Chairman of the Antenna Interface Standards Group (AISG), which represents most major world companies manufacturing base-station antennas and tower-mounted amplifiers, as well as major operators and infrastructure vendors. He is a Founder Member of Cambridge Wireless (CW) and is a Champion of the Radio Technology Special Interest Group. He serves as a referee for both the IET and IEEE for the Antennas and Propagation journals of both institutions. He's also a member of UK EPSRC's Peer Review College. Brian holds many patents and several recent applications and has now completed over 100 projects. Page 9 of 10

10 ABOUT US The Technology Academy was established in 2007 as a private UK company specialising in the development and delivery of instructor-led and online RF, wireless, digital TV and broadcast technology training courses to meet the continuing professional development needs of individuals and companies developing innovative technology products and services. All of our courses are taught by leading technical experts drawn from industry and academia with many years of experience in their specialist fields. Courses are delivered throughout the UK, Europe and Rest of the World. We are a training partner of Rohde & Schwarz UK, who support courses by providing the latest test and measurement equipment for practical demonstrations. OUR INSTRUCTORS As experts in their respective fields, our instructors and advisors are carefully selected from leading technology companies and universities for their comprehensive knowledge of the subject matter. In addition to expert subject knowledge, each instructor has demonstrated the ability to translate complex technical theory into practical, understandable and relevant concepts and teach to a professional audience in an effective, lively and enthusiastic manner. All instructors know the subject matter intimately and are able to expand on all course topics as and when required, emphasising key concepts with suitable analogies and practical examples. TERMS & CONDITIONS We encourage you to read our full Terms and Conditions, which cover important issues like payment and cancellation policies. ANY QUESTIONS? Please click here and complete the contact form or call our office on +44 (0) Delivered in partnership with leading test equipment manufacturer Rohde & Schwarz. E&OE. Page 10 of 10