Emerging wideband reconfigurable antenna elements for wireless communication systems
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1 Forum for Electromagnetic Research Methods and Application Technologies (FERMAT) Emerging wideband reconfigurable antenna elements for wireless communication systems LIN Wei Supervisor: Dr. WONG Hang Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong Abstract: This paper introduces a polarization reconfigurable aperture-fed 1 4 patch antenna array. A reconfigurable aperture structure is realized by placing RF switches on four horizontallyaligned cross apertures of a ground plane. Four square radiating patches are excited through these apertures by the 1:4 micro strip feeding lines. To simplify the scheme of DC biases, four copper strips are placed inside each cross aperture. PIN diodes are connected between these strips and ground as RF switches. By controlling these diodes with two DC biases, ± 45⁰ linear polarizations can be switched. The patch array can achieve the maximum broadside gain of 13.5 dbi and the 10 db impedance bandwidth of 9.3% from 2.25 to GHz. The proposed antenna has a stable gain and low cross polarization level across the entire operating bandwidth. Keywords: reconfigurable antennas, aperture-fed patch array, PIN diodes, ± 45⁰ polarizations References: [1] M.A. Kossel, R. Kung, H. Benedickter, W. Biichtokd, An active tagging system using circular-polarization modulation, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 47, no. 12, pp , June, [2] F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, A reconfigurable patch antenna using switchable slots for circular polarization diversity, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 12, No. 3, pp , [3] W. Lin and H. Wong, Polarization reconfigurable wheel-shaped antenna with conical-beam radiation pattern, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 63, no. 2, pp , Feb, [4] W. Lin and H. Wong, Wideband circular polarization reconfigurable antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 63, no. 12, pp , Dec., [5] W. Lin and H. Wong, Polarization Reconfigurable Aperture-Fed Patch Antenna and Array, IEEE Access, April [6] M. S. Nishamol, V. P. Sarin, D. Tony, C. K. Aanandan, P. Mohanan, and K. Vasudevan, An electronically reconfigurable microstrip antenna with switchable slots for polarization diversity, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 9, pp , Sep., 2011.
2 [7] T. Song, Y. Lee, D. Ga and J. Choi, A Polarization Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna using PIN Diodes, Proceedings of APMC 2012, Dec. 4-7, [8] P. Y. Qin, A. R. Weily, Y. J. Guo, and C. H. Liang, Polarization reconfigurable U-Slot patch antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 58, no. 10, pp , Oct., [9] J. S. Row, W. L. Liu, and T. R. Chen, Circular polarization and polarization reconfigurable designs for annular slot antennas, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, no.12, pp , Dec [10] K. Boonying, C. Phongcharoenpanich and S. Kosulvit, Polarization reconfigurable suspended antenna using RF switches and P-I-N diodes, The 4th Joint International Conference on Information and Communication Technology, [11] H. Aïssat, L. Cirio, M. Grzeskowiak, J.M. Laheurte and Odile Picon, Reconfigurable circularly polarized antenna for short-range communication systems, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 6, pp , June, [12] E. Nishiyama, M. Aikawa and S. Sasaki, Polarisation switchable slot-ring array antenna, IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 2, no.3, pp , [13] G. A. Wang, T. Polley, A. Hunt and J. Papapolymerou, A high performance tunable RF MEMS switch using barium strontium titanate (BST) dielectrics for reconfigurable antennas and phased arrays, IEEE Antenna and wireless propag. letters, vol. 4, pp , [14] D. V. Navarro-Méndez, L. F. Carrera-Suárez, M. Baquero-Escudero and H. C. Moy-Li, Reconfigurable array antenna in LTCC technology, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), pp , [15] T. Onishi, M. A. Hossain, E. Nishiyama and I. Toyoda, Linear polarization switchable microstrip array antenna using Magic-T circuit, IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), pp , *This use of this work is restricted solely for academic purposes. The author of this work owns the copyright and no reproduction in any form is permitted without written permission by the author. *
3 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM2016) Emerging wideband reconfigurable antenna elements for wireless communication systems LIN Wei Supervisor: Dr. WONG Hang Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong
4 Outline Introduction to Reconfigurable Antennas Wideband ±45⁰ Polarization Reconfigurable Aperture-Fed Patch Antenna and Array Wideband Circular Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna Conclusion 2
5 Reconfigurable Antennas Adopt RF switches, Varactors, Capacitors and Inductors, etc Enhance the performance of a communication system: multipath interference, channel capacity and polarization coding. 3
6 Applications by polarization reconfigurable antennas Avoid polarization mismatching Apply diversity combining technique Enable polarization coding 4
7 Challenge for reconfigurable antennas: Narrow Bandwidth BW: 1% BW: 4.7% BW: 7% Z. X. Yang, et al., Bandwidth enhancement of a polarization-reconfigurable patch antenna with stairslots on the ground, IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propag. Letters, vol. 13, pp , BW: 3.5% J. S. Row, et al., Circular polarization and polarization reconfigurable designs for annular slot antennas, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, no.12, pp , Dec A. Khidre, et al., Circular polarization reconfigurable wideband E-shaped patch antenna for wireless applications, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no.2, pp , Feb., BW: 1.8% K. Boonying, et al., Polarization reconfigurable suspended antenna using RF switches and P-I-N diodes, The 4th Joint International Conference on Information and Communication Technology, Reconfigurable radiator or feeding network The maximum bandwidth < 10% H. Aïssat, et al., Reconfigurable circularly polarized antenna for shortrange communication systems, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 6, pp , June,
8 Wideband ±45⁰ Linear Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna Idea: To realize a reconfigurable aperture feeding structure for stacked square patches New method, simple, wideband 6
9 Bandwidth comparison between single patch and stacked patches Reflection coefficient Smith Chart m m Single patch: Single loop Stacked patch: Double loop Stacked patches: To introduce an additional resonance to widen the bandwidth to 20% from 2.25 to 2.75 GHz 7
10 Measured results Measured overlapped impedance BW: 21% (0.5 GHz from 2.13 to 2.63 GHz) Gains are stable with the peak value of 7.5 dbi 8
11 Measured radiation patterns + 45 deg polarization - 45 deg polarization Good broadside patterns (2.45 GHz) are obtained Cross polarization level is larger than 10 db 9
12 Linear polarization reconfigurable ±45⁰ wideband Linear Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna is realized Is it possible to expand this design to array? (No array implementation is realized by far) 10
13 Hypothetical implementation of the array Antenna array cannot be implemented by the design with the split ground 11
14 Antenna design with the united ground Only two biases are required in the design with the united ground 12
15 Antenna array design with the united ground Reconfigurable antenna array is realized 13
16 Measured results Impedance bandwidth is 9.3% which can cover the 2.4 GHz WLAN band Peak gain is 13.5 dbi 14
17 Measured results +45 mode -45 mode Good agreement in measured and simulated radiation patterns 15
18 Linear polarization reconfigurable ±45⁰ wideband Linear Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna and array are realized What about wideband Circular Polarization reconfigurable antenna? 16
19 Wideband Circular Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna with Broadside Radiation Pattern In free space W. Lin and H. Wong, Wideband circular polarization reconfigurable antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Accepted, Oct, 2015 Idea: Sequentially-placed monopoles + output phase reconfigurable feeding network Similar to orthogonal dipoles + differential feed Above reflector 17
20 Operating principle Red diodes: ON and Green diodes: OFF Clockwise phase delay Port #3-180 deg Port #2-90 deg Port #4-270 de Output phase reconfigurable feeding network Current distribution within a period Port #1 0 deg Clockwise phase delay: LHCP in broadside Anti-clockwise phase delay: RHCP in broadside 18
21 Diodes implementation Diode characteristics- Bar50-02L from Infineon Technologies CP radiations are switchable by two DC biases 19
22 Fabricated antenna Compact configuration with balun Another substrate below for DC lines 20
23 Measured impedance & AR bandwidth 10-dB impedance bandwidth: 80% from 1 to 2.35 GHz AR bandwidth: LHCP mode (37.8% from 1.5 to 2.2 GHz), RHCP mode (26.9% from 1.45 to 1.9 GHz), Overlapped (23.5% from 1.5 to 1.9 GHz). 21
24 Characteristics of the feeding network Amplitude response Phase response Wideband performance is from the wideband output response of the feeding network 22
25 Measured gain and AR beamwidth Gain: stable with peak value of 4.8 dbic AR Beamwidth: larger than 90 degree 23
26 Measured radiation patterns Radiation pattern: good broadside pattern and stable across the operating bandwidth 24
27 Conclusion Wideband ±45⁰ Linear Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna and array Wideband Circular Polarization reconfigurable antenna Provide new designs for realizing specific reconfigurable radiations Overcome the critical problem of narrow bandwidth in reconfigurable antenna designs 25
28 Thank you! Q&A 26
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