LE/ESSE Payload Design
|
|
- Brian McDonald
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 LE/ESSE Payload Design 4.3 Communications Satellite Payload - Hardware Elements Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond Dr. Jinjun Shan, Professor of Space Engineering Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering Room 255, Petrie Science and Engineering Building Tel: ext jjshan@yorku.ca Homepage:
2 Overview of Communications Satellites - I The design, manufacture, and operation of a communications satellite are no simple matter, complicated by the fact that it must survive the rigors of launch and deployment in orbit, followed by many years of satisfactory operation. It is critical that the payload and the bus work hand in hand to establish a highly efficient radio repeater on a stable space platform. Bus requirements: Dr. Jinjun Shan, Professor of Space Engineering Communications Payload - Hardware 2
3 Overview of Communications Satellites - II The communication payload is the communication equipment carried by the satellite, and principally consists of relay equipment (transponders) and antennas. The important parameters for the communication payload are These parameters are ultimately determined according to a trade-off between the performance of satellite and that of the terrestrial stations. A recent trend has been toward reducing the load on the terrestrial stations and increasing the satellite performance. Consequently, the satellite must have higher transmitting power, a higher operating frequency and greater antenna gain. Communications Payload - Hardware 3
4 Antenna Technology Communications Payload - Hardware 4
5 Geometry - I Polar coordinate system is normally used for antenna. Antenna gain: the ratio of power radiated per unit solid angle by that antenna in a given direction to the power radiated per unit solid angle in the same direction by an isotropic antenna fed with the same power. Gain in the direction (θ,φ), G(θ,Φ), can be given by w( θ, φ) G ( θ, φ) = / 4π where w(θ,φ) is power flux density in the (θ,φ) direction. If antenna bean direction is not specified, antenna gain is usually taken to mean gain in the direction of maximum radiation. The gain of parabolic antennas that are often used in satellite communications is π G = η D λ where η is aperture efficiency (50-70%), D is antenna diameter, λ is wavelength. 2 P t Communications Payload - Hardware 5
6 Geometry - II Communications Payload - Hardware 6
7 Beamwidth - I Beamwidth is determined by antenna pattern, and it is normally used in the form of half-power beamwidth, which is the angular width of the beam at 3 db below peak power. For a reflector antenna it may be expressed as λ θ 3dB = α D [deg] where α is a factor that depends on the shape of the reflector and the method of illumination. For a typical antenna, α = 65 ~70. [Examples] Communications Payload - Hardware 7
8 Beamwidth - II Communications Payload - Hardware 8
9 Beamwidth - III Communications Payload - Hardware 9
10 Sidelobe characteristics The mountain-shaped curves generated in directions other than that of the main beam are called as side lobes. They may produce interference on other satellite communication systems and be a means of receiving interference from other systems. Side lobes must be reduced as much as possible. In the case of aperture antenna like parabolic ones, the gain is maximum when the aperture is irradiated with uniform amplitude and phase. The gain of the 1st side lobe will only be 13 db lower than this maximum main-beam gain. Question: How to reduce the 1st side lobe level? Communications Payload - Hardware 10
11 Polarization Linear polarization Vertical Horizontal Circular polarization Right-hand Left-hand Communications Payload - Hardware 11
12 Horn antennas - I A horn antenna is often used as a primary feed of a reflector antenna. It can also be used by itself when a wide beamwidth is required. Horn antennas have come to be used as satellite onboard antennas. Why? Horn antennas are broadly divided into two types: Conical horn (circular waveguide) and Pyramidal horn (rectangular waveguide). Conical, Pyramidal, Corrugated Parabolic antenna Communications Payload - Hardware 12
13 Horn antennas - II Communications Payload - Hardware 13
14 Horn antennas - III 1) The Ku-band 12 GHz pyramidal horn antenna operates between 11.7 and 12.5 GHz. 2) It can be in either horizontal or vertical polarization. 3) The radiation performance is optimized for global coverage out to 8.4º. Communications Payload - Hardware 14
15 Horn antennas - IV Because horn antennas feature good agreement between theoretical and measured values of gain and are structurally strong, they are used as reference antennas when measuring the gain of various types of antennas in the microwave band. Question: How to select from different types of horns? Standard horns have smooth interior walls to minimize losses and reduce the generation of higher order modes that affect efficiency and polarization performance. Manufacturing technologies: welding or electroforming? Communications Payload - Hardware 15
16 Horn antennas - V The most common use of the horn is as a radiating element for a reflector type of antenna. The horn is placed at or near the focus of a parabolic reflector to illuminate the surface. The horn as a primary radiator of the reflector must be designed to introduce the proper radiation of microwave energy across the reflector. Its ability to produce the proper primary radiation pattern is determined by its size, shape, and internal structure. Other important factors in horn design are cross-polarization purity and sidelobe performance. Corrugated horns are often used as the primary feed of a reflector antenna. Communications Payload - Hardware 16
17 Corrugated horn Desirable characteristics: Axial-beam symmetry (vertical and horizontal dimensions) Low sidelobe level Low cross-polarization High beam efficiency (~95%) The design and manufacture of the corrugated horn are more complicated than for smooth horns. Electroforming is the norm technique. Figure: A Feed Corrugated Horn and Associated Network Communications Payload - Hardware 17
18 Reflector antennas Reflector antennas have found wide use in satellite communications and Broadcast Satellite (BS) reception. A reflector antenna converts a spherical wave radiated from the primary feed at the focus to a plane wave to achieve high gain and low side lobes. Typical reflector antennas are Parabolic antennas Cassegrain antennas Gregorian antennas Offset parabolic antennas Offset Cassegrain antennas Offset Gregorian antennas Communications Payload - Hardware 18
19 Parabolic antennas - I The parabolic antenna is a high-gain reflector antenna. A typical parabolic antenna consists of a parabolic reflector illuminated by a small feed antenna. Two typical antenna geometries using parabolic reflectors are center-fed and offset. The center-fed parabola is circularly symmetric with the feed located at the focus. The offset reflector parabola allows the feed to be placed below the line of transmission. Communications Payload - Hardware 19
20 Parabolic antennas - II How to determine the size of reflector? Communications Payload - Hardware 20
21 Cassegrain and Gregorian antennas Reflector antennas may be designed with two reflecting surfaces. Technical and performance advantages to using two reflectors: Communications Payload - Hardware 21
22 Offset antennas - I The prime focus-fed parabola operates in principle like a reflecting mirror. It is efficient and effective because of the ideal geometry that is possesses. Parabolic reflector antennas have no aberration if center fed. Drawback? How to avoid? Offset-fed antennas: parabolic, Cassegrain, Gregorian. Communications Payload - Hardware 22
23 Aperture Blockage Effects Effect of blockage on sidelobe level for a hypothetical center-fed parabola. Communications Payload - Hardware 23
24 Offset antennas - II The offset-fed parabola eliminates feed blockage and substantially reduces reflection of energy from the reflector back into the feed. The physical characteristics have less symmetry and require more careful design and manufacture, experience has produced very efficient and high-performing spacecraft antennas of this class. The offset reflector permits placement of feeds much closer to the repeater electronics and suppresses sidelobe levels that would result from feed blockage. Nearly all bent-pipe type satellites adopted the offset reflector design. Specific dimensional characteristics of the offset reflector. Communications Payload - Hardware 24
25 Offset antennas - III (Technical drawbacks?) a) Offset parabola experiences some efficiency loss because the beam is tilted slightly upward from optimum. Gain degradation due to beam offset Communications Payload - Hardware 25
26 Offset antennas - IV (Technical drawbacks?) b) Sidelobe levels and cross-polarization, which are different depending on which direction one looks from boresite. c) Cross polarization isolation, which could be degraded by the lack of circular symmetry of the antenna system. d) Deformation of the reflector surface and feed support from differential solar heating and the resulting thermal expansion. That misshapes the reflector causing the pattern to distort. Communications Payload - Hardware 26
27 Shaped beam antennas Intended to provide a non-circular beam pattern Desirable for area coverage footprints Achieved with one of the following techniques Standard parabolic reflector with multiple feed horn array Shaped (distorted surface) reflector and single feed horn Phased array Communications Payload - Hardware 27
28 Antenna patterns - I For most spacecraft antenna systems, the feedhorn works with a reflector to produce the desired coverage pattern. A single feedhorn system, 3 db beamwidth. Real antenna patterns are shaped to match the desired service area. At C-band frequencies and higher, it is practical to generate a beam that follows the contour of a country or region by combining the action of several individual feedhorns. Beam shaping is a powerful technique for increasing the effectiveness of a communications satellite. [Examples] Communications Payload - Hardware 28
29 Bent-Pipe Repeater Design Communications Payload - Hardware 29
30 Bent-Pipe Repeater with Transponders 1. Wideband Receiver 2. Input Multiplexer 3. Redundancy Switching and Power Amplification 4. Output Filter and Multiplexer Communications Payload - Hardware 30
31 100 db of Repeater Gain Communications Payload - Hardware 31
32 Section 1 Wideband Receiver This figure shows the block diagram of a typical wideband communication receiver that amplifies the 500 MHz uplink band and translate it to the downlink frequency range without modification. Communications Payload - Hardware 32
33 Receiver Low Noise Design Use of amplifier stages in a typical wideband receiver. Communications Payload - Hardware 33
34 Objectives in Receiver Design Low noise Minimize front end noise Maximize front end gain Gain and gain flatness Adequate dynamic range C/IM>50 db under expected multicarrier load Protection from overload Proper frequency translation Non-inversion of spectrum Frequency translation error Phase noise Spurious (spur) rejection Stability Packaging Mass Power Solid operation under all modes and conditions Communications Payload - Hardware 34
35 Section 2 Input Multiplexer A six-channel input multiplexer composed of individual microwave filters. Communications Payload - Hardware 35
36 Channelization at RF Channelization employs passive RF filtering to accomplish several tasks: Establish the bandwidth of the transponder Separate channels prior to amplification and prevent multipath Control adjacent channel interference in some cases Performance within the usable bandwidth (passband) is critical to service Gain flatness (amplitude ripple) Gain slope Group delay (deviation from constant delay or linear phase) Group delay ripple Out-of-band rejection Transponder wideband components also contribute Communications Payload - Hardware 36
37 Typical Transponder Bandwidths Communications Payload - Hardware 37
38 Section 3 Redundancy Switching Coaxial S-switch (SPDT) 2/3 switch R-switch (Baseball Switch) C-switch Communications Payload - Hardware 38
39 Section 4 Output Filter and Multiplexer Schematic diagram if a circular-waveguide output filter Communications Payload - Hardware 39
40 OMUX Arrangement A six-channel output multiplexer configuration Communications Payload - Hardware 40
41 Future Directions for Satellite Communications New satellite applications Emphasis on the broadcast feature Paralleling the terrestrial networks Mobile communication systems Interactivity and multimedia The evolution of space technology Repeater innovations Antenna system innovations Spacecraft bus innovations Launch system development Managing technology risk Ground station technology VSAT technology extension Digital compression of video and voice Inexpensive TVROs for digital service Communications Payload - Hardware 41
ADVANCED 14/12 AND 30/20 GHz MULTIPLE BEAM ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY FOR COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES
ADVANCED 14/12 AND 30/20 GHz MULTIPLE BEAM ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY FOR COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES C.C. Chen TRW Defense and Space Systems Group Redondo Beach, CA 90278 ABSTRACT This paper discusses recent TRW
More informationessential requirements is to achieve very high cross-polarization discrimination over a
INTRODUCTION CHAPTER-1 1.1 BACKGROUND The antennas used for specific applications in satellite communications, remote sensing, radar and radio astronomy have several special requirements. One of the essential
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R F *
Rec. ITU-R F.699-6 1 RECOMMENATION ITU-R F.699-6 * Reference radiation patterns for fixed wireless system antennas for use in coordination studies and interference assessment in the frequency range from
More informationDay 1 Session 2. Earth Station Technology
Day 1 Session 2 Earth Station Technology 1 1- Types of antennas Satellites being far from earth require directional antennas in order to communicate. A directional antenna normally uses a parabolic reflector
More informationChapter 4 The RF Link
Chapter 4 The RF Link The fundamental elements of the communications satellite Radio Frequency (RF) or free space link are introduced. Basic transmission parameters, such as Antenna gain, Beamwidth, Free-space
More informationSATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS. Networks and Communication Department. Dr. Marwah Ahmed
1 SATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS Networks and Communication Department Dr. Marwah Ahmed Outlines Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) Telemetry, Tracking, Command and Monitoring (TTC & M) Power System Communication
More informationThe magnetic surface current density is defined in terms of the electric field at an aperture as follows: 2E n (6.1)
Chapter 6. Aperture antennas Antennas where radiation occurs from an open aperture are called aperture antennas. xamples include slot antennas, open-ended waveguides, rectangular and circular horn antennas,
More informationB ==================================== C
Satellite Space Segment Communication Frequencies Frequency Band (GHz) Band Uplink Crosslink Downlink Bandwidth ==================================== C 5.9-6.4 3.7 4.2 0.5 X 7.9-8.4 7.25-7.7575 0.5 Ku 14-14.5
More informationDr. John S. Seybold. November 9, IEEE Melbourne COM/SP AP/MTT Chapters
Antennas Dr. John S. Seybold November 9, 004 IEEE Melbourne COM/SP AP/MTT Chapters Introduction The antenna is the air interface of a communication system An antenna is an electrical conductor or system
More informationAperture Antennas. Reflectors, horns. High Gain Nearly real input impedance. Huygens Principle
Antennas 97 Aperture Antennas Reflectors, horns. High Gain Nearly real input impedance Huygens Principle Each point of a wave front is a secondary source of spherical waves. 97 Antennas 98 Equivalence
More informationReflector antennas and their feeds
Reflector antennas and their feeds P. Hazdra, M. Mazanek,. hazdrap@fel.cvut.cz Department of Electromagnetic Field Czech Technical University in Prague, FEE www.elmag.org v. 23.4.2015 Outline Simple reflector
More informationWideband Horn Antennas. John Kot, Christophe Granet BAE Systems Australia Ltd
Wideband Horn Antennas John Kot, Christophe Granet BAE Systems Australia Ltd Feed Horn Antennas Horn antennas are widely used as feeds for high efficiency reflectors, for applications such as satellite
More informationNewsletter 2.3. Antenna Magus version 2.3 released! New antennas in Version 2.3. Potter horn. Circularly polarised rectangular-biquad antenna
Newsletter 2.3 October 2010 Antenna Magus version 2.3 released! An update to Antenna Magus, version 2.3, is now available for download. This update features 10 new antennas, as opposed to the usual 6.
More informationEC ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
EC6602 - ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION FUNDAMENTALS PART-B QUESTION BANK UNIT 1 1. Define the following parameters w.r.t antenna: i. Radiation resistance. ii. Beam area. iii. Radiation intensity. iv. Directivity.
More informationREPORT ITU-R SA.2098
Rep. ITU-R SA.2098 1 REPORT ITU-R SA.2098 Mathematical gain models of large-aperture space research service earth station antennas for compatibility analysis involving a large number of distributed interference
More informationCircularly Polarized Post-wall Waveguide Slotted Arrays
Circularly Polarized Post-wall Waveguide Slotted Arrays Hisahiro Kai, 1a) Jiro Hirokawa, 1 and Makoto Ando 1 1 Department of Electrical and Electric Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama
More informationAperture antennas. Ahmed FACHAR, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Technical University of Madrid, UPM)
Aperture antennas Ahmed FACHAR, ahmedfach@gr.ssr.upm.es Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Technical University of Madrid, UPM) Outline Introduction Horn antennas Introduction Rectangular horns Conical
More informationDDPP 2163 Propagation Systems. Satellite Communication
DDPP 2163 Propagation Systems Satellite Communication 1 Satellite Two far apart stations can use a satellite as a relay station for their communication It is possible because the earth is a sphere. Radio
More informationBroadband and High Efficiency Single-Layer Reflectarray Using Circular Ring Attached Two Sets of Phase-Delay Lines
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 66, 193 202, 2018 Broadband and High Efficiency Single-Layer Reflectarray Using Circular Ring Attached Two Sets of Phase-Delay Lines Fei Xue 1, *, Hongjian
More informationKULLIYYAH OF ENGINEERING
KULLIYYAH OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION LABORATORY (ECE 4103) EXPERIMENT NO 3 RADIATION PATTERN AND GAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISH (PARABOLIC)
More informationRADIATION PATTERNS. The half-power (-3 db) beamwidth is a measure of the directivity of the antenna.
RADIATION PATTERNS The radiation pattern is a graphical depiction of the relative field strength transmitted from or received by the antenna. Antenna radiation patterns are taken at one frequency, one
More informationBENEFITS FOR DEPLOYABLE QUADRIFILAR HELICAL ANTENNA MODULES FOR SMALL SATELLITES
BENEFITS FOR DEPLOYABLE ANTENNA MODULES FOR SMALL SATELLITES 436.5 and 2400 MHz QHA s compared with Monopole Antennas on Small Satellites 1 2400 MHZ ISO-FLUX ANTENNA MOUNTED ON A 2U SMALL SATELLITE Axial
More informationExercise 1-3. Radar Antennas EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE DISCUSSION OF FUNDAMENTALS. Antenna types
Exercise 1-3 Radar Antennas EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be familiar with the role of the antenna in a radar system. You will also be familiar with the intrinsic characteristics
More informationNUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION OF A SATELLITE SHF NULLING MULTIPLE BEAM ANTENNA
NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION OF A SATELLITE SHF NULLING MULTIPLE BEAM ANTENNA D. Maiarelli (1), R. Guidi (2), G. Galgani (2), V. Lubrano (1), M. Bandinelli (2) (1) Alcatel Alenia Space Italia, via Saccomuro,
More informationGlossary of Satellite Terms
Glossary of Satellite Terms Satellite Terms A-D The following terms and definitions will help familiarize you with your Satellite solution. Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) Technology which automatically
More informationChapter 5. Array of Star Spirals
Chapter 5. Array of Star Spirals The star spiral was introduced in the previous chapter and it compared well with the circular Archimedean spiral. This chapter will examine the star spiral in an array
More informationTELECOMMUNICATION SATELLITE TELEMETRY TRACKING AND COMMAND SUB-SYSTEM
TELECOMMUNICATION SATELLITE TELEMETRY TRACKING AND COMMAND SUB-SYSTEM Rodolphe Nasta Engineering Division ALCATEL ESPACE Toulouse, France ABSTRACT This paper gives an overview on Telemetry, Tracking and
More informationAn Introduction to Antennas
May 11, 010 An Introduction to Antennas 1 Outline Antenna definition Main parameters of an antenna Types of antennas Antenna radiation (oynting vector) Radiation pattern Far-field distance, directivity,
More informationSchool of Electrical Engineering. EI2400 Applied Antenna Theory Lecture 8: Reflector antennas
School of Electrical Engineering EI2400 Applied Antenna Theory Lecture 8: Reflector antennas Reflector antennas Reflectors are widely used in communications, radar and radio astronomy. The largest reflector
More informationChapter 3 Solution to Problems
Chapter 3 Solution to Problems 1. The telemetry system of a geostationary communications satellite samples 100 sensors on the spacecraft in sequence. Each sample is transmitted to earth as an eight-bit
More informationThe Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:
Exercise 1-3 Satellite Payloads and Telemetry EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be familiar with the payload of a communications satellite and with the principles of TTC
More informationNewsletter 4.4. Antenna Magus version 4.4 released! Array synthesis reflective ground plane addition. July 2013
Newsletter 4.4 July 2013 Antenna Magus version 4.4 released! We are pleased to announce the new release of Antenna Magus Version 4.4. This release sees the addition of 5 new antennas: Horn-fed truncated
More informationIntroduction to Radar Systems. Radar Antennas. MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Radar Antennas - 1 PRH 6/18/02
Introduction to Radar Systems Radar Antennas Radar Antennas - 1 Disclaimer of Endorsement and Liability The video courseware and accompanying viewgraphs presented on this server were prepared as an account
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R S.733-1* (Question ITU-R 42/4 (1990))**
Rec. ITU-R S.733-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R S.733-1* DETERMINATION OF THE G/T RATIO FOR EARTH STATIONS OPERATING IN THE FIXED-SATELLITE SERVICE (Question ITU-R 42/4 (1990))** Rec. ITU-R S.733-1 (1992-1993)
More informationHigh Performance S and C-Band Autotrack Antenna
High Performance S and C-Band Autotrack Antenna Item Type text; Proceedings Authors Lewis, Ray Publisher International Foundation for Telemetering Journal International Telemetering Conference Proceedings
More informationMicrostrip Antennas Integrated with Horn Antennas
53 Microstrip Antennas Integrated with Horn Antennas Girish Kumar *1, K. P. Ray 2 and Amit A. Deshmukh 1 1. Department of Electrical Engineering, I.I.T. Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India Phone: 91 22
More informationANTENNA INTRODUCTION / BASICS
ANTENNA INTRODUCTION / BASICS RULES OF THUMB: 1. The Gain of an antenna with losses is given by: 2. Gain of rectangular X-Band Aperture G = 1.4 LW L = length of aperture in cm Where: W = width of aperture
More informationData and Computer Communications. Tenth Edition by William Stallings
Data and Computer Communications Tenth Edition by William Stallings Data and Computer Communications, Tenth Edition by William Stallings, (c) Pearson Education - Prentice Hall, 2013 Wireless Transmission
More informationW1GHZ W1GHZ W1GHZ W1GHZ W1GHZ W1GHZ W1GHZ W1GHZ
Online Online Online Online Online Online (ex-n1bwt) (ex-n1bwt) (ex-n1bwt) (ex-n1bwt) (ex-n1bwt) (ex-n1bwt) (ex-n1bwt) Online (ex-n1bwt) W1GHZ W1GHZ Microwave Antenna Book Antenna BookOnline W1GHZ W1GHZ
More informationChapter 41 Deep Space Station 13: Venus
Chapter 41 Deep Space Station 13: Venus The Venus site began operation in Goldstone, California, in 1962 as the Deep Space Network (DSN) research and development (R&D) station and is named for its first
More informationNotes 21 Introduction to Antennas
ECE 3317 Applied Electromagnetic Waves Prof. David R. Jackson Fall 018 Notes 1 Introduction to Antennas 1 Introduction to Antennas Antennas An antenna is a device that is used to transmit and/or receive
More informationDesign and realization of tracking feed antenna system
Design and realization of tracking feed antenna system S. H. Mohseni Armaki 1, F. Hojat Kashani 1, J. R. Mohassel 2, and M. Naser-Moghadasi 3a) 1 Electrical engineering faculty, Iran University of science
More informationW1GHZ W1GHZ W1GHZ W1GHZ W1GHZ W1GHZ W1GHZ W1GHZ
Section 6.0 Introduction Chapter 6 Feeds for Parabolic Dish Antennas Paul Wade 1994,1997,1998,1999 The key to good parabolic dish antenna performance is the feed antenna, the source of radiated energy
More informationREMOVAL OF BEAM SQUINTING EFFECTS IN A CIRCULARLY POLARIZED OFFSET PARABOLIC REFLECTOR ANTENNA USING A MATCHED FEED
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 7, 105 114, 2009 REMOVAL OF BEAM SQUINTING EFFECTS IN A CIRCULARLY POLARIZED OFFSET PARABOLIC REFLECTOR ANTENNA USING A MATCHED FEED S. B. Sharma Antenna
More informationELEC4604. RF Electronics. Experiment 1
ELEC464 RF Electronics Experiment ANTENNA RADATO N PATTERNS. ntroduction The performance of RF communication systems depend critically on the radiation characteristics of the antennae it employs. These
More informationCHAPTER 3 SIDELOBE PERFORMANCE OF REFLECTOR / ANTENNAS
16 CHAPTER 3 SIDELOBE PERFORMANCE OF REFLECTOR / ANTENNAS 3.1 INTRODUCTION In the past many authors have investigated the effects of amplitude and phase distributions over the apertures of both array antennas
More informationNewsletter 5.4. New Antennas. The profiled horns. Antenna Magus Version 5.4 released! May 2015
Newsletter 5.4 May 215 Antenna Magus Version 5.4 released! Version 5.4 sees the release of eleven new antennas (taking the total number of antennas to 277) as well as a number of new features, improvements
More informationAperture antennas. Andrés García, Francico José Cano, Alfonso Muñoz. (Technical University of Madrid, UPM)
Aperture antennas Andrés García, Francico José Cano, Alfonso Muñoz andresg@gr.ssr.upm.es, ssr francisco@gr.ssr.upm.es, ssr alfonso@gr.ssr.upm.esssr Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Technical University
More informationRec. ITU-R F RECOMMENDATION ITU-R F *
Rec. ITU-R F.162-3 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.162-3 * Rec. ITU-R F.162-3 USE OF DIRECTIONAL TRANSMITTING ANTENNAS IN THE FIXED SERVICE OPERATING IN BANDS BELOW ABOUT 30 MHz (Question 150/9) (1953-1956-1966-1970-1992)
More informationEvaluation of Suitable Feed Systemes
Evaluation of Suitable Feed Systemes Review of the Ring Focus Antenna Quadridge Horn Eleven Feed Coaxial Horn and Multiband Corrugated Horn Conclusion MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21
More informationCHAPTER 5 THEORY AND TYPES OF ANTENNAS. 5.1 Introduction
CHAPTER 5 THEORY AND TYPES OF ANTENNAS 5.1 Introduction Antenna is an integral part of wireless communication systems, considered as an interface between transmission line and free space [16]. Antenna
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R BS.80-3 * Transmitting antennas in HF broadcasting
Rec. ITU-R BS.80-3 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BS.80-3 * Transmitting antennas in HF broadcasting (1951-1978-1986-1990) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that a directional transmitting antenna
More informationEarth-Stations. Performance Requirements
AMOS-Satellites System Earth-Stations Performance Requirements Version 4.33 August 2013 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION... 3 1. GENERAL... 4 2. ANTENNA... 5 2.1. TRANSMIT SIDE-LOBES (MANDATORY)...
More informationThe Design of an Automated, High-Accuracy Antenna Test Facility
The Design of an Automated, High-Accuracy Antenna Test Facility T. JUD LYON, MEMBER, IEEE, AND A. RAY HOWLAND, MEMBER, IEEE Abstract This paper presents the step-by-step application of proven far-field
More informationDouble-Ridged Waveguide Horn
Model 3106 200 MHz 2 GHz Uniform Gain Power Handling up to 1.6 kw Model 3115 1 GHz 18 GHz Low VSWR Model 3116 18 GHz 40 GHz Quality Construction M O D E L 3 1 0 6 Double-Ridged Waveguide Horn PROVIDING
More informationDesign, Trade-Off and Advantages of a Reconfigurable Dual Reflector for Ku Band Applications
Design, Trade-Off and Advantages of a Reconfigurable Dual Reflector for Ku Band Applications Cecilia Cappellin, Knud Pontoppidan TICRA Læderstræde 34 1201 Copenhagen Denmark Email:cc@ticra.com, kp@ticra.com
More informationTravelling Wave, Broadband, and Frequency Independent Antennas. EE-4382/ Antenna Engineering
Travelling Wave, Broadband, and Frequency Independent Antennas EE-4382/5306 - Antenna Engineering Outline Traveling Wave Antennas Introduction Traveling Wave Antennas: Long Wire, V Antenna, Rhombic Antenna
More informationPerformance Analysis of a Patch Antenna Array Feed For A Satellite C-Band Dish Antenna
Cyber Journals: Multidisciplinary Journals in Science and Technology, Journal of Selected Areas in Telecommunications (JSAT), November Edition, 2011 Performance Analysis of a Patch Antenna Array Feed For
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R M Reference radiation pattern for ship earth station antennas
Rec. ITU-R M.694-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.694-1 Reference radiation pattern for ship earth station antennas (Question ITU-R 88/8) (1990-2005) Scope This Recommendation provides a reference radiation
More informationWhat does reciprocity mean
Antennas Definition of antenna: A device for converting electromagnetic radiation in space into electrical currents in conductors or vice-versa. Radio telescopes are antennas Reciprocity says we can treat
More informationREPORT ITU-R BT TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION BROADCASTING IN BANDS ABOVE 2 GHZ (Questions ITU-R 1/11 and ITU-R 49/11)
- 1 - REPORT ITU-R BT.961-2 TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION BROADCASTING IN BANDS ABOVE 2 GHZ (Questions ITU-R 1/11 and ITU-R 49/11) (1982-1986-1994) 1. Introduction Experimental amplitude-modulation terrestrial
More informationCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN CONICAL AND GAUSSIAN PROFILED HORN ANTENNAS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 38, 147 166, 22 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN CONICAL AND GAUSSIAN PROFILED HORN ANTENNAS A. A. Kishk and C.-S. Lim Department of Electrical Engineering The University
More informationANTENNA INTRODUCTION / BASICS
Rules of Thumb: 1. The Gain of an antenna with losses is given by: G 0A 8 Where 0 ' Efficiency A ' Physical aperture area 8 ' wavelength ANTENNA INTRODUCTION / BASICS another is:. Gain of rectangular X-Band
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNIACTION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK
INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 04 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNIACTION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK Course Name : Antennas and Wave Propagation (AWP) Course Code : A50418 Class :
More informationAnnex B: HEO Satellite Mission
Annex B: HEO Satellite Mission Table of Content TABLE OF CONTENT...I 1. INTRODUCTION...1 1.1. General... 1 1.2. Response Guidelines... 1 2. BRAODBAND CAPACITY...2 2.1. Mission Overview... 2 2.1.1. HEO
More information1. Discuss in detail the Design Consideration of a Satellite Communication Systems. [16]
Code No: R05410409 Set No. 1 1. Discuss in detail the Design Consideration of a Satellite Communication Systems. 2. (a) What is a Geosynchronous Orbit? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these
More informationBHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE NATTARAMPALLI Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Unit 1
BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE NATTARAMPALLI 635854 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Unit 1 Degree / Branch : B.E / ECE Sem / Year : 3 rd / 6 th Sub Name : Antennas & Wave Propagation Sub Code : EC6602
More informationFull-Wave Analysis of Planar Reflectarrays with Spherical Phase Distribution for 2-D Beam-Scanning using FEKO Electromagnetic Software
Full-Wave Analysis of Planar Reflectarrays with Spherical Phase Distribution for 2-D Beam-Scanning using FEKO Electromagnetic Software Payam Nayeri 1, Atef Z. Elsherbeni 1, and Fan Yang 1,2 1 Center of
More informationReflector Antenna, its Mount and Microwave. Absorbers for IIP Radiometer Experiments
Reflector Antenna, its Mount and Microwave Absorbers for IIP Radiometer Experiments Nakasit Niltawach, and Joel T. Johnson May 8 th, 2003 1 Introduction As mentioned in [1], measurements are required for
More informationSpace multi-beam antenna with very high figure of merit, for Ka-band multimedia via satellite transmission
Space multi-beam antenna with very high figure of merit, for Ka-band multimedia via satellite transmission Yann CAILLOCE, Gerard CAILLE: Alcatel Space Industries, B.P. 87, 3037 Toulouse Cedex, France.
More informationUNIT Write short notes on travelling wave antenna? Ans: Travelling Wave Antenna
UNIT 4 1. Write short notes on travelling wave antenna? Travelling Wave Antenna Travelling wave or non-resonant or aperiodic antennas are those antennas in which there is no reflected wave i.e., standing
More informationKeywords Cross-polarization, phasing length, return loss, multimode horn
Volume 4, Issue, February 014 ISSN: 18X International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Research Paper Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com Cross Polarization Reduction
More informationA NEW WIDEBAND DUAL LINEAR FEED FOR PRIME FOCUS COMPACT RANGES
A NEW WIDEBAND DUAL LINEAR FEED FOR PRIME FOCUS COMPACT RANGES by Ray Lewis and James H. Cook, Jr. ABSTRACT Performance trade-offs are Investigated between the use of clustered waveguide bandwidth feeds
More informationEarth Station and Flyaway
2012 Page 1 3/27/2012 DEFINITIONS Earth Station- Terrestrial terminal designed for extra planetary telecommunication Satellite- Artificial Satellite is an object placed in an specific orbit to receive
More informationHalf-Wave Dipole. Radiation Resistance. Antenna Efficiency
Antennas Simple Antennas Isotropic radiator is the simplest antenna mathematically Radiates all the power supplied to it, equally in all directions Theoretical only, can t be built Useful as a reference:
More informationDesign of a Novel Compact Cup Feed for Parabolic Reflector Antennas
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 81 86, 2016 Design of a Novel Compact Cup Feed for Parabolic Reflector Antennas Amir Moallemizadeh 1,R.Saraf-Shirazi 2, and Mohammad Bod 2, * Abstract
More informationTRANSMITTING ANTENNA WITH DUAL CIRCULAR POLARISATION FOR INDOOR ANTENNA MEASUREMENT RANGE
TRANSMITTING ANTENNA WITH DUAL CIRCULAR POLARISATION FOR INDOOR ANTENNA MEASUREMENT RANGE Michal Mrnka, Jan Vélim Doctoral Degree Programme (2), FEEC BUT E-mail: xmrnka01@stud.feec.vutbr.cz, velim@phd.feec.vutbr.cz
More informationEEM.Ant. Antennas and Propagation
EEM.ant/0304/08pg/Req: None 1/8 UNIVERSITY OF SURREY Department of Electronic Engineering MSc EXAMINATION EEM.Ant Antennas and Propagation Duration: 2 Hours Spring 2003/04 READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS Answer
More informationCHAPTER 8 ANTENNAS 1
CHAPTER 8 ANTENNAS 1 2 Antennas A good antenna works A bad antenna is a waste of time & money Antenna systems can be very inexpensive and simple They can also be very expensive 3 Antenna Considerations
More informationBroadband Antenna. Broadband Antenna. Chapter 4
1 Chapter 4 Learning Outcome At the end of this chapter student should able to: To design and evaluate various antenna to meet application requirements for Loops antenna Helix antenna Yagi Uda antenna
More informationMEASUREMENT OF THE EARTH-OBSERVER-1 SATELLITE X-BAND PHASED ARRAY
MEASUREMENT OF THE EARTH-OBSERVER-1 SATELLITE X-BAND PHASED ARRAY Kenneth Perko (1), Louis Dod (2), and John Demas (3) (1) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, (2) Swales Aerospace, Beltsville,
More informationSatellite TVRO G/T calculations
Satellite TVRO G/T calculations From: http://aa.1asphost.com/tonyart/tonyt/applets/tvro/tvro.html Introduction In order to understand the G/T calculations, we must start with some basics. A good starting
More informationS.R.M. Institute of Science & Technology Deemed University School of Electronics & Communication Engineering
S.R.M. Institute of Science & Technology Deemed University School of Electronics & Communication Engineering Question Bank Subject Code : EC401 Subject Name : Antennas and Wave Propagation Year & Sem :
More informationL-Band and X-Band Antenna Design and Development for NeXtRAD
L-Band and X-Band Antenna Design and Development for NeXtRAD S. T. Paine, P. Cheng, D. W. O Hagan, M. R. Inggs, H. D. Griffiths* Department of Electrical Engineering Radar Remote Sensing Group University
More informationAntenna Engineering Lecture 3: Basic Antenna Parameters
Antenna Engineering Lecture 3: Basic Antenna Parameters ELC 405a Fall 2011 Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Faculty of Engineering Cairo University 2 Outline 1 Radiation Pattern
More informationUsing Frequency Diversity to Improve Measurement Speed Roger Dygert MI Technologies, 1125 Satellite Blvd., Suite 100 Suwanee, GA 30024
Using Frequency Diversity to Improve Measurement Speed Roger Dygert MI Technologies, 1125 Satellite Blvd., Suite 1 Suwanee, GA 324 ABSTRACT Conventional antenna measurement systems use a multiplexer or
More informationDRONACHARYA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, GREATER NOIDA. SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS (EEC 021) QUESTION BANK
DRONACHARYA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, GREATER NOIDA. SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS (EEC 021) QUESTION BANK 1. Write the advantages and disadvantages of Satellite Communication. 2. Distinguish between active and
More informationAntennas and Propagation. Chapter 4: Antenna Types
Antennas and Propagation : Antenna Types 4.4 Aperture Antennas High microwave frequencies Thin wires and dielectrics cause loss Coaxial lines: may have 10dB per meter Waveguides often used instead Aperture
More information- reduce cross-polarization levels produced by reflector feeds - produce nearly identical E- and H-plane patterns of feeds
Corrugated Horns Motivation: Contents - reduce cross-polarization levels produced by reflector feeds - produce nearly identical E- and H-plane patterns of feeds 1. General horn antenna applications 2.
More informationSummary of telescope designs considered by the optics group for the COrE+ M4 proposal in 2015
Summary of telescope designs considered by the optics group for the COrE+ M4 proposal in 2015 Neil Trappe, Créidhe O Sullivan, Darragh McCarthy Maynooth University, Ireland November 20 th, 2015 1 Contents
More informationUNIT III EARTH SEGMENT
UNIT III EARTH SEGMENT 4.1 Earth Station Technology : The earth segment of a satellite communications system consists of the transmit and receive earth stations. The simplest of these are the home TV receive-only
More informationPRIME FOCUS FEEDS FOR THE COMPACT RANGE
PRIME FOCUS FEEDS FOR THE COMPACT RANGE John R. Jones Prime focus fed paraboloidal reflector compact ranges are used to provide plane wave illumination indoors at small range lengths for antenna and radar
More informationGPS ANTENNA WITH METALLIC CONICAL STRUC- TURE FOR ANTI-JAMMING APPLICATIONS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 37, 249 259, 2013 GPS ANTENNA WITH METALLIC CONICAL STRUC- TURE FOR ANTI-JAMMING APPLICATIONS Yoon-Ki Cho, Hee-Do Kang, Se-Young Hyun, and Jong-Gwan Yook *
More informationKINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUB.NAME : ANTENNAS & WAVE PROPAGATION SUB CODE : EC 1352 YEAR : III SEMESTER : VI UNIT I: ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS
More informationHandbook of Reflector Antennas
Handbook of Reflector Antennas and Feed Systems Volume I Theory and Design of Reflectors Satish K. Sharma Sudhakar Rao Lotfollah Shafai Preface Acknowledgments ix x Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2
More informationA BROADBAND POLARIZATION SELECTABLE FEED FOR COMPACT RANGE APPLICATIONS
A BROADBAND POLARIZATION SELECTABLE FEED FOR COMPACT RANGE APPLICATIONS Carl W. Sirles ATDS Howland 454 Atwater Court, Suite 17 Buford, GA 3518 Abstract Many aircraft radome structures are designed to
More informationBASICS OF ANTENNAS Lecture Note 1
BASICS OF ANTENNAS Lecture Note 1 INTRODUCTION Antennas are devices that are capable of launching RF (radio frequency) energy into space and detect it as well. How well an antenna is able to launch RF
More informationEMG4066:Antennas and Propagation Exp 1:ANTENNAS MMU:FOE. To study the radiation pattern characteristics of various types of antennas.
OBJECTIVES To study the radiation pattern characteristics of various types of antennas. APPARATUS Microwave Source Rotating Antenna Platform Measurement Interface Transmitting Horn Antenna Dipole and Yagi
More informationUnguided Transmission Media
CS311 Data Communication Unguided Transmission Media by Dr. Manas Khatua Assistant Professor Dept. of CSE IIT Jodhpur E-mail: manaskhatua@iitj.ac.in Web: http://home.iitj.ac.in/~manaskhatua http://manaskhatua.github.io/
More informationFORMATION FLYING PICOSAT SWARMS FOR FORMING EXTREMELY LARGE APERTURES
FORMATION FLYING PICOSAT SWARMS FOR FORMING EXTREMELY LARGE APERTURES Presented at the ESA/ESTEC Workshop on Innovative System Concepts February 21, 2006 Ivan Bekey President, Bekey Designs, Inc. 4624
More information