PSInSAR validation by means of a blind experiment using dihedral reflectors
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1 PSInSAR validation by means of a blind experiment using dihedral reflectors A.Ferretti( 1 )( 2 ), S. Musazzi( 3 ), F.Novali ( 2 ), C. Prati( 1 ), F. Rocca( 1 ), G. Savio ( 2 ) ( 1 ) Politecnico di Milano ( 2 ) Tele-Rilevamento Europa - TRE a POLIMI spin-off company ( 3 ) CESI - Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano - Milano FRINGE05 ESA ESRIN - 28 November December 2005 Frascati, Italy Copyright - Tele-Rilevamento Europa COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
2 Objectives Assess the perfomance of InSAR approach using artificial reflectors with a focus on: Precision and accuracy of estimated motion Multi-geometry and multi-platform capability Long term stability of the reflectors Radar Cross Section required for application in urban environment Framework Deploy of 2 couples of dihedral reflectors (for ascending and descending geometry) Move one couple of targets in both East-West and vertical direction between 2 acquisitions Estimated the horizontal and vertical dispalcement from the interferometric phase using Envisat and Radarsat data COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
3 Why dihedral reflector? Dihedral reflectors have been preferred to conventional trihedral reflectors with the same RCS for their smaller dimension greater mechanical stability RCS = 8 π L 2 λ 4 RCS = 4 π L 2 3 λ 4 L=1m λ=0.0566m RCS=7845 m 2 RCS=1307 m 2 COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
4 Constraint on Signal to Clutter Ratio Hp: σ Q2 = σ I 2= σ 2 /2 Im N I σ ϕ = σ A 2 Q 2 = 1 2 A 2 2 σ = 1 2 SCR A N Q θ 1 H N Re A SCR equal to 20dB should guarantee a σ φ < 0.3 mm Clutter = 60 2 m COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
5 Example: Radarsat descending data Suitable location for Multi-image dihedral deployment reflectivity map based of on the SCR AOI requirement COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
6 Experiment set-up Two GPS couples antennas of dihedral have been installed: reflectors one have has been been deployed: used as one reference should point, be used the other as reference has point, been fixed the other to the as reflector the target to be monitored COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
7 Dihedral Reflector: ideal pointing conditions LOS 45 o 90 o 45 o High sensitive to orientation Require an accurate assessment of the direction of the satellite illuminating beam For Radarsat (the antenna is not yaw-steered) the squint-angle has to be taken into account. COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
8 Dihedral orientation: visibility from two different geometries Vertical 1. Evaluate LOS 1 components 2. Evaluate LOS 2 components LOS 1 BIS LOS 2 3. Compute the perpendicular vector PERP = LOS 1 X LOS 2 4. Compute the bisector vector BIS 5. Deploy the dihedral backbone accordingly to the perpendicular vector 6. Rotate the dihedral reflector to meet the elevation requirement North BIS PERP West COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
9 Radarsat S3 ascending Azimuth Range BEFORE dihedrals deployment AFTER dihedrals deployment COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
10 Radarsat S3 descending Azimuth Range BEFORE dihedrals deployment AFTER dihedrals deployment COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
11 Envisat IS2 descending Azimuth Range BEFORE dihedrals deployment AFTER dihedrals deployment COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
12 Envisat IS2 ascending Azimuth Range BEFORE dihedrals deployment AFTER dihedrals deployment COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
13 Interferometric phase mix Differential phase difference between two reflectors: 4π φ = φ φref = ψ + r + K DEM H + α + noise λ Reflectivity change LOS displacement Elevation Atmospheric delay IF ψ 0 (phase stability) α 0 (reflectors are very closed each others, about 30 m) Η 0 (same elevation) noise 0 (high SCR) φ = 4π r λ LOS Displacement COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
14 3D displacement recovery H θ 1 θ 2 V 2 V rh V re V r Est Combining 2 different geometries: V V 1 2 = cos = cos ( θ1) VrH sin( θ1) θ ( ) 2 θ V + sin( θ ) 2 rh 2 V V re re V 1 COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
15 The processed data Four data sets were independently analyzed. Since the beginning of the experiment (20 th October 2004) the following images were collected: - Radarsat ascending S3 (11 images) - Radarsat descending S3 (12 images) - Envisat ascending IS2 (3 images) - Envisat descending IS2 (5 images) Envisat Desce Envisat Asce Movement Radarsat Desce Radarsat Asce COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
16 Ground truth vs Radarsat data E-W component Standard deviation: 1.3 mm Ground Truth InSAR Ground Truth InSAR Vertical component Standard deviation: 1 mm COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
17 LOS component: Projected ground truth vs Envisat data Envisat ascending Envisat descending COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
18 PS on LIDAR data Image courtesy of OGS COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
19 Elevation Differences (PS vs LIDAR) 800 PS Mean = Mode = -0.1 StDev = 1.98 COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
20 Profiles COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
21 Conclusions (1) A multi-geometry and multi-platform analysis has been performed in order to retrieve the 2D displacement (vertical and East-West components) Phase stability of the deployed artificial reflectors has been proved to be reliable over a period of more than 10 months The agreement between ground truth and InSAR displacement estimation confirm the millimetric accuracy achievable standard deviation 1 mm along vertical direction (Radarsat) standard deviation 1.3 mm along East-West direction (Radarsat) COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
22 Conclusions (2) LIDAR data (Optech 3033) allowed a first validation of precise elevation values on a sparse grid of radar targets (PS). After removal of systematic errors, the dispersion of the elevation values of satellite radar targets (PS) turned out to be < 2 m A synergistic use of PSInSAR and LIDAR data could open a new scenario for remote sensing applications and terrain mapping LIDAR data can speed up the PS analysis (elevation retrieval) and can allow, together with HR optical data, the physical characterization of the radar target (i.e. What are we looking at?) COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
23 Thanks for your attention. COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
24 GPS measurements: Vertical direction Leveling data GPS daily measurement GPS compensated measurement - Differential GPS (distance of about 54 m) - 3 permanent GPS stations - Precise effemerid data from IGS (International GNNS Service) - Ionospheric and tropospheric correction adopted COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
25 GPS measurements: North-South and East-west components North-South component GPS daily measurement GPS compensated measurement East-West component COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
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