WIND FARMS IMPACT ON TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
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1 WIND FARMS IMPACT ON TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) October 2014
2 Approaching the problem What is the problem? What can be done? Radar Radiolinks Television broadcasting
3 What is the problem? Wind turbines, due to their large dimensions and continuous movement, cause some effects on the electromagnetic signals Several telecommunication services can be affected by wind farms Weather radar Air Traffic Control radar Air Navigation Systems (VOR, ILS) Radiolinks Television broadcasting Once the wind farm is installed, corrective measures are usually technically complex and/or cost prohibitive
4 What can be done? Analysis of the potential impact of a wind farm on the telecommunications services prior to installation might make the permitting process easier allows the planning of alternative solutions to assure the coexistence of wind turbines and telecommunication facilities prevents public opposition to wind energy development
5 Approaching the problem What is the problem? What can be done? Radar Radiolinks Television broadcasting
6 The precise impact on a specific service can be only determined on a case-by-case basis including several models and algorithms to estimate the impact considering altimetry data taking into account the particularities of the case under study And according to the corresponding international recommendations and/or regulatory bodies International Telecommunications Union (ITU-R) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) EUMETNET National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation (Eurocontrol) Broadcasting Weather radar ATC radar
7 Tasks related to the impact studies 1. Analysis and calculations of the potential impact of a certain wind farm on the surrounding telecommunication services 2. Coordination tasks between public administrations, broadcasters, weather radar agencies and wind farm developers. 3. Technical reports for supporting potential claims to the wind farm project 4. Presentations of the results of the impact studies to administrations
8 Tasks related to the impact studies 1. Analysis and calculations of the potential impact of a certain wind farm on the surrounding telecommunication services Two different approaches: Estimation of the potential impact of a certain wind farm layout on the surrounding telecommunication services RESULTS - Identification of the interfering turbines - Identification of possible mitigation options: - Relocate a wind turbine - Reduce the wind turbine size -
9 Tasks related to the impact studies 1. Analysis and calculations of the potential impact of a certain wind farm on the surrounding telecommunication services Two different approaches: Estimation of the potential impact of a certain wind farm layout on the surrounding telecommunication services on a certain area before the wind farm layout is defined RESULTS - Set of masks that delimit the areas that should be avoided in the wind farm deployment
10 Tasks related to the impact studies 1. Analysis and calculations of the potential impact of a certain wind farm on the surrounding telecommunication services 2. Coordination tasks between public administrations, broadcasters, weather radar agencies and wind farm developers. 3. Technical reports for supporting potential claims to the wind farm project 4. Presentations of the results of the impact studies to administrations
11 Tasks related to the impact studies 1. Analysis and calculations of the potential impact of a certain wind farm on the surrounding telecommunication services 2. Coordination tasks between public administrations, broadcasters, weather radar agencies and wind farm developers. 3. Technical reports for supporting potential claims to the wind farm project 4. Presentations of the results of the impact studies to administrations
12 Tasks related to the impact studies 1. Analysis and calculations of the potential impact of a certain wind farm on the surrounding telecommunication services 2. Coordination tasks between public administrations, broadcasters, weather radar agencies and wind farm developers. 3. Technical reports for supporting potential claims to the wind farm project 4. Presentations of the results of the impact studies to administrations
13 Approaching the problem What is the problem? What can be done? How is the Potential Impact of a Wind Farm Evaluated? Radar Radiolinks Television broadcasting
14 Impact on radar (Weather, Air Traffic Control and Defense radars) Every elevation angle of the radar beam analyzed
15 Impact on radar (Weather, Air Traffic Control and Defense radars)
16 Impact on radar (Weather, Air Traffic Control and Defense radars) Clutter: Power reflected by the wind turbines towards the radar The clutter may generate target loss and false targets The impact study estimates if the radar receives clutter from wind turbines Radar
17 Impact on radar (Weather, Air Traffic Control and Defense radars) Doppler Effect: Blade rotation is detected by Doppler radars Detection is degraded The impact study estimates if beam impinge on the rotating blades
18 Impact on radar (Weather, Air Traffic Control and Defense radars) Beam obstruction: Radar beam is obstructed by one or more wind turbines This may cause information loss behind the wind farm The impact study estimates the shadow volume behind each turbine
19 Impact on radio links Does the volume occupied by rotating blades, considering every rotor orientation, obstruct the radio link?
20 Impact on television broadcasting The potentially interfered coverage area and the level of interference due to each wind turbine are estimated considering: Interference criteria Scattering models Propagation models
21 Approaching the problem What is the problem? What can be done? Radar Radiolinks Television broadcasting
22 Our expertise in impact studies Several impact studies for wind farm developers and broadcasters Iberdrola Renewables / Eólicas de Euskadi of 6 wind farms (Wind farm developer Spain) ESB International of 2 wind farms (Wind farm promoter Ireland) ElectraWinds - Serbia of 1 wind farms (Wind farm promoter Serbia) Vattenfall - Sweden 4 impact studies (2 wind farms) (Wind farm promoter Sweden) Itelazpi of 6 wind farms (Regional broadcaster - Spain) RAI of 1 wind farm (National public broadcaster - Italy) Additional services Consultancy tasks for the wind farm promoter Results presented to the service providers (broadcaster, radar operator ) and the involved administrations
23 Research work: projects with public funding Projects with public funding European Union FP7 Call FP7-ICT-2011-SME-DCL. Software for the Optimal Place Calculation for Wind Farms (SOPCAWIND) Spanish Ministry Call 2012: WIND-RAD-Evaluación del impacto de los Parques Eólicos en los Servicios de Radiocomunicaciones Basque Government Basic research SAIOTEK Calls 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2013
24 Research work: contribution to regulatory bodies Contributions to the International Telecommunication Union The results of our research work have been submitted to the International Telecommunication Union, Working Party 6A. Some of the outcomes have been included in the following public documents: Recommendation ITU-R BT.1893 Assessment of impairment caused to digital television reception by a wind turbine Report BT The effect of the scattering of digital television signals from a wind turbine
25 Research work: projects with public funding and main publications Some of our research articles: Empirical Doppler Characterization of Signals Scattered by Wind Turbines in the UHF Band under Near Field Condition International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Hindawi Publishing "Simplified formulae for the estimation of offshore wind turbines clutter on marine radars The Scientific World Journal, Hindawi Publishing "A Measurement-Based Multipath Channel Model for Signal Propagation in Presence of Wind Farms in the UHF Band" IEEE Transactions on Communications. "Impact analysis of wind farms on telecommunication services", Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, "Software tool for the analysis of potential impact of wind farms on radiocommunication services 2011 IEEE Int. Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting
26 For more information, please contact: David de la Vega //
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