MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kaiser CEO mimoon GmbH
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1 MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kaiser CEO mimoon GmbH MobiMedia,
2 mimoon is a supplier of embedded communications software for the next generation of MIMO-based wireless communication standards. Check de Sept , 2007: MIMO-Workshop MIMO Seminar LTE Seminar 2 / 18
3 What means 4G? Magic Mobile Future Study: >2 GHz BW in 2020 Edholm s law of data rate: OFDM will come MIMO will come 3 / 18
4 The Future of MIMO High-speed mobile access requires MIMO MIMO.16m MIMO Mb/s MIMO-LTE MIMO-WiMAX 100 Mb/s 10 Mb/s HSPA 1xEV-DO 1 Mb/s UMTS 100 kb/s EDGE GPRS 10 kb/s GSM / 18
5 The History of MIMO st MIMO paper (Winters) st MIMO patent (Paulraj) 1995 MIMO channel capacity (Telatar, Foschini, Gans) st MIMO testbed st MIMO prototype chip st MIMO company st MIMO commerc. chip 2006 MIMO breakthrough 5 / 18
6 MIMO Principles MIMO SISO MISO Array Gain: +3dB p.d. for SIMO, MISO (PCSI), MIMO (PCSI)) Diversity Gain: +XdB for SIMO, MISO, MIMO (CSI helps) Interf. Cancell. Gain: Nulling for SIMO, MISO, MIMO (all PCSI) Multiplexing Gain: for MIMO (CSI helps) Challenge: Gain Tradeoff s under Hardware, Regulation, and Standardization Constraints 6 / 18
7 Separate Frequency Flat Channels Tx Rx 7 / 18
8 Equivalent Parallel Channels Equivalent channel 8 / 18
9 Open Loop vs. Closed Loop Tx Closed Loop: Rx (Diversity order max. ) Challenge: Low rate feedback, high mobility 9 / 18
10 MIMO-LTE Transmitter (DL) subcarrier N Layer Mapping Layer Mapping Diversity # of subcarriers Precoder PL cyclic delay common HL Layer Mapping Layer Mapping subcarrier K Layer Mapping Layer Mapping Diversity Diversity Precoder PL cyclic delay Tx1 Tx2 Tx3 Tx4 IFFT IFFT IFFT IFFT add CP add CP add CP add CP Tx1 Tx2 Tx3 Tx4 Precoder P1 cyclic delay common H1 subcarrier 1 # of modulated codewords per subcarrier one resource block Layer Mapping Layer Mapping Diversity # of layers Precoder P1 cyclic delay # of Tx 10 / 18
11 MIMO-LTE Receiver (DL) (ST)-MIMO Detector (#antennas) x 210 x 11 x 4/ (0.5 / 7)ms = (#antenna) x 630 MMACps BL Receive Beamformer (ST)-MIMO Detector common HL # of subcarrier BL Receive Beamformer (ST)-MIMO Detector # of subcarrer (ST)-MIMO Detector Rx1 Rx2 Rx3 FFT FFT FFT Rx4 FFT rem CP rem CP rem. CP rem. CP Rx 1 Rx 2 Rx 3 Rx 4 B1 Receive Beamformer (ST)-MIMO Detector common H1 (ST)-MIMO Detector (ST)-MIMO Detector # of code-words (CW) per subcarrier one resource block B1 Receive Beamformer # of layers # of Rx Detection: ~(#CW)2 x MR x channel update: (once 1200 MAC / per RB) ~ 1200 / 12 / (0.5ms/7) = (#CW)x 0.5ms x MR x MT2 MAC (#CW+MR)x16, x MR x MTstep MIMO-LTE = A relevant towardsmmacps MMACps 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, 11 / 18
12 MIMO-LTE Algorithms No. of Antennas? X-QAM? Hard/Software? Challenge: MIMO Detector 12 / 18
13 MIMO-LTE Receive Chain Requirements Configuration: 2 Rx, 2 Tx, 64QAM, 100 Mbps data rate, Turbo Coding 1/3, #Rx = 2 #Tx = 2 Rx1 Rx2 RF 2x12 RF 631 MMACps Freq Offs Estimation Synchronization Freq Offs Correction Cycl Prfx Remove FFT Freq Offs Correction Cycl Prfx Remove FFT MCSps 123 MMACps MCSps bps with Rx=2 (1.47 Gbps) (246 MMACps) (1.38 Gbps) Demux Demux Chan Est Complex Sample Complex Sample per second Multiply Accumulate per second soft per second Add bits Compare Select soft bits Accumulate per second Multiply Add Compare Select 100 Mbps (538 Mbps) 2x10 Data / Rx CSps: CSps: MAC: sbps: ACS: Sbps: MAC: ACS: 16.8 MCSps (1262 MMACps) MMACps MIMO Detector 76.8 GACSps (153.6 GACSps) M U X Channel Decoder De-Interleaver Channel Decoder De-Interleaver 3 Symbol Demapper Symbol Demapper Data / Tx 50 Mbps 100 Msbps 16.8 MSps bps with Tx=2 (100 Mbps) (600 Mbps) (300 Mbps) 9 No ML algorithm for 64QAM 13 / 18
14 Some Results: MIMO-OFDMA 2x3 MIMO-OFDMA Reuse=1, TX=10W, Isolated Cell 2MHz Bandwidth Spatial Mux with 64 QAM (equiv SISO-QAM) 12dB better link budget than for SISO Iospan Wireless, San Jose Testbed, 2001 Thanks to Prof. A. Paulraj (Stanford Univ.) Ratio of 0.20 Users among Covered Users Net data rate in kb/s 14 / 18
15 Peak rate Mean rate Cell edge rate bit/s/hz SISO 2x2 MIMO Isolated Cell SISO 2x2 MIMO Interf. Lim. Cell Challenge: MIMO-Algorithm Design Source: 3G americas, Mobile Broadband: The Global Evolution of UMTS/HSPA, Dec 14, 2006 Some Results: Cellular MIMO 15 / 18
16 MIMO-Femtocell-Scenario MIMO is well-suited for contained environments 100 Mbit/s feasible with femtocells MIMO-Femtocells similar to MIMO-WLAN 16 / 18
17 MIMO-LTE vs MIMO-WLAN MIMO prelte pre802.11n Modulation technique OFDM OFDM MIMO mode SFBC, SM, Beamforming SFBC, SM, Beamforming System Bandwidth Scalable 1.25 ~ 20 MHz Fixed 20 MHz FFT and Subcarrier Spacing 128 ~ 2048 / 15 khz 64 / khz Access technology OFDMA CSMA/CA Services Packet data, VoIP Packet data QoS Good support Weak support Theoretical peak bit rate in ideal case 100 (DL) / 50 (UL) Mbps > 200 Mbps Latency (round trip) 10 ms < 5 ms Coverage 2.8 km ~ 7.4 km 30 m ~ 100 m MIMO 2x2 SISO Source: Throughput of a MIMO OFDM based WLAN system, T. Schenk et. al., IEEE S CVT2004, Gent, Belgium, Nov / 18
18 Conclusion MIMO represents an economical way to to increase user capacity to increase coverage to increase cell throughput the potential of using the spatial domain is large and the development of new and even more efficient multi-antenna algorithms is expected to continue in the future. Source: 3G americas, Mobile Broadband: The Global Evolution of UMTS/HSPA, Dec 14, / 18
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