Universidad Nacional Experimental Marítima del Caribe Vicerrectorado Académico Cátedra de Idiomas Inglés VI. Ingeniería Marítima

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1 Universidad Nacional Experimental Marítima del Caribe Vicerrectorado Académico Cátedra de Idiomas Inglés VI. Ingeniería Marítima UNIT II. Navigational equipment found onboard ships. Speaking. 1. Can you identify the navigational equipment below? b d a c 2. In groups, discuss about why this equipment is useful for a safe navigation. Get a definition for each of these navigational tools. Reading and writing. Read the article. Types of Navigational Equipment and Resources Used Onboard Modern Ships Gone are the days when a ship navigation officer had to take help of unconventional ways to plan and navigate a voyage at sea. Today, a ship officer has myriad of marine navigation equipment which makes his life a lot simpler, thanks to the advancement in technology. Moreover, present day seafarers are trained so as to know the functioning and operation of all modern day navigational equipment that have made the journey at sea smoother and safer. With modern day facilities and automation, a ship today has several advanced navigational equipment systems which give accurate data for the voyage.

2 Here, we have enlisted some types of navigational equipment, both old and new, which are present on all merchant ships. Gyro Compass: It is used for finding the right direction. Unlike magnetic compass, gyro compass is not affected by external magnetic field. It is used to find correct North Position, which is also the earth s rotational axis. Its repeater system must be present in the steering platform for emergency steering. Radar: It is used to determine the distance of the ship from land, other ships, or any floating object out at sea. Magnetic Compass: The magnetic compass works in conjunction with the magnetic field of the earth. It is used to get planned direction for the voyage. Auto Pilot: It is a combination of hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical system and is used to control the ship s steering system from a remote location (Navigation bridge). ARPA: Automatic Radar Plotting Aid displays the position of a ship and other vessels nearby. The radar displays the position of the ships in the vicinity and selects the course for the vessel by avoiding any kind of collision. Echo Sounder: This instrument is used to measure the depth of the water below the ship s bottom using sound waves. GPS Receiver: A Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver is a display system used to show the ship s location with the help of Global positioning satellite in the earth s orbit. Speed & Distance Log Device: The device is used to measure the speed and the distance travelled by a ship from a set point. By calculating the same, ETA of the ship is adjusted or given to the port authority and agent. Electronic Chart Display Information System: The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a development in the navigational chart system used in naval vessels and ships. With the use of the electronic chart system, it has become easier for a ship s navigating crew to pinpoint locations, and attaining directions are easier than before. Grammar. Connectors 1. Find the words on the left in the article and underline them. Then match them with the pairs of words or phrases with similar meaning on the right. 1. Moreover a. and, as well 2. Unlike b. in contrast to, while 3. Also c. furthermore, in addition 2. Connectors can have similar meanings, but are used in different grammatical contexts and with different punctuation. Complete these paragraphs with connectors from the boxes., the ECDIS utilizes the feature of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to successfully pinpoint the navigational points. Secondly, that the GPS is a highly reliable system, the utility and the reliability of the ECDIS as an electronic chart system can never be doubted., it has to be noted that the ECDIS adheres to the stipulations set by the International Maritime Organization. This factor adds to the trustworthiness of the electronic chart system. due to - thirdly - firstly - also

3 , the word "SART" stands for SEARCH AND RESCUE RADAR TRANSPONDER. The use of this particular equipment on board a merchant ship is governed by the chapter V of SOLAS CONVENTION., SART is used to transmit / indicate the position of a vessel in distress, to the nearest air or water crafts having an "X BAND" radar fitted on board., SART works on a frequency of 9 GHz. therefore - besides - first of all X band radars operate on a wavelength of cm and a frequency of 8-12 GHz (GigaHertz) Listening, speaking and writing. 1. Watch the following video. In groups, discuss and answer these questions. What is the video about? What devices did the man mention? 2. Watch the video again and check ( ) the navigational equipment found on board that ship. 1. Twenty cameras 2. Heeling system 3. Electronic Sea Charts 4. GPS 5. Fuel Oil 6. Echo sounder 7. Steering wheel

4 3. Listen to the description of these devices and complete the information given. a. We have throughout the ship to b. Next it s the computer system which gives us entrance to all the systems that are on board: ballast,,,,, etc c. The radar so we where we re going d. Over there, it s the wing control which we use when we are mooring. 4. Answer these questions. a. Are there paper charts onboard that ship? b. What information does the central control panel supply? Student support services Unit of speed: knot Unit of distance: nautical mile The draught and depth are expressed in feet (ft) or meter (m) The course is expressed in degrees, Latitude and Longitude

5 Answer these questions 1. Where is all navigational equipment located? 2. How do officers communicate with other ships? 3. What is a gyro compass? 4. What does GMDSS stand for and what is it?

6 Grammar. I. Complete the sentences with the suitable connector. 1. so that 2. to 3. nevertheless 4. therefore 5. however 6. on the other hand 7. then a. The ship s crew has got new uniforms., they have not worn them yet. b. The voyage to the island was very nice., the ship went slowly. c. We decided to depart early we arrive at the shore before noon. d. The cadet spent all night studying pass the stability exam with a high scoring. e. The ship s radar will be checked, it will be tested to see its functioning. f. Mario has sailed for a long time, he will not have any problem taking this long journey. g. On the one hand the GPS was failing, the RADAR was off so we could not depart. II. Rewrite the following paragraph adding connectors. Some connectors are extra. in the end - in addition - first of all - therefore - moreover - finally - despite - however Going on that boat s journey did not go off as planned. the boat s engine started to fail since our departure. We had to wait for a ship s engine technician to check it. the engine needed to be oiled. When we thought we were ready to go, the weather suddenly changed. we waited for a while to set sail. when we could depart, we noticed that we had forgotten the life jackets. Well I have to say that the journey was not as bad. III.- Write a paragraph explaining how you prepare for an English exam. Use at least 5 connectors. You may start, First

7 SENTENCE CONNECTORS RESULT ADDITION CONSTRAST SEQUENCE So And However Then As a result In addition Nevertheless Next As a consequence Moreover Nonetheless After that Therefore Besides Although First of all Thus Futhermore But First Consequently As well as In spite of Second/ Secondly Hence Additionally Unlike Third/ Thirdly Due to Also In contrast to To summarise Because of As well While In conclusion Eventually ---- Whereas Finally In the end ---- On the other hand ---- Finally ---- Despite ---- Answer these questions. Use connectors. 1. What s the difference between a gyro compass and a magnetic compass? 2. How does a compass differ from a GPS? Practice. Make similar sentences using your own ideas. Expressing differences Steam turbines are different from gas turbines Steam turbines differ from gas turbine in that gas rather than steam is used to turn a shaft While/Whereas diesel engines are cheap, nuclear plants are not. Diesel engines are cheap. On the contrary, nuclear plants are expensive. Expressing similarities Both steam turbines and gas turbines are light. A steam turbine is as light as the gas turbine. The parts of a steam turbine are similar to the gas turbine Neither ferries nor carriers are nuclear-powered ships