The Impact of IT on the. Marine Navigator. Andrew Eccleston. University of Plymouth

Transcription

1 The Impact of IT on the Marine Navigator Andrew Eccleston University of Plymouth

2 Marine Navigators with local connections Sir Francis Drake Sir Francis Chichester

3

4 Tasksfor the Marine Navigator Navigation Collision Avoidance Communications Ship Stability Logs, Autopilots... Weather

5 Merchant Navy Deck Officer Navigating Officer -Containerships Lots of I and T, but no (digital) computers

6 Raindrop-size distributions PhD Meteorology ICL 1900, cards, paper tape, Commodore PET

7 Met Office Radar Research Laboratory UK Weather Radar Network PDP 11/40, VAX 11/750, Macro 11, VMS

8 1984Founded company delivering meteorological/hydrological systems Highway Ice-Prediction, River Flow-Forecasting Desktop/Laptop PCs, Xenix, MS-DOS

9 1988Co-founded company delivering TV weather services Challenged Met Office domination Silicon Graphics, Indigo, O2, Irix

10 1993Both companies acquired by US-based parent of WSI Expanded in international Aviation and Media Sun, HP Unix workstations

11

12 Interim Management assignments Quality Management in automotive sector Media Products in 3G Telecoms startup

13 2002-University of Plymouth Marine Studies Programmes

14 Tasksfor the Marine Navigator Navigation Collision Avoidance Communications Ship Stability Logs, Autopilots... Weather

15 Ocean Navigation -in the past

16 Ocean Navigation Sextant

17 Ocean Navigation GPS x

18 Coastal Navigation

19

20 Coastal Navigation IT version ECDIS Chartplotter Ship Yacht

21 Collision Avoidance The Marine Navigator would like to avoid this!

22 Pre-IT Radar

23 Ship s Vector 1024 x x 1030 x 1036 True Course TCPA CPA Ship s Head Relative Track

24 ARPA Automated Radar Plotting Aid

25 Communications 1970 s Ships Radio Room with Radio Officer

26 Modern Ship s Radio Installation on the Bridge

27 OSTAR Competitor - Vijaya

28 Vijaya -Chartable Iridium Phone

29 OSTAR Competitor - De Franschman

30 De Franschman Data Comms SSB Radio Modem

31 AIS - Automatic Identification System As part of the global maritime safety system, ships over 300 tonsare now required to broadcast their positions using AIS. A ship transmits "dynamic" information at intervals of between 2 and 12 seconds depending on the vessel's speed or 3 minutes if at anchor. MMSI number Navigation status, e.g. 'at anchor' or 'underway' Ground speed, from 0 to 102 knots in steps of 0.1 knots Rate of turn, 0 to 720 degrees per minute Position (GPS latitude and longitude) Heading and Course over Ground Time stamp

32 AIS - Automatic Identification System Then every six minutes "static" information is transmitted: MMSI number Callsign Ship's name Type of ship Width, length and draught Antenna Location Destination Estimated time of arrival (ETA) Voyage related information such as draught, cargo, destination, ETA and route plan is generally manually entered and updated by the bridge team.

33 AIS - Automatic Identification System

34 AIS Automatic Identification System

35 GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

36 GMDSS Components Digital Selective Calling VHF Radio NAVigation TEXt receiver Emergency Postion Indicating Radio Beacon

37

38 Ship Stability The Marine Navigator would like to avoid this!

39

40 Ship Stability the IT version

41 Logs, Autopilots Log measures distance/speed travelled Autopilot steers the vessel

42

43 Modern Logs NMEA data Seatalk data

44

45 Modern Yacht Autopilot

46

47

48

49 Weather

50 Ellen McArthur ELLEN MACARTHUR

51 Forecasting the Weather by Global Observations Physics Maths Model Large Scale Topography Computer SUPER COMPUTER Forecast Data GRIB (GRIdded Binary) Global Dataset Coarse Grid Up to 10 days Met Office NEC SX-8

52 OSTAR WINNER-Franco Manzoli

53 Impact of ITon the Marine Navigator Enhanced Safety Change of scope of role New skills required Data integration Need to maintain traditional skills

54 FutureIT forthe Marine Navigator Visual display development Backup for GPS (Galileo) Cheap broadband at sea

55 A cautionary tale

56 Grounding of Royal Majesty RAN AGROUND: Nantucket Shoal June 1995

57 The Facts: Voyage Details Departed Bermuda bound for Boston 1509 Passengers + Crew 677 miles 41 hours

58 The Facts: Navigation Equipment Equipped with GPS, Loran-C, magnetic and gyro compasses, radars, log Integrated Bridge System: Navigation and Command System (NACOS)

59 The Facts: Integrated Bridge System NACOS Loran-C Map Creation Map GPS Lat/Long NMEA 0183 Autopilot Radar +ARPA Gyro Log

60 When she ran aground, the vessel was 17 miles from the position assumed by the Navigating Officer! No injuries The Facts: Marine Casualty Damage and lost revenue: $7m Assumed Track ACTUAL Track

61 How did it happen? Bridge gear was tested before departure and found to be in perfect working order 52 mins after the vessel sailed, the aerial connection to the GPS parted GPS gave an audible alarm, but no-one heard it GPS displayed a warning message, but no-one saw it GPS defaulted to output a DR position based on the gyro and log inputs NACOS continued using this DR position to steer the ship and generate the map OOW monitored the progress of the vessel only by looking at the map display on the ARPA Vessel was being set unnoticed to the SW of the planned track When the OOW sighted a buoy, he did not positively identify it, but assumed it was the one he expected to see The vessel ran aground

62 Lessons Learned Interoperability of IT systems System redundancy Fail-safe error procedures Need to maintain traditional skills

63 Impact of IT on the Marine Navigator Queen Mary Queen Mary 2 Gipsy Moth IV Open 60