Spektrale Farbmessung in der Druckmaschine Kerntechnologie zukünftiger Automatisierungsansätze

Transcription

1 Spektrale Farbmessung in der Druckmaschine Kerntechnologie zukünftiger Automatisierungsansätze Arved Hübler 17. Workshop für Farbbildverarbeitung in Konstanz 29. September 2011 member Institut für Print- und Medientechnik der TU Chemnitz [Institute for Print and Media Technology at Chemnitz University Technology] Director: Pr. Dr. Arved C. Hübler Reichenhainer Str Chemnitz Germany Phone: Fax:

2 pmindia: linking high potentials Education: M.Sc. Double degree Print & Media technology Manipal University TU Chemnitz Indian students Chemnitz German students Manipal supported by DAAD Research: industrial projects & academic projects future: Establishing a joint Indo-German Technology Center Contact fice: Kiran Prayagi, Akurli Road, Kandivali, East Mumbai Phone: Conferences Packaging printing Mumbai Color science Mumbai Industrial Networking Frankfurt Chemnitz University Technology since 1956 world leading institute for print media technologies 150 students, 50 faculty members, 2 pressors interdisciplinary research: printed electronics, digital printing, conventional presses & processes 3 study programmes, one in English (M.Sc.) 2 sources: authors: at

3 Spektrale Farbmessung in der Druckmaschine Kerntechnologie zukünftiger Automatisierungsansätze pmtuc printing lab: web printing (fset, gravure, flexo) 1. future printing 2. automation 3. spectral analysis 3 sources: authors:

4 the past & the future? WORST CASE traditional printing has to change, because the world is changing! 4 sources: Images: print media 2010, Spiegel 25/2010

5 long term view to media innovation writing electronics direct digital printing mail CIP 4 printing labels fset printing rotative & web packaging newspaper gravure Gutenberg s mass printing knowledge society!? modern high-tech world civilization sumerian & egyptian writing phoenician alphabet indian numerals 5 5,000 years ago 500 years ago today sources:

6 changing printing innovation electronics printing imaging writing! did not disappear after invention printing? printed electronics Graphic Arts plotter, ink jet, laser imaging, photo, prepress tech pens handwriting with a wide variety sophisticated writing tools incl.: imaging tools like desktop printer physical functionality mass duplication technical structuring decoration future printing will be defined as an important mass production technology for all types structures 6 5,000 years ago 500 years ago today sources:

7 3PV printed paper photo voltaics a paradigm shift using gravure & flexo printing ordinary paper as substrate cheap functional materials 7 archiving 1,5% power efficiency today aiming 100 days life time, and more featuring very easy handling sources: authors: at

8 the world printing : R&D REQUIREMENTS R&D TRENDS traditional printing developed markets stagnation Emerging markets growing new products & markets printed electronics Process Costs Quality no distinct trend smallest run length labour costs low investment sufficient range technologies available, no R&D focus 1. digital presses increasing capacities is decreasing price level increasing productivity 2. automated press 3. cheap presses killer application? press & work flow automation is the driving force printing press development 8 sources: pmtuc (9/2010)

9 the world printing : market traditional printing developed markets stagnation the power economic laws for market stagnation TRENDS disappearing most the traditional printers (SME) fast growing web-to-print chains a few dominating giants (Arvato/Bertelsmann etc.) forget the traditional understanding quality and color: Simple self-service good-enough will become the standard press & work flow automation is the driving force printing press development 9 sources: pmtuc (9/2010)

10 quality? quality becomes commodity. quality is possible, everytime. quality is no longer a big issue R&D, but only a topic organisation. (high) standard quality instead quality standards! Do not use quality as vanishing point, check it f. 10 sources: pmtuc (9/2010)

11 Spektrale Farbmessung in der Druckmaschine Kerntechnologie zukünftiger Automatisierungsansätze pmtuc printing lab 1. future printing 2. automation 3. spectral analysis 11 sources: authors:

12 the key issues press automation Zero-operator-press reduce the number operators to zero. Only very few control operators at a central unit supervise the whole production plant. One-button-press reduce the requirements in human skills. the press becomes intelligent enough to control the functionality itself. resilience press increase the reliability the system. It has to run in a stable manner, tolerant to mis-adjustments and unexpected conditions. State the Art Benchmark is a pool laser printers: Electro photography is more complex than fset printing, gravure or flexography! Nevertheless a laser printer pool needs only a few operators, restocking the paper and changing toner cartridge. the print jobs are automatically spooled by a server in the prepress department. Is this possible for a printing press, too? It has, unless 12 sources: pmtuc (9/2010)

13 press automation press concept control intelligence specifics understanding the process measurement the process conditions & press status basics influencing the process deal only with physical primary values, which are relevant to the process increase the scientific understanding the printing process look over all four segments the printing process use state the art sensor concepts Smart sensors ink transport substrate transport ink layer formation layer solidifcation 13 sources: pmtuc (6/2010)

14 New approach: NO colormetry process control and subjective feelings the user are totally different topics. Do not mix it up! process control pure physical entities product specification perceptual entities customer expectations technologies for process control support technologies for emotional decisions agree for a common language to specify the print product (CIP4?) 14 sources: pmtuc (9/2010)

15 Spektrale Farbmessung in der Druckmaschine Kerntechnologie zukünftiger Automatisierungsansätze pmtuc printing lab 1. future printing 2. automation 3. spectral analysis 15 sources: authors:

16 the optical spectrum the print as memory the process roller pressure ink control conditions drying process ink formulation raster dots layer thickness layermorphology raster geometry prepress substrate remission substrate internal scattering Neugebauer equation korr. Yule-Nielsen effect Lambert-Beer law spectrum remission color scoring deviations reflection paper wetting color metrics 16 sources: pmtuc (9/2011)

17 developing a»spectral analysis«systems using the spectral remission as integral signal describing the printing process. knowing the process enabling the analysis the spectrum to detect the status the process. we need: high res ]1 nm[ analytical process knowledge calculation power R&D budget analyze measure light printed structure ink substrate 17 sources: pmtuc (9/2010)

18 looking through an Aperture 1. substrate aluminum mirror illuminate a sharp edged spot, receiving a sharp edged spot. printed structure ink substrate light sources: sources: pmtuc (4/2007) authors:, A. Willert 1µm = 0,001 mm pm TUC A-key: Chemnitz

19 Remission through an Aperture 2. substrate Uncoated paper n23581 The edge is blurred and inhomogenious substrate sources: sources: pmtuc (4/2007) authors:, A. Willert A-key: Chemnitz

20 a blurred edge: optical measuring the scattering Aluminum mirror uncoated paper light intensity [rel.units] coated paper the inner conditions the substrate structure define the horizontal light scattering Distance from center [µm] 20 sources: pmtuc (4/2007)

21 detecting the effect in the spectrum Raster dot At the edge a structure like a printed dot, an area with a different color occur because the Yule- Nielsen effect! remission ΔE plain area Smaller structures = higher Yule -Nielsen effect M &Y Y Y Y & M wave length Area Yule-Nielsen effect Yule-nielsen effect leads to a specific spectral deformation M &Y More colors = more difficult Yule-Nielsen effects 21 M&Y sources: pmtuc (4/2007) M M

22 The future color technologies spectral color technologies press automation: to control the press, the physical laws ink layer formation and it s optical effects is necessary time 1990 colormetric exchange definitions CIE L*a*b*... objective quality standards: to get a comparable output different production types (presses, plants, technologies, ) 1965 standardized process definitions: Euroskala, SWAP... ISO standard process: to get a guaranteed quality level print output from one press 1910 process-based color mixture definitions RGB, CMYK... process: to get color mixture out a standard set pigments 1650 material-based color mixture definitions ( recipes ): HKS, Pantone... color: to get a sufficient variety reproducible colored inks 22 sources: pmtuc (4/2007)

23 summary innovation direct saturation? digital printing mail CIP 4 printing labels fset printing rotative & web packaging technologies newspaper in the next decade. gravure electronics knowledge society? writing Inline spectral analysis is a central functionality press automation. sumerian & egyptian writing Gutenberg s mass printing phoenician alphabet indian numerals like writing, printing will stay alive as a good business with strong technical innovations Automatization is the key in the development advanced printing modern high-tech world Much deeper scientific knowledge the physical properties and the behavior the process components is necessary. civilization Because the restricted resources in the printing industry, new ways co-operation are necessary. 23 5,000 years ago 500 years ago today sources:

24 Spektrale Farbmessung in der Druckmaschine Kerntechnologie zukünftiger Automatisierungsansätze Arved Hübler 17. Workshop für Farbbildverarbeitung in Konstanz 29. September 2011 thank you for your attention member Institut für Print- und Medientechnik der TU Chemnitz [Institute for Print and Media Technology at Chemnitz University Technology] Director: Pr. Dr. Arved C. Hübler Reichenhainer Str Chemnitz Germany Phone: Fax: