Applications for cameras with CMOS-, CCD- and InGaAssensors. Jürgen Bretschneider AVT, 2014

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1 Applications for cameras with CMOS-, CCD- and InGaAssensors Jürgen Bretschneider AVT, 2014

development of digital cameras for the visible and the infrared spectrum Standard cameras and also camera solutions for OEM customers Production Company-owned

2 Allied Vision Technologies Profile Foundation: 1989,Headquarters: Stadtroda (Thüringen), Employees: aprox. 265 (2014) Know how: Development and production of high-quality digital cameras for industrial and scientific imaging Research & Development Hardware- and software development of digital cameras for the visible and the infrared spectrum Standard cameras and also camera solutions for OEM customers Production Company-owned production sites(cleanroom) in Stadtroda and Osnabrück (Germany); Burnaby (Canada) Service Consulting teams for distribution and support, worldwide, 24/5 Quality standards Compliance with ISO-9001 and ISO May

3 Optical sensors & electromagnetical spectrum Visible range Parts of the electromagnetic spectrum 30 May

4 Silicon quantum detectors: CCD & CMOS CCD (analog sensor) CMOS (active pixel sensor) A/D conversion outside the sensor A/D conversion on the sensor 30 May

5 Sensors for the visible spectrum: CCD- and CMOS sensors Advantages of CCD: High image quality: Low spatial noise (FPN) Typically low dark current High fillfactor(relationof thephoto sensitive areato thewholepixelarea) generally by larger pixels Perfect global shutter Increased sensitivity Goodsignalqualityat lowlight Modern CCDs with multi tap technologies ntimesreadoutspeedcomparedto single tap sensors Advantages of CMOS: High framerates, evenat high resolution Faster and more flexible readout (e.g. several AOIs) No blooming or smear contrary to CCD High dynamic range HDR mode Acquisition of contrastrich and extremely bright objects Integrated control circuit on the sensor chip More cost-effectiveand lesspower consumptionthancomparableccd sensors 30 May

CCD artifacts blooming and smear Blooming: Charge overflow

action: reduction of the incoming light Smear:

register Corrective action: increase of the exposuretime,

6 CCD artifacts blooming and smear Blooming: Charge overflow (> fullwellcapacity) between neighboring pixels Corrective action: reduction of the incoming light Smear: Duringreadoutphotonsgeneratea chargein the vertical shift register Corrective action: increase of the exposuretime, useofa mechanicalorlcd shutter, use of flash illumination 30 May

sensitivity (+ 6 db) Improved on-chip color filter Increased sensitivity for shorter

7 Sony sensors ExView HAD CCD II TM ICX 687 (2,8 MP), ICX 674 (2,8 MP), ICX 692 (0,95 MP), ICX694 (6 MP), ICX814 (9MP) Improved CCD structure Super HAD CCD II Increased sensitivity (+ 6 db) Improved on-chip color filter Increased sensitivity for shorter wave lengths (blue), More homogenous characteristics of the spectral sensitivity 30 May

8 Sony Exmor CMOS sensors IMX series e.g. IMX 174 (1/1.2, 2,35 MP, 5,86 µm pixel size) Sony s 1 st global shutter CMOS High sensitivity: >75% nm High DNR (> 70 db) based on Sony s CCD pixel technology, saturation capacity: ~ e- Perfect shielded memory- low dark current noise and nearly no unwanted parasitic light High frame rate column parallel A/D conversion (IMX174: 155 fps@10 bit, 120 fps@12 bit) Analog CDS + digital CDS = dual noise reduction Noiseless high-speed data transfer via LVDS higher possible shutter speed, less image blur of fast moving objects and high frame rates MV and ITS applications 30 May

increased NIR sensitivity Sensor with 12

absorption of photons in the red and NIR

9 CMOSIS CMV2000 & CMV4000 NIR sensors ( up to 1000 nm) CMOS variants with increased NIR sensitivity Sensor with 12 µm epitaxial silicon layer increased absorption of photons in the red and NIR spectrum Increase of the quantum efficiency (QE) for wave lengths > 600 nm Doubling of the nm from 8 % to 16 % 30 May

High dynamic range mode (CMOS) Dedicated

is controlled by knee points The response

controlled, the exposure time is automatically

10 High dynamic range mode (CMOS) Dedicated exposure control: the pixels saturation level is controlled by knee points The response curve between the knee points is linearly controlled, the exposure time is automatically controlled For applications with high light intensities (e.g. laser welding, high-contrast objects, night shots with spot lights) Sensor Output 30 May

11 Applications for CCD cameras Acquisition with minimal noise Low light intensities Microscopy Fluorescence microscopy High resolution microscopy Astronomy High resolution and high quality images Bioluminescence / Chemoluminescence Science 30 May

12 Applications for CMOS cameras Laser triangulation for 3D measurements: CameraBonito CL-400B max. framerate : 386 x 1726 pixels max. scan frequency: 5200 profiles per second@ 2320 x 128 pixels 30 May

Applications for CMOS cameras (high speed)

analysis of torsions and oscillations of

CL-400B@ 4MP resolution and 386 frames per

13 Applications for CMOS cameras (high speed) Fast tracking framesper second Applications: Motion analysis for sports and wildlife 3D analysis of torsions and oscillations of objects in awind tunnel (camera Bonito 4MP resolution and 386 frames per second) Generation of slow motion pictures 30 May

.. 30 µs Camera Bonito CL-400B: 2240 x 332 pixels and 2000 frames per second Example: Measuring flow and turbulance of micro particles at an

14 Applications for CMOS cameras (high speed) Particle image velocimetry(piv) Flow analysis(direction and speed) of gases and fluids High framerateswithtwosequentialimageswithin µs Camera Bonito CL-400B: 2240 x 332 pixels and 2000 frames per second Example: Measuring flow and turbulance of micro particles at an airplane s wing Visualizing movement of correlating particles as image sequence through an imaging system Calculation of the particles track to model flow and turbulance Twosequentialimages(within20 30 µs) ofan airflowdoped withoil particlesfor a PIV analysis 30 May

15 InGaAs sensor - applications for SWIR Spectral sensitivity ( nm) 30 May

Essential correction algorithms: Sensor gain offset correction (Equalization of an underlying structure of the sensor)

16 InGaAs sensor Image quality and corrective actions The rawimageofan InGaAssensorcontains due totechnical reasons: Blemish pixels and pixels of alternating brightness Fixed pattern noise Inhomogenous background signal(shading) Image effectsdependon shutterspeedandgain Essential correction algorithms: Sensor gain offset correction (Equalization of an underlying structure of the sensor) Blemishpixelcorrection(Interpolation oftheneighboringpixels) Background image correction(subtraction of a background image recorded before) 30 May

17 Applications for SWIR cameras Fill-level monitoring Early detection of bruised fruit > 1350 nm: water appears dark 30 May

Applications for SWIR cameras Checking the

Inspection of hypodermic needles inside sleeve

18 Applications for SWIR cameras Checking the contacts of a TFT (> 1100 nm: Silicon appears transparent) Electroluminescence inspection of solar cells (Silicon emits 1150 nm) Inspection of hypodermic needles inside sleeve (> 1100 nm: someplasticsappeartransparent) 30 May

Applications for SWIR cameras Authentication

19 Applications for SWIR cameras Authentication of banknotes (> 1200 nm: some printing characteristics become invisible, while the layer underneath becomes visible) Verifying the authenticity of art works (SWIR penetrates the deeper layers of the applied paint) 30 May

20 The right camera for each application Small & Easy: Mako Guppy PRO Smart & Modular: Stingray Manta High-Speed: Bonito Prosilica GX High-Res & High-Performance: Bigeye Prosilica GT Infrared: Goldeye Pearleye 30 May

21 Many thanks for your attention! Questions? Allied Vision Technologies GmbH Taschenweg 2a Stadtroda, Germany Tel.: / Fax: / info@alliedvisiontec.com 30 May

WHITE PAPER. Sensor Comparison: Are All IMXs Equal? Contents. 1. The sensors in the Pregius series

WHITE PAPER. Sensor Comparison: Are All IMXs Equal? Contents. 1. The sensors in the Pregius series WHITE PAPER www.baslerweb.com Comparison: Are All IMXs Equal? There have been many reports about the Sony Pregius sensors in recent months. The goal of this White Paper is to show what lies behind the