Toronto Employment Income Trends by Neighbourhood (Census Tracts), 1960 to 2000

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1 Toronto Employment Income Trends by Neighbourhood (Census Tracts), 1960 to 2000 The following maps and one graph provide a decade-by-decade look at the change in average employment income in Toronto since Employment income is the one piece of information about income that has remained the same in the Canadian Census through the years (see technical notes below). By comparing employment income to the average for the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) within each period, there is no need to adjust for inflation over time. We have colour-coded Toronto s census tracts according to six income categories. Each category represents a range of percentages relative to the CMA average income. All the maps use the same six categories to show areas in which either most residents earn more than the average or most residents earn less than the average. The series of maps shows how incomes in these areas have changed over time. The graph shows changes in the number of census tracts that fall into each of the six income categories for each decade. Between 1960 and 2000, the number of census tracts in which most people were in the two middle-income categories fell, the number in which most residents are in the two higher-income categories rose slightly, and the number in which most residents are in the two lowest income categories rose sharply. The final map shows the entire Toronto Census Metropolitan Area for Most of the areas around the City of Toronto had very small populations in the 1960s and 1970s relative to today, so it is not helpful to map the entire CMA back to This map must be interpreted cautiously, because the large areas north of the cities from Oakville to Pickering have very few people in them relative to the urban areas, so they cannot be compared directly. Technical Notes Definition of employment income in the census: Employment income has been defined in the census since 1961 as the wages and salaries earned by individuals 15 years and over who had a job during all or part of the 12-month period preceding the census. It does not include income from government transfers or investments. People who had no employment income during the 12-month period are not included in the average. There was a slight change between the 1961 and the 1971 censuses. Starting in 1971, income was reported for the January-to-December year before the census year and earnings of self-employed persons were included. In the 1961 census, the period was the 12 months before the census date and earnings from self-employment were not included. Changes in census tract boundaries. Census tracts have about 2,000 to 6,000 people. As population increases, census tracts are subdivided (one census tract becomes two). We mapped employment income data using 2001 census tract boundaries rather than the larger 1961 boundaries to show more detail, since there were more census tracts in 2001 than there were in Census tract changes mainly affect the inner suburbs of the city (generally the northern parts of Etobicoke, North York, and Scarborough). We show the subdivision of some large census tracts in the decades before 2001, assuming that the two new subdivided tracts would have the same average employment income. This may not be the case, but we have no way of knowing. This introduces a small measure of imprecision in the year the census tract was divided, but does not affect the overall view of the general trends in the City. Source of the income data: In the Canadian Census, income data comes from a 20% sample of the population, that is, the one in every five households that fill out the long form in which income is reported. The brief exception to this was the 1971 census, when a one in three (33%) sample was used. These maps are provided the Neighbourhood Change and Building Inclusive Communities from Within research initiative, a Community University Research Alliance (CURA) funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. See: J. David Hulchanski, Director of the Centre for Urban and Community Studies at the University of Toronto, is the Principal Investigator. Susan Pigott, Maureen Fair and Rick Eagan are the project s coordinators from St. Christopher House. Richard Maaranen is the data analyst who produced the maps. Professors Larry Bourne, Bob Murdie and Alan Fair contributed to the analysis leading to these maps.

2 Average Employment Income City of Toronto, 1960 Census Tracts Steeles Ave Yonge St Source: Statistics Canada, Kilometers Bloor St W West Central Toronto CURA Study Area Danforth Ave Average Employment Income compared to CMA** Average, 1960 Census Tract 2001 boundaries shown 150% or More of the CMA Average 120% to 150% of the CMA Average 100% to 120% of the CMA Average City of Toronto's Priority Neighbourhoods (2005) Highways (2005) Subway (2005) Non-Residential Areas in 1961 or No Data Available 90% to 100% of the CMA Average 70% to 90% of the CMA Average Less than 70% of the CMA Average ** CMA = Census Metropolitan Area which includes the City of Toronto plus surrounding suburban municipalities.

3 Average Employment Income City of Toronto, 1970 Census Tracts Steeles Ave Yonge St Source: Statistics Canada, Kilometers Bloor St W West Central Toronto CURA Study Area Danforth Ave Average Employment Income compared to CMA** Average, 1970 Census Tract 2001 boundaries shown 150% or More of the CMA Average 120% to 150% of the CMA Average 100% to 120% of the CMA Average City of Toronto's Priority Neighbourhoods (2005) Highways (2005) Subway (2005) Non-Residential Areas or No Data Available 90% to 100% of the CMA Average 70% to 90% of the CMA Average Less than 70% of the CMA Average ** CMA = Census Metropolitan Area which includes the City of Toronto plus surrounding suburban municipalities.

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5 Average Employment Income City of Toronto, 1990 Census Tracts Steeles Ave Yonge St Source: Statistics Canada, Kilometers Bloor St W West Central Toronto CURA Study Area Danforth Ave Average Employment Income compared to CMA** Average, 1990 Census Tract 2001 boundaries shown 150% or More of the CMA Average 120% to 150% of the CMA Average 100% to 120% of the CMA Average City of Toronto's Priority Neighbourhoods (2005) Highways (2005) Subway (2005) Non-Residential Areas or No Data Available 90% to 100% of the CMA Average 70% to 90% of the CMA Average Less than 70% of the CMA Average ** CMA = Census Metropolitan Area which includes the City of Toronto plus surrounding suburban municipalities.

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7 Percentage of Census Tracts by Employment Income Category City of Toronto, 1960 to % 90% 80% Percentage of Census Tracts 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Less than 70% of the CMA Average 70% to 90% of the CMA Average 90% to 100% of the CMA Average 100% to 120% of the CMA Average 120% to 150% of the CMA Average 150% or More of the CMA Average Source: Statistics Canada, Census 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001

8 Average Employment Income in the Toronto CMA, 2000 Census Tracts Bradford West Gwillimbury Mono New Tecumseth East Gwillimbury CMA = Census Metropolitan Area Orangeville Newmarket Uxbridge King Aurora Whitchurch-Stouffville Caledon Subway (2005) Highways (2005) Muncipal Boundaries (2000) Vaughan Richmond Hill Markham Brampton Pickering Ajax Halton Hills Toronto Milton Source: Statistics Canada, Census 2001 Oakville Mississauga Kilometers No Data Available Average Employment Income compared to CMA Average, 2000 CMA Average = $38, % or More of the CMA Average 120% to 150% of CMA Average 100% to 120% of CMA Average 90% to 100% of CMA Average 70% to 90% of CMA Average Less than 70% of the CMA Average