A Winding Migration: Tracking a Family Across Six States

Transcription

1 A Winding Migration: Tracking a Family Across Six States Introduction Typically migration in the early history of the United States progressed from the eastern coasts to lands west. However, four generations that descended from Thomas Carroll Mitchell and his wife Angeline did not follow this pattern. Instead this family s migratory pattern zig-zagged across the country, guided by pursuit for land, a healthier life or conditions from war that were simply out of the family s control. Four generations of this family left their homes and communities seeking better circumstances for their families. Origins Little is known about their lives before Thomas Carroll Mitchell and his wife Angeline Higdon became a couple. Thomas was born in Tennessee 1 and Angeline in Kentucky. 2 Their life together began in Barren County, Kentucky when they married between 1847 and The first document recording their life together is the 1850 Census for Barren County where they are surrounded by other Mitchell and Higdon families. 4 Only one Thomas Mitchell was enumerated in Barren County during this time and it is likely that the Thomas Mitchell found on the Barren County tax rolls in 1849 and 1850 is the same man. 5 However, Thomas is no longer listed in the tax books for Barren County after By 1852 Thomas had traveled west to Missouri to start his family with Angeline Pension for Ex-Confederate Soldiers, 20 August 1913, Thomas C. Mitchell (Co. G, 2nd Missouri Calvary), application no. 378, certificate no. 378; Confederate Home Pensions, reel S1086, Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City. 2. Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1913), Angeline Mitchel [sic]; Bureau of Vital Statistics, Jefferson City U.S. census, Barren County, Kentucky, population schedule, Division 1, p. 374, dwelling 993, family 1018, Thomas Mitchell household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 4 August 2005); citing NARA microfilm M432, roll 191. There is no tick mark in the column labeled married within the year ; the enumerator instructions indicate that for the 1850 census, they were to ascertain if the couple had been married within the year prior to 1 June For enumerator instructions see Jason G. Gauthier, compiler Measuring America: The Decennial Censuses From 1790 to 2000 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Census Bureau, 2002), p. 11; digital book ( decennial_census.html : accessed 28 August 2014). Thomas was 23 years old and Angeline was 22 years old; there were no children listed with them in the household. Based on their ages and the enumerator s entry on the 1850 census, it is most likely that they were married between 1847 and No marriage record has yet been located U.S. census, Barren Co., Kentucky, pop. sch., p. 374, dwell. 993, fam. 1018, Thomas Mitchell. 5. Barren County, Kentucky, 1849 Tax Book, p. 42, Thomas Mitchell; FHL microfilm 7,868. And Barren County, Kentucky, 1850 Tax Book, p. 44, Thomas Mitchell; FHL microfilm 7, Barren County, Kentucky, Tax Books; all years read for Thomas Mitchell ; FHL microfilm 7,868 7, U.S. census, Cooper County, Missouri, population schedule, Saline township, Gooches Mills post office, p. 58 (penned), dwelling 390, family 390, Thos. C. Mitchell household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 4 August 2005), citing NARA microfilm publication M653, roll 616. In this census, their oldest child Wm J. is 8 years old and indicates all of the children were born in Missouri, placing the family in Missouri by

2 Thomas purchased a parcel of public land from the Federal Government in Saline Township, Cooper County, Missouri in This land was described as the west half of the northwest quarter, section 6, township 47, range 15 and consisted of seventy eight acres and twenty seven and a half hundredths of an acre and was located near Boonville. 9 His real estate value was listed as $800 and his personal estate value was $400, relatively low compared to his neighbors in Farms on either side of Thomas Mitchell s home valued real estate between $1600 and $6400; there were three farms that had a listed value as $400 within six homes of Mitchell s. 10 However, this was likely reasonable for a young man and his growing family. Figure 1 Counties in Eastern Missouri and Western Illinois, depicting the Civil War Prison Camps of Alton in Illinois and Gratiot Street in Missouri. Map drawn by author. Civil War Cooper County was a contentious locale during the Civil War, being occupied by soldiers of one side or the other for most of the war. During the summer of 1861 several incidents occurred near Mitchell s land in Boonville; often citizens of that county had been taken as prisoners, their property and belongings seized and shipped off to Union posts for use by Union soldiers. 11 Cooper County s residents were deeply divided on the issues: Few were actual secessionists, though many were slave holders. Others, including a large German population, were strict Union men. As a result of this divided sentiment, Cooper county suffered a great deal during the war During the four years of conflict the territory was nearly all the time occupied by troops and Boonville citizens were called upon to contribute to first one of the contending forces, then the other Thomas C. Mitchell (Cooper County, Missouri), patent no ; Land Patent Search, digital images, General Land Office Records ( : accessed 7 July 2006). 9. Ibid U.S. census, Cooper Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 58 (penned), dwelling 390, family 390, Thos. C. Mitchell. 11. Henry C. Levens and Nathaniel M. Drake, War History of Cooper County, A History of Cooper County, Missouri: From the First Visit by White Men, in February, 1804, to the 5th Day of July, 1876, (St. Louis: Perrin & Smith, 1876), pp ; digital images, Google Books (books.google.com : accessed 14 July 2014). 12. Col. J. B. Barnes, Short Historical Sketches of Boonville and Vicinity, (Boonville: The Boonville Advertiser, 1928), p. 15; digital images, FamilySearch Books (books.familysearch.org : accessed 14 July 2014). 2

3 Thomas enlisted with the Confederate Army on 1 January 1862 in Springfield for the duration of the war, with Company G, 2nd Regiment in the Missouri Calvary, serving as a teamster. 13 The service records for Mitchell state that he deserted the army near Sardis, Mississippi on 1 November 1863, returned home and took the Oath of Allegiance to the United States. 14 However, in Mitchell s pension application submitted 18 June 1913 he claims that he was captured near Sardis and spent the remainder of the war in the military prison at Alton, Illinois. 15 Indeed, Thomas Mitchell s name does appear in the rolls of the prisoners of Alton Military Prison. 16 He was transferred to Alton Prison on 18 August It is possible that he was imprisoned in Missouri prior to his transfer to Alton and an attempt may have been made to force Mitchell into service in a Union regiment. A letter was written on 12 May 1864, prior to his being transferred to Alton Prison, that reads: 18 Boonville May 12 th 1864 Lieut Swapp, Provost Marshal Tipton Dear Sir I have already given you a few items in regard to one Thomas C Mitchell of Saline Township in this county, who was assigned to Company G [or C] and have since heard further from him. When the company mustered at Big Lick on the 30th ult the commanding officer ordered the flag to be brought out, and this Son of a Bitch said boldly that he would not fight under that flag, (the stars and stripes ) that he was a rebel from the tip of his toes to the top of his head. (Witnesses Herman Smith & Columbus Tally). If such fellows are allowed to remain amongst us alive, God help the Country Yours Truly A H Thompson P.S. Writing my letter suggests to me the idea that if I had a little more authority I would would [sic] soon exempt him from any further service in the enrolled or any other militia except that of the Devil. A.H.T. 13. Compiled service record, Thomas C. Mitchell, Pvt., Co. G, 2nd Missouri Calvary; Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizations From the State of Missouri, microfilm series M380, roll 10; National Archives, Washington, D.C. Also see Thomas C. Mitchell (Co. G, 2nd Missouri Calvary), Pension for Ex-Confederate Soldiers. 14. Historic Roll, in compiled service record, Thomas C. Mitchell, Pvt., Co. G, 2nd Missouri Calvary, dated 1 January 1865; Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizations From the State of Missouri, microfilm series M380, roll 10; National Archives, Washington, D.C. 15. Thomas C. Mitchell (Co. G, 2nd Missouri Calvary), Pension for Ex-Confederate Soldiers. 16. Civil War Prisoner of War Records , digital images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 15 October 2014), unidentified ledger [Gratiot and Myrtle Streets Prisons], p. 112, entry for Thos C Mitchell, no. 650; citing NARA, Selected Records of the War Department Relating to Confederate Prisoners of War, , M598, roll 72. This ledger is untitled; the first pages in the roll show the book cover and inner first pages which are blank, therefore it is unclear where Thomas C. Mitchell was being transferred from. The descriptive pamphlet for this series describes roll 72 as relating to Gratiot and Myrtle Streets Prisons, St. Louis, Mo. 17. Civil War Prisoner of War Records , digital images, Ancestry.com, unidentified ledger [Gratiot and Myrtle Streets Prisons], entry for Thos C Mitchell. 18. Confederate Records, digital images, Fold3 ( : accessed 20 July 2014), A.H. Thompson (Booneville, Missouri) to Lieut. Swapp (Tipton, Missouri), letter, 12 May 1864; citing NARA Unfiled Papers and Slips Belonging in Confederate Compiled Service Records, M347, roll

4 Furthermore, he is listed on the ledger for Confederate prisoners from Gratiot and Myrtle Streets Prisons and being transferred to Alton Prison. 19 On the same day he is recorded in a ledger as having been received at Alton. 20 This might indicate that we was not captured near Sardis, Mississippi and sent to Alton Prison as his pension affidavit states. 21 It would seem that he was at some point captured and held in Missouri and was perhaps given the opportunity (or possibly forced) to fight for the Union in the intervening years and he chose to omit this in his pension application. The conditions at Alton Prison were like many prisoner of war camps during this time in American history. The sanitation and shelter provided to the prisoners was grim; smallpox, infections, and illness due to the elements were all common occurrences. 22 Soldiers diaries can be found giving similar accounts to the provisions given to prisoners, such as that of Thomas Fuller of the 2 nd Tennessee Calvary, who was also imprisoned at Alton Prison and described the conditions: rations are hard crackers with worms in them, fat pork, coffee and raw or about half cooked beans 23 and during the winter it was not very agreeable being out around stoves are crowds of persons shoving, pushing and heaving and setting, fighting at intervals, clothing were issued in the evening to some of the more needy prisoners, water is scarce since turning cold. 24 Mitchell was incarcerated at Alton Prison from 18 August until 18 January 1865 when he was released on $ bond and an Oath of Allegiance. 26 He not only had to take the oath he had refused years earlier but was also required to promise not to reside in or visit the state of [Missouri] during the rebellion. 27 It seems as though Mitchell fully complied with those terms of 19. Civil War Prisoner of War Records , digital images, Ancestry.com, unidentified ledger [Gratiot and Myrtle Streets Prisons], entry for Thos C Mitchell. 20. Civil War Prisoner of War Records , digital images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 18 June 2007), Roll of Prisoners of War Received at Military Prison, Alton, Illinois, unpaginated, entry for Thomas C Mitchell, no. 129; citing NARA Selected Records of the War Department Relating to Confederate Prisoners of War, , M598, roll Thomas C. Mitchell (Co. G, 2nd Missouri Calvary), Pension for Ex-Confederate Soldiers. 22. For a general understanding of the conditions in Civil War military prisons see Lonnie R. Speer, Portals to Hell: Military Prisons of the Civil War (Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books, 1997). Also, Diary of Thomas Fuller, Company E, 2ND Tennessee Cavalry, November 27, June 30, 1865, Smith County Historical and Genealogical Society Quarterly, vol. 10, no. 3 (Summer 1998) through vol. 23, no. 4 (Fall 2011). Thomas Fuller was a prisoner in Alton Prison from September 1863 until April Diary of Thomas Fuller, Company E, 2ND Tennessee Cavalry, November 27, June 30, 1865, Smith County Historical and Genealogical Society Quarterly, vol. 15, no. 1 (Winter 2003), p Diary of Thomas Fuller, Company E, 2ND Tennessee Cavalry, November 27, June 30, 1865, Smith County Historical and Genealogical Society Quarterly, vol. 17, no. 4 (Fall 2005), p Civil War Prisoner of War Records , digital images, Ancestry.com, unidentified ledger [Gratiot and Myrtle Streets Prisons], entry for Thos C Mitchell. 26. Civil War Prisoner of War Records , digital images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 15 October 2014), ledger of Prisoners Released at Alton Military Prison (1865), pp , entry for Thos C Mitchell; citing NARA, Selected Records of the War Department Relating to Confederate Prisoners of War, , M598, roll Confederate Records, digital images, Fold3 ( : accessed 20 July 2014), Oath of Allegiance, Thomas C. Mitchell, 19 January 1965; citing NARA Unfiled Papers and Slips Belonging in Confederate Compiled Service Records, M347, roll 277. The Oath of Allegiance contains his physical description as age 37, 5 foot 10 inches, black hair and black eyes as well as listing his regiment as Company C, 52 Regt. E. M. M. The 52nd Regiment of the Enrolled Missouri Militia was a Union regiment almost entirely composed of men from Cooper County [with] Union sympathies. See The Civil War: The Men, Cooper County Genealogical Web Site ( : accessed 30 October 2014), particularly Muster Roll of the 52nd Regiment EMM. 4

5 his release, residing near Alton. In 1866 he sold his Cooper County land in a deed that describes him and his wife Angeline as being of Macoupin County, Illinois. 28 Alton Military Prison was located in Madison County; Macoupin County is one county to the north of Madison. Also, his daughter Margarett was born in Illinois in about The whereabouts of Mitchell s wife and children during the time of the war are unknown. Angeline would have been left with six young children between the ages of 3 and 10 when he entered the army in 1862 until he was released in During the war, women were forced to take on many more responsibilities than they previously experienced. Often they would not only have the care of their children, but also the farm. They spun, wove, sewed, and darned for their enlisted relatives and neighbors and they occasionally worked for the army for pay doing piece work or as laundresses. 30 Sometimes armies from either side would demand to be fed, requiring cooked meals, or they might confiscate supplies such as horse feed or horses, and other items for their use. 31 Since Cooper County was occupied by either the Union or the Confederate armies for most of the war, Angeline might have been regularly engaged in these activities. After the War After the conclusion of the war, Thomas and Angeline moved their family from Illinois back to Missouri in 1866, this time to Audrain County near the town of Martinsburg which is two counties east of Cooper. 32 The time after the war must have been of some financial hardship for the Mitchell family. Thomas did not purchase land again for 16 years and though he was a farmer he likely rented the land he worked or labored for another farmer. 33 In 1882, Thomas C. Mitchell purchased 40 acres land, half the size of his Cooper County farm, from Charles R. and Sallie J. Burwell located in Upper Loutre Township, Montgomery County, Missouri near the Audrain County line. 34 Mitchell owned this land until he sold it to his daughter and son-in-law Oscar K. and Julia 28. Cooper County, Missouri, Deed Book G2: ; FHL microfilm 947, U.S. census, Audrain County, Missouri, population schedule, Loutre township, Martinsburg post office, p B, dwelling 161, family 145, Margarett (age 4, birthplace Illinois) in Thomas Mitchell household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 4 August 2005), citing NARA microfilm M593, roll 756. However, in the 1880 census Margarett s birthplace is listed as Missouri, but this could be in error since it is unclear who gave the information to the census taker. See 1880 U.S. census, Audrain County, Missouri, population schedule, township of Loutre, enumeration district [ED] 2, supervisor s district [SD] 3, p. 18B, dwelling 150, family 151, Thos. Mitchell household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 4 August 2005), citing NARA microfilm T9, roll 672. Also, the 1870 census is closer to her birth and therefore may be more accurate. No birth or other record has been found for Margarett to corroborate her birthplace. 30. Guerrilla Warfare, Trans-Mississippi Theater Virtual Museum ( : accessed 30 October 2014), particularly Gender Roles. 31. Ibid U.S. census, Audrain Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 510-B, dwell. 161, fam. 145, Thomas Mitchell. 33. In his 1870 census enumeration, he is listed with no real estate U.S. census, Audrain Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 510-B, dwell. 161, fam. 145, Thomas Mitchell. Also, there are no listings for Thomas C. Mitchell in Audrain County deeds for this time period. Audrain County, Missouri, Deed Indexes, Recorder of Deeds, Mexico; FHL microfilms 968,964 (direct and inverted index to vols. A-Z, ), 968,968 item 3 (direct and inverted index to vols. 1-8, ), 968,965 (abstract and index to vol. 1, ), 968,966 (abstract and index to vol. 2-3, ), 968,967 (abstract and index to vol. 4-5, ), 968,968 items 1-2 (abstract and index to vol. 6-7, ), 968,998 (abstract and index to vol. 8-9, ), 968,999 (abstract and index to vol , ), 974,679 (abstract and index to vol , ), 974,680 (abstract and index to vol. 14, ). 34. Montgomery County, Missouri, Deed Book 14: 196; FHL microfilm 974,219. 5

6 (Mitchell) Rummons on 7 July Thomas and Angeline remained in Montgomery County for the remainder of their lives. 36 At the age of eighty-four, Angeline suffered a horrible burn on February at the home of her son J. T. Mitchell. She had been staying there, taking care of her daughter in-law who had been ill. Her obituary told the story: In some manner the elder Mrs. Mitchell s clothing took fire. Her screams attracted the attention of her son, who hastened to the house, but not before his mother had been badly burned. 37 Angeline lived for another 5 days before she died from her injuries on 5 March After his wife s death, Thomas applied for a pension for Confederate Soldiers from the state of Missouri. Confederate states granted pensions to veterans of the Civil War, each state s pensions timelines and requirements varied. The state of Missouri began granting pensions to Confederate veterans in 1913 who were indigent due to wounds, disease or old age and could not perform physical labor or had no means of livelihood. 39 On his application he stated Wife is dead. No property. 40 There is a written statement he made regarding his capture and imprisonment at Alton: I was taken a prisoner at Sardis, Miss in 1865 and confined in prison at Alton, Ill until the close of the war. I therefore never received a discharge from the Confederate States of America. 41 The adjutant general s office returned a letter to the pension office stating that his records indicated that he deserted and took the Oath of Allegiance to the Union, however his application was still approved. 42 Thomas died 29 April 1914, less than one year after he applied for the pension, at the age of He and his wife are buried together in the Wellsville Cemetery in Wellsville, Montgomery County Montgomery County, Missouri, Deed Book 20: 41; FHL microfilm 974, Enumerators were to indicate next to the head of household if the home was owned or rented: A home is to be classed as owned if it is owned wholly or in part by the head of the family living in the home, or by the wife of the head, or by a son, or a daughter, or other relative living in the same house with the head of the family. From Gauthier, Measuring America, 55. However, the 1900 census shows Thomas Mitchell as owning his home. See 1900 U.S. census, Montgomery County, Missouri, population schedule, township of Upper Loutre, enumeration district [ED] 69, supervisor s district [SD] 9, p. 13B, dwelling 261, family 264, Thos. Mitchell household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 4 August 2005), citing NARA microfilm T623, roll 876. No further deeds or land transactions than those already discussed were located for Thomas C. Mitchell in Montgomery County deed records. Montgomery County suffered record losses and many items in the indexes are marked as burned and therefore the deeds do not exist. See Montgomery County, Missouri, Deeds; FHL microfilms 968,757 through 968,761 and 974,188 through 974,222. All deed indexes were read for entries for Thomas C. Mitchell. 37. Mrs. Mitchell, obituary, The Intelligencer, Mexico, Missouri, 13 March 1913, p. 4, c Missouri death certificate no (1913), Angeline Mitchel [sic]. 39. James C. Neagles, Confederate Research Sources (Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1986), Thomas C. Mitchell (Co. G, 2nd Missouri Calvary), Pension for Ex-Confederate Soldiers. 41. Ibid. 42. Thomas C. Mitchell (Co. G, 2nd Missouri Calvary), Pension for Ex-Confederate Soldiers. The document is stamped with Approved on the cover page. 43. Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1914), Thomas Carroll Mitchell; Bureau of Vital Statistics, Jefferson City. 44. Wellsville Cemetery (Montgomery County, Missouri), Thomas C. and Angeline Mitchell tombstone; photographed by author, July

7 GENEALOGICAL SUMMARY FIRST GENERATION 1. Thomas Carroll 1 Mitchell was born 18 September 1826 in Jonesborough, Washington County, Tennessee. 45 He married Angeline (Higdon) likely before 1 June Angeline was born between 1827 and 1828 in Kentucky. 47 She died 5 March 1913 in Martinsburg, Audrain County, Missouri. 48 Thomas died 29 April 1914 in Upper Loutre Township, Montgomery County, Missouri. 49 They are buried together in Wellsville Cemetery, Montgomery County, Missouri. 50 Thomas 1 and Angeline (Higdon) Mitchell were the parents of 11 children: 2 i. WILLIAM JOSEPH 2 MITCHELL was born 2 December 1852 probably in Cooper County, Missouri. 51 He married Clara S. Nichols 13 June 1900 in Hickory County, Missouri. 52 They had eight children. 53 He died 11 July 1914 in LaGrange, Lewis County, Missouri Thomas C. Mitchell (Co. G, 2nd Missouri Calvary), Pension for Ex-Confederate Soldiers U.S. census, Barren Co., Kentucky, pop. sch., p. 374, dwell. 993, fam. 1018, Thomas Mitchell. 47. Angeline Mitchell s death certificate lists her birth date as 4 December 1828, however, the 1900 census, when she would be more likely the informant, the birth month and year is given as November See Missouri death certificate no (1913), Angeline Mitchel [sic] U.S. census, Montgomery Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 13B, dwell. 261, fam. 264, Thos. Mitchell. Additionally, her tombstone gives her birth year as Wellsville Cemetery (Montgomery County, Missouri), Thomas C. and Angeline Mitchell tombstone. 48. Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1913), Angeline Mitchel [sic]; Bureau of Vital Statistics, Jefferson City. Also, Mrs. Mitchell, The Intelligencer, 13 March Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1914), Thomas Carroll Mitchell; Bureau of Vital Statistics, Jefferson City. 50. Wellsville Cemetery (Montgomery County, Missouri), Thomas C. and Angeline Mitchell tombstone. 51. Although his death certificate states that he was born in Martinsburg, Audrain County, Missouri, the family was living in Cooper County, Missouri at the time of the 1860 census. See Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1914), Wm Joseph Mitchell; Bureau of Vital Statistics, Jefferson City. Also, 1860 U.S. census, Cooper Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 58 (penned), dwelling 390, family 390, Thos. C. Mitchell. After Thomas C. Mitchell served in the Civil War the family settled near Martinsburg, Audrain County, Missouri when William was about 14 years old. 52. Hickory County, Missouri, Marriage Licenses vol. 6, p. 96, William J. Mitchell Clara S. Nichols, 13 June 1908; FHL microfilm 946,338. The 1910 census indicates he was married 3 times, however, marriages for the previous two wives have not been located. Searches have been conducted in all known counties of residence: Audrain, Lewis and Hickory counties in Missouri. A William J. Mitchell married to Mary F. Davis was located in an index to Vol. 2 of marriages for Montgomery County, Missouri, however, the actual book for Volume 2 is missing. See Montgomery County, Missouri, Marriage records, ; FHL U.S. census, Lewis County, Missouri, population schedule, Lyon township, enumeration district [ED] 61, supervisor s district [SD] 1, sheet 9B, p (penned), dwelling 200, family 201, William J. Mitchell household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 27 March 2014), citing NARA microfilm T624, roll U.S. census, Harper County, Kansas, population schedule, Eagle township, enumeration district [ED] 83, supervisor s district [SD] 7, sheet 5B, p (penned), dwelling 32, family 33, John Lamphier household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 22 September 2014), citing NARA microfilm T625, roll 533. Clara Mitchell married John Lamphier/Lamfear after William Mitchell died; the children are listed in his household with the surname Mitchell and as Lamphier s step-children in the 1920 census. 54. Missouri death certificate no (1924), Wm Joseph Mitchell. 7

8 3 ii. MARY SUSAN MITCHELL was born 29 January 1853 in Boonville, Cooper County, Missouri. 55 She married George D. Wagoner on 3 August 1870 in Audrain County, Missouri. 56 They had six children. 57 She then married Truman Jeffrey in 1890 and they had one child. 58 Mary Susan married T. W. Carr 27 May 1903 in Chillicothe, Livingston County, Missouri. 59 They divorced in September She then married John F. Cunningham on 6 November 1907 in Corydon, Wayne County, Kansas. 61 Mary Susan died 28 December 1934 in Seymour, Wayne County, Iowa 62 and was buried in Southlawn Cemetery, Wayne County iii. MARTHA ALICE MITCHELL was born 13 April 1854 probably in Cooper County, Missouri. 64 She married William Harvey Long in Audrain County on 17 October She died in Bowling Green, Wood County, Ohio on 8 January U.S. census, Cooper Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 58 (penned), dwelling 390, family 390, Mary S (age 6) in Thos. C. and Angeline Mitchell household. State of Iowa, Department of Health, death certificate, number 35 (1934), Mary S. Cunningham; FHL film 2,450,936. Also, Mrs. Cunningham Funeral Conducted Sunday; Aged 81, obituary, Seymour (Iowa) Herald, 3 January 1935, p. 1, c. 1; digital images, The Digital Archives of Seymour Iowa (seymour.advantagepreservation.com/document/seymour-herald page-1 : accessed 18 August 2014). 56. Audrain County, Missouri, Marriage Records, vol. B-1, p. 165, George D Wagoner Mary S Mitchell, 3 August 1870; Missouri Marriage Records, , digital images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 5 June 2014). 57. Mrs. Cunningham Funeral Conducted Sunday; Aged 81, Seymour (Iowa) Herald, 3 January Livingston County, Missouri, Marriage Records, vol. [8?], p. 64, Truman K Jeffrey Mary S Wagner, 6 February 1892; Missouri Marriage Records, , digital images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 29 September 2014). Also discussed in Mrs. Cunningham Funeral Conducted Sunday; Aged 81, Seymour (Iowa) Herald, 3 January Personal and Local, marriage announcement for T. W. Carr to Mary S. Jeffery, The Chillicothe Constitution, Chillicothe, Missouri, 27 May 1903, p. 3, c. 2; digital images, Newspapers.com ( : accessed 29 September 2014). In the 1910 census, column 8 for Mary Cunningham indicates M4 which signifies that she had been married 4 times. See 1910 U.S. census, Wayne County, Iowa, population schedule, Walnut township, Seymour, enumeration district [ED] 169, supervisor s district [SD] 8, sheet 6B, dwelling 133, family 141, Mary (wife) in John F. Cunningham household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 22 September 2011), citing NARA microfilm T624, roll Court proceedings, divorce judgment, Mary Carr vs. Thos. W. Carr, The Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune, Chillicothe, Missouri, 27 September 1907, p. 1, c. 8; digital images, Newspapers.com ( : accessed 29 September 2014). 61. Wayne County, Iowa, Marriage Records, vol. 10, p. 182, no. 182, J. F. Cunningham Mary Carr, 6 November 1907; FHL microfilm 1,008, State of Iowa, Department of Health, death certificate, number 35 (1934), Mary S. Cunningham; FHL film 2,450, Mrs. Cunningham Funeral Conducted Sunday; Aged 81, Seymour (Iowa) Herald, 3 January Although her death certificate states that she was born in Martinsburg, Audrain County, Missouri, the family was living in Cooper County, Missouri at the time of the 1860 census. Ohio Department of Health, Division of Vital Statistics, death certificate (1944), Martha A. Long; digital images, Ohio, Deaths, , FamilySearch ( : accessed 10 October 2014). For the probable birth location see 1860 U.S. census, Cooper Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 58 (penned), dwelling 390, family 390, Thos. C. Mitchell. 65. Audrain County, Missouri, Marriage Records, vol. B, p. 344, Wm. H. Long M. A. Mitchel [sic], 17 October 1878; FHL film 974,686. For William s middle name Harvey see Ohio death certificate no (1944), William Harvey Long as spouse of Martha A. Long. 66. Ohio death certificate no (1944), Martha A. Long. 8

9 5 iv. SARAH JANE MITCHELL was born 16 October 1855 probably in Cooper County, Missouri. 67 She married John R. Houck on 6 November 1883 in Audrain County. 68 They had eight children. 69 He died sometime between November 1896 and 1 June She died 6 March 1958 in New Florence, Montgomery County, Missouri v. JULIA BELLE MITCHELL was born 6 January 1858, probably in Cooper County, Missouri. 72 She married Oscar K. Rummons on 12 March 1876 in Montgomery County, Illinois. 73 He died on 6 November 1908 in Atwater, Macoupin County, Illinois. 74 Julia died on 2 December 1918 in Macoupin County, Illinois. 75 They are buried together in Bethel Ridge Cemetery, Atwater vi. THOMAS E. MITCHELL was born 4 July 1859 in Cooper County, Missouri. 77 He married Sarah N. Morris in Audrain County, Missouri. 78 She died there on Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1958), Sarah Jane Houck; digital images, Missouri Office of the Secretary of State, Missouri Digital Heritage, ( : accessed 1 October 2014). As with her brother William, even though her death certificate states that Sarah Jane was born in Martinsburg, Audrain County, she was most likely born in Cooper County, Missouri. See 1860 U.S. census, Cooper Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 58 (penned), dwelling 390, family 390, Thos. C. Mitchell. 68. Audrain County, Missouri, Marriage Records, vol. 1, p. 224, John R. Houck Sarah J. Mitchell, 6 November 1883; Missouri Marriage Records, , digital images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 1 October 2014) U.S. census, Audrain County, Missouri, population schedule, Salt River township, Mexico city, enumeration district [ED] 12, supervisor s district [SD] 9, sheet 1B, dwelling 21, family 21, Sarah J. Houk [sic] household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 1 October 2014), citing NARA microfilm T623, roll 837. Also, 1910 U.S. census, Audrain County, Missouri, population schedule, Salt River township, Mexico city, enumeration district [ED] 15, supervisor s district [SD] 4, sheet 19A, p. 196 (stamped), dwelling 25, family 27, Sarah Houck household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 1 October 2014), citing NARA microfilm T624, roll 767. In both of these censuses, she is listed as having had eight children. 70. In the 1900 census Sarah is listed as a widow and her youngest child was born in July See 1900 U.S. census, Audrain Co., Missouri, pop. sch., sheet 1B, dwell. 21, fam. 21, Sarah J. Houk [sic]. 71. Missouri death certificate no (1958), Sarah Jane Houck. 72. The family was living in Cooper County, Missouri at the time of the 1860 census. See 1860 U.S. census, Cooper Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 58 (penned), dwelling 390, family 390, Thos. C. Mitchell. Also, Illinois, State Board of Health, death certificate (1918), Julia Belle Rummons; FHL microfilm 1,544,187. Additionally, a county history for Bond and Montgomery counties lists her as a native of Cooper County, MO. See William Henry Perrin, ed., History of Bond and Montgomery Counties, Illinois (Chicago: O. L. Baskin, 1882), p. 240; digital images, Internet Archive ( : accessed 24 April 2014). 73. Montgomery County, Illinois, Marriage Register, Book 7, p. 19, no. 5539, (1876), Oscar K. Rummons Julia B. Mitchell; FHL film 1,315, Macoupin County, Illinois, death certificate (1908), Oscar Rummons; County Clerk, Carlinville. 75. Illinois death certificate no (1918), Julia Belle Rummons. 76 Find A Grave, database and images ( : accessed 4 April 2014), memorial page for Oscar K. Rummons ( ), Find A Grave Memorial no and Julia B. Rummons ( ), memorial no , citing Bethel Ridge Cemetery, Atwater, Macoupin County, Illinois; photograph by ALMAC (contributor no ). 77. Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1946), Thomas E. Mitchell; Bureau of Vital Statistics, Jefferson City. Also, 1860 U.S. census, Cooper Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 58 (penned), dwelling 390, family 390, Thos. E. (age 1) in Thos. C. Mitchell household. 78. Audrain County, Missouri, Marriage Records, vol. B, p. 352, T. E. Mitchel[sic] Sallie N. Morris, 26 December 1878; FHL film 974,686. 9

10 September He died there on 24 April They are buried together in Benton City Cemetery, Montgomery County vii. MARGRETT MITCHELL was born about viii. LAURA ELIZABETH MITCHELL was born 14 March 1871 probably in Audrain County. 83 She married Lewis A. Schwendker on 11 September 1889 in Montgomery County, Missouri. 84 She died 27 February 1948 at her home in Upper Loutre Township in Montgomery County ix. J. T. MITCHELL whose birth and death are unknown x. UNKNOWN CHILD 12 xi. UNKNOWN CHILD Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1921), Sarah N. Mitchell; digital images, Missouri Office of the Secretary of State, Missouri Digital Heritage, ( : accessed 1 August 2007). 80. Missouri death certificate (1946), Thomas E. Mitchell. 81. Benton City Cemetery (Montgomery County, Missouri), Thomas E. and Sarah N. Mitchell tombstone; photographed by author, October Margarett was living with her parents in the 1870 and 1880 censuses, but was out of their home by the 1900 census U.S. census, Audrain Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 510-B, dwell. 161, fam. 145, Margrett (age 4) in Thomas Mitchell household U.S. census, Audrain Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 18B, dwell. 150, fam. 151, Margaret (age 14) in Thos. Mitchell household U.S. census, Montgomery Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 13B, dwell. 261, fam. 264, Thos. Mitchell, no children in household. 83. Laura s parents lived in Audrain County during both the 1870 and 1880 censuses. While it is not impossible for her to have been born in Montgomery County, as her death certificate states, it is more likely she was born in the home of her parents U.S. census, Audrain Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 18B, dwell. 150, fam. 151, Laura (age 9) in Thos. Mitchell household. Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1948), Laura Elizabeth Schwendker; digital images, Missouri Office of the Secretary of State, Missouri Digital Heritage, ( : accessed 1 August 2007). 84. Montgomery County, Missouri, Marriage Records, book 3, p. 60, Louis A. Schwendker Laura E. Mitchell, 11 September 1889; FHL film 974, Missouri death certificate no (1948), Laura Elizabeth Schwendker. 86. Mrs. Mitchell obituary states that she died at the home of her son J. T. Mitchell, east of Mexico. None of her other known children have those initials. See Mrs. Mitchell, The Intelligencer, 13 March Thomas Mitchell s obituary states that he and Angeline were the parents of twelve children. See Thomas Carroll Mitchell, The Intelligencer, 30 April However, the 1900 and 1910 censuses, when Angeline herself may have been answering the census questions, state that Angeline was the mother of eleven children, not twelve, eight of whom were still living during those two censuses. The identities of two of those children have not been discovered. See 1900 U.S. census, Montgomery Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 13B, dwell. 261, fam. 264, Thos. Mitchell. Also 1910 U.S. census, Montgomery County, Missouri, population schedule, Upper Loutre township, enumeration district [ED] 111, supervisor s district [SD] 9, sheet 5A, p. 150, dwelling 99, family 103, T. C. Mitchell household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 4 August 2005), citing NARA microfilm T624, roll

11 SECOND GENERATION 4. Martha Alice 2 Mitchell (Thomas 1 ) was born 13 April 1854 probably in Cooper County, Missouri. 88 She married William Harvey Long in Audrain County on 17 October He died 22 August 1938 in Bowling Green, Wood County, Ohio. 90 She died in Bowling Green, Wood County, Ohio on 8 January Martha and Harvey are buried next to each other in Weaver Cemetery, near North Baltimore, in Wood County. 92 Proof Summary Martha Alice Mitchell was the third of Thomas C. and Angeline (Higdon) Mitchell s children. While no birth records exist for this time period in Missouri, several independent sources corroborate the identity of her parents. Census records place a child named Martha or Martha A. in the household of Thomas C. and Angeline Mitchell. In the 1860 census of Saline Township, Cooper County in the Mitchell household is Martha A. age Listed in the 1870 census of Loutre Township, Audrain County is Martha age While neither of these censuses indicated the individual s relationship to the head of household, Martha s death certificate gives her parents as Thomas Mitchell and Angeline. 95 The informant on this death certificate was Sadie Solether, Martha s daughter, who most likely knew and remembered her grandparents, Thomas and Angeline; as the oldest of Martha s children, Sadie would have been 21 years old when her family moved from Missouri to Ohio, and 35 years old when Thomas died. In addition to her own death certificate, almost all of Martha s siblings death certificates also indicate some variation of Thomas C. and Angeline Mitchell as their parents. All of these death certificates have independent informants (see Table 1). 88. Although her death certificate states that she was born in Martinsburg, Audrain County, Missouri, the family was living in Cooper County, Missouri at the time of the 1860 census. Ohio death certificate no (1944), Martha A. Long. For the probable birth location see 1860 U.S. census, Cooper Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 58 (penned), dwelling 390, family 390, Thos. E. (age 1) in Thos. C. Mitchell household. 89. Audrain County, Missouri, Marriage Records, vol. B, p. 344, (1878), Long Mitchel. 90. Ohio death certificate, no (1938), William H. Long. 91. Ohio death certificate no (1944), Martha A. Long. 92. Weaver Cemetery (Bloom Township, Wood County, Ohio; at the intersection of Eagleville and Baridstown Roads, 3.5 miles east of North Baltimore), Martha A. and William H. Long tombstones; photographed by author, 5 July U.S. census, Cooper Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 58 (penned), dwelling 390, family 390, Thos. C. Mitchell U.S. census, Audrain Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 510-B, dwell. 161, fam. 145, Thomas Mitchell. 95. Ohio death certificate no (1944), Martha A. Long. 11

12 Table 1 Name of sibling Parents names as they appear on death certificate Death certificate informant William J. Mitchell a Thomas Mitchel and Adaline Rankins Clara Mitchell, his spouse Mary Susan (Mitchell) Thomas Mitchell and Angeline Higdon John Cunningham, her spouse Cunningham b Martha Alice (Mitchell) Thomas Mitchell and Angeline Sadie Solether, daughter Long c Sarah Jane (Mitchell) no names given Mrs. William Bybe, unknown Houck d relation Julia Belle (Mitchell) Thos. Mitchell and Higdon Margie Groves, daughter Rummons e Thomas E. Mitchell f Thomas Mitchell and Angeline Thomas Mrs. Grover (Mammie) Weber, daughter Margarett Mitchell death certificate not located Margaret Elizabeth Thomas Mitchell and Angeline Higden Lester Schwendker, son (Mitchell) Schwendker g J. T. Mitchell death certificate not located a. Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1914), Wm Joseph Mitchell; digital images, Missouri Office of the Secretary of State, Missouri Digital Heritage, ( : accessed 29 September 2014). b. State of Iowa, Department of Health, death certificate, number 35 (1934), Mary S. Cunningham; FHL film 2,450,936. c. Ohio Department of Health, Division of Vital Statistics, death certificate (1944), Martha A. Long; digital images, Ohio, Deaths, , FamilySearch ( : accessed 10 October 2014). d. Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1958), Sarah Jane Houck; digital images, Missouri Office of the Secretary of State, Missouri Digital Heritage, ( : accessed 1 October 2014). e. Illinois, State Board of Health, death certificate (1918), Julia Belle Rummons; FHL microfilm 1,544,187. f. Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1946), Thomas E. Mitchell; Bureau of Vital Statistics, Jefferson City. g. Missouri State Board of Health, death certificate (1948), Laura Elizabeth Schwendker; digital images, Missouri Office of the Secretary of State, Missouri Digital Heritage, ( : accessed 1 August 2007). Therefore there is little question that Martha s parents are correctly identified as Thomas C. and Angeline (Higdon) Mitchell. 12

13 Origins William Henry Harvey Long, Martha Mitchell s husband, was the fourth child of five born to William and Sarah (Metsger) Long born on 2 December 1852 in Van Buren, Hancock County. 96 When he was just nine years old, his father was killed in a horrible accident. Harvey s father was remodeling a mill in Gilboa, Putnam County, Ohio in August 1861, and when he went to sharpen a tool on the mill, his clothing became caught in the belts and he was pulled into the machinery. 97 When Harvey s father died he left his wife with five young children to care for. The oldest child, a daughter named Eliza E. Long married just one year later to James Byal in Hancock County. 98 After his father s death, Harvey, 19 years of age, and his sister Violet, 14 years of age, moved to Chariton County, Missouri with Valentine Wineland. Valentine was likely the brother of Harvey s sister-inlaw, Susanna (Wineland) Long 99 who married Harvey s older brother John Wesley Long. 100 Harvey took a job as a farm laborer with Marion McEmmery 101 while Violet lived at home with Valentine and his family. 102 It is unclear at this time how Harvey and Martha met, but they were married on 17 October 1878 at Thomas Mitchell s residence in Audrain County, which is just two counties to the east from Chariton County. 103 The couple resided in Audrain County until they moved the family back to Wood County, Ohio in 1900 for unknown reasons. 104 Sometimes people set out to make a better life and don t make it requiring they return home. The couple s two oldest children were perhaps sent ahead since they are found living with extended family members at the time of the census, while the mother, father and younger children have not been located, perhaps because 96. Ohio death certificate, no (1938), William H. Long. Also Van Buren Native Dies in B. Green, The Republican Courier, Findlay, Ohio, 23 August 1938, p. 10, c. 3. And J. H. Beers, Commemorative, Historical and Biographical Record of Wood County, Ohio. (Chicago: J.H. Beers and Co, 1897), Beers, Commemorative Record of Wood County, And Sad Accidents, William Long obituary, Hancock Courier, Findlay, Ohio, 23 August 1861, p. 3, c Hancock County, Ohio, marriage record, p. 184, no. 113, James Byal Eliza Long, 7 September 1862; digital image, Ohio County Marriages, , FamilySearch ( : accessed 15 October 2014). 99. Valentine and Susanna are found in the same family group in the 1850 census and are of the right ages to be siblings, however, the 1850 census does not indicate how the individuals are related to the head of household. See 1850 U.S. census, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, population schedule, Sewickley township, p. 263 (penned), dwelling 172, family 172, Valentine (age 24) and Susannah (age 15) in Benjamin Wineland household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 18 October 2014) citing NARA microfilm M432, roll Hancock County, Ohio, Marriage Records, vol. 5, , p. 151, John W. Long Susan A. Wineland, 16 August 1868; digital images, Ohio, County Marriages, , FamilySearch ( : accessed 15 August 2014) U.S. census, Chariton County, Missouri, population schedule, Township 55, Range 20, Brunswick post office, p. 110, dwelling 719, family 759, Harvey Long (age 19, birthplace Ohio) in Marion McEmmery household; digital images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 18 October 2014); National Archives microfilm publication, M593, roll U.S. census, Chariton County, Missouri, population schedule, Township 55, Range 20, Brunswick post office, p. 116, dwelling 763, family 805, Violett Long (age 14, birthplace Ohio) in Valentine Wineland household; digital images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 18 October 2014); National Archives microfilm publication, M593, roll Audrain County, Missouri, Marriage Records, vol. B, p. 344, (1878), Long Mitchel [sic] Mrs. Martha Long Taken By Death, obituary, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, Bowling Green, Ohio, 10 April 1944, p. 1, c. 1. Martha s obituary states that she had been a resident of Wood County since

14 they were still in transit. 105 Their oldest child, Sadie Long was living in North Baltimore, Wood County with Frank and Maggie Long, listed as their cousin. 106 Frank Long was Benjamin Franklin Long, the son of John Wesley Long, Harvey s brother. 107 Their second child, Ida Long, was living in Bloom Township, Wood County with Charles and Martha Brandeberry and their family and also listed as a cousin. 108 Martha was Martha Long, daughter of John Wesley Long and sister to Benjamin Franklin Frank Long. 109 After returning to Wood County, Harvey continued working as a farmer. He was also a member of the Church of Christ and a trustee of Bloom Township. 110 Their son-in-law Charles Solether died at a young age in 1918, leaving Sadie with no children. 111 Harvey and Martha lived with Sadie at 1108 East Wooster Street in Bowling Green after Charles death. 112 Harvey died on 22 August 1938 in Bowling Green, Wood County. 113 Martha died 8 January 1944 in Bowling Green. 114 Harvey and 105. Ancestry.com ( : accessed 16 November 2014), searches done for the parents and children individually on a variety of search terms such as variant spellings of Long (Lang, Song) as well as searching by birthplace of parents, searching for all of the children s names and variant spellings, and by approximate ages, in both Ohio and Missouri; none of the younger children have been located using these search techniques U.S. census, Wood County, Ohio, population schedule, Henry township, North Baltimore, enumeration district [ED] 143, supervisor s district [SD] 207, sheet 13A, dwelling 282, family 300, Sadie Long (age 20) in Frank Long household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 11 November 2014) citing NARA microfilm T623, roll U.S. census, Hancock County, Ohio, population schedule, Cass township, enumeration district [ED] 175, supervisor s district [SD] 1, p. 4, dwelling 31, family 32, Benjamin (age 11) in John W. Long household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 15 May 2014); citing NARA microfilm publication T9, roll Also, for full name and parents names see Ohio Department of Health, Division of Vital Statistics, death certificate (1953), Benjamin Franklin Long; digital images, Ohio, Deaths, , FamilySearch ( : accessed 10 October 2014) U.S. census, Wood County, Ohio, population schedule, Bloom township, enumeration district [ED] 208, supervisor s district [SD] 136, sheet 2B, dwelling 30, family 30, Ida Long (age 18) in Charles Brandeberry household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 11 November 2014) citing NARA microfilm T623, roll U.S. census, Hancock County, Ohio, population schedule, Cass township, enumeration district [ED] 175, supervisor s district [SD] 1, p. 4, dwelling 31, family 32, Martha (age 7) in John W. Long household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 15 May 2014); citing NARA microfilm publication T9, roll Also see Ohio Department of Health, Division of Vital Statistics, death certificate (1951), Martha Frances Brandeberry; digital images, Ohio, Deaths, , FamilySearch ( : accessed 10 October 2014) William H. Long, Former Trustee of Bloom, Dies, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, Bowling Green, Ohio, 23 August 1938, p. 2, c Charles Solether Died on Sunday, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, Bowling Green Ohio, 26 August 1918, p. 1, c U.S. census, Wood County, Ohio, population schedule, Center township, Bowling Green, 2nd Ward, enumeration district [ED] 147, p. 216 (stamped), sheet 1A, dwelling 7, family 7, Wm. H. Long household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 18 August 2014) citing NARA microfilm T625, roll U.S. census, Wood County, Ohio, population schedule, Center township, Bowling Green, 2nd Ward, enumeration district (ED) 87-7, sheet 4B, dwelling 104, family 117, William H. Long household; digital image Ancestry.com ( : accessed 23 December 2011); citing National Archives microfilm publication T626, roll U.S. census, Wood County, Ohio, population schedule, Center Township, Bowling Green Ward 2, enumeration district [ED] 87-9, supervisor s district [SD] 13, sheet 4B, p. 78 (stamped), dwelling 90, line 47-48, Sadie Solether household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 4 April 2012), citing NARA microfilm T627, roll Ohio death certificate, no (1938), William H. Long Ohio death certificate no (1944), Martha A. Long. 14

15 Martha are buried in Weaver Cemetery, near North Baltimore which is south of Bowling Green and was home to many of the members of the Long family. 115 William Harvey and Martha Alice 2 (Mitchell) Long were the parents of seven children: 13 i. SARAH H. 3 SADIE LONG was born 20 December 1879 probably in Audrain County, Missouri. 116 She married Charles F. Solether on 17 November 1909 in Jackson County, Michigan. 117 Charles was born 2 June 1872 in Jerry City, Wood County, Ohio. 118 He died 25 August 1918 at the Toledo State Hospital, Lucas County, Ohio from a nervous affliction. 119 Sadie died 6 May 1958 in Bowling Green, Wood County, Ohio. 120 They had no children ii. IDA BELL LONG was born 5 October 1881 in Martinsburg, Audrain County, Missouri. 122 Ida married David Frank Drake on 16 February 1902 in Wood County, Ohio. 123 David was born 3 January 1873 in Bloom Township, Wood County, Ohio. 124 He died 18 October 1934 in Toledo, Lucas County, Ohio. 125 She died 27 September 1947 in Toledo, Lucas County, Ohio Weaver Cemetery (Bloom Township, Wood County, Ohio; at the intersection of Eagleville and Bairdstown Roads, 3.5 miles east of North Baltimore), William H. and Martha A. Long tombstone; photographed by author, 5 July State of Ohio Department of Health, death certificate, number (1958), Sadie Solether; FHL film 2,032,331. For specific birth location see Sadie Solether Dies At Age 78, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, 6 May Jackson County, Michigan, Marriage Licenses, 1909, no. 476, Chas. F. Solether Sadie A. Long, 17 November 1909; digital images, Michigan, County Marriages, , FamilySearch ( : accessed 12 October 2014) Wood County, Ohio, Birth Records, vol. 1, , for year ending 31 March 1873, p. 108, no. 220, Charles F. Solether; FHL film 422, State of Ohio Department of Health, death certificate, number (1918), Charles F. Solether; FHL film 1,984,382. Also, Charles Solether Died on Sunday, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, 26 August However, no record was found in Audrain County, Missouri, Permanent Record of Births ( ) ; County Clerk, Mexico Ohio death certificate, no (1958), Sadie Solether Charles Solether s obituary specifically states that the couple had no children. Sadie s does not mention children at all. See Charles Solether Died on Sunday, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, 26 August And Sadie Solether Dies At Age 78, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, 6 May State of Ohio Department of Health, death certificate, number (1947), Ida B. Drake; FHL film 2, Also, Former Resident Dies in Toledo, Ida Drake obituary, The Daily Sentinel Tribune, 29 September 1947, p. 1, c Wood County, Ohio, Marriage Records, vol. 13, p. 101, no. 9841, David F. Drake Ida B. Long, 16 February 1902; FHL microfilm 409, Wood County, Ohio, Birth Records, vol. 1, , for year ending 31 March 1874, p. 126, no. 19, David F. Drake; FHL film 422, State of Ohio Department of Health, death certificate, number (1934), David Frank Drake; FHL film 2,022, Ohio death certificate, no (1947), Ida B. Drake. 15

16 15 iii. WILLIE TOMMIE LONG, a daughter, was born 16 September 1884 in Loutre Township, Audrain County, Missouri. 127 She died from dysentery just before her first birthday on 20 August 1885 in Loutre Township iv. EMMA JANE LONG was born 25 February 1886 in Audrain County, Missouri. 129 Emma married Wilbur Alton Burgoon on 24 April 1912 in Hillsdale, Hillsdale County, Michigan. 130 Wilbur was born 29 March 1886 in Muskeegan, Michigan. 131 She died 29 March 1932 in Toledo, Lucas County, Ohio from injuries sustained in an auto versus train accident. 132 She is buried in Oak Grove Cemetery in Bowling Green, Wood County, Ohio v. LUCY ALICE LONG was born 24 March 1888 probably in Audrain County, Missouri. 134 She married Sanford Lloyd Sly on 28 April 1913 in Windsor, Essex, Ontario, Canada. 135 She died 20 November 1980 in Maryvale Hospital, Buckeye, Maricopa County, Arizona Audrain County, Missouri, Permanent Record of Births ( ), p. 54, no. 519, Willie Long (female); County Clerk, Mexico Audrain County, Missouri, Permanent Record of Deaths ( ), p. 25, no. 452, Willie Tommie Long (female); County Clerk, Mexico State of Ohio Department of Health, death certificate, number (1932), Emma J. Burgoon; Ohio, Deaths, , digital image, FamilySearch, ( : accessed 26 March 2010) Hillsdale County, Michigan, Marriage Returns, 1912, no. 7436, Wilbur Alton Burgoon Emma Jane Long, 24 April 1912; digital images, Michigan, County Marriages, , FamilySearch ( : accessed 12 October 2014) Muskeegon County, Michigan, Birth Returns, for 1886, p. 168, Wilbur A. Burgoyn; digital images, Michigan, Births, , FamilySearch ( : accessed 14 October 2014). See also United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, , images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 11 April 2010), card for Wilbur Alton Burgoon, serial number 2918, order number 4241, Draft Board 6, St. Louis, Missouri; citing NARA film M1509, roll And United States World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942, images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 11 April 2010), card for Wilbur Alton Burgoon, serial number 901, order number [blank], Local Board Fostoria, Seneca County, Ohio; citing Selective Service Registration Cards, World War II: Fourth Registration, NARA RG 147, NAI for Ohio. Both draft registrations give his full name and the same birth date Ohio death certificate, no (1932), Emma J. Burgoon. For details on the accident see Three Hurt in Crossing Crash on E. Wooster, The Daily Sentinel Tribune, Bowling Green, Ohio, 14 March 1932, p. 1, c. 3. Also, Mrs. Burgoon (Emma Jane Long) Died At Hospital, The Daily Sentinel Tribune, Bowling Green, Ohio, 29 March 1932, p. 1, c Oak Grove Cemetery (Bowling Green, Wood County, Ohio), Emma Burgoon tombstone; photographed by author, 6 May And, Ohio death certificate, no (1932), Emma J. Burgoon Lucy s marriage record lists her birth place as Missouri. See Essex County, City of Windsor, Ontario, Canada, marriage certificate no (1913), Sanford Sly Lucy Long; digital images, Ontario, Canada, Marriages, , Ancestry.com ( : accessed 29 December 2011). Considering the family s location in the 1880 census, Audrain County, Missouri is the most likely place for her birth. See 1880 U.S. census, Audrain County, Missouri, population schedule, Loutre Township, enumeration district [ED] 2, supervisor s district [SD] 3, p. 44A, dwelling 139, family 140, Wm. H. Long household; digital images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 17 November 2014), citing NARA microfilm T9, roll Essex County, Ontario, Canada, marriage certificate no (1913), Sly Long Arizona Department of Health Services, death certificate (1980), Lucy Alice Sly; Office of Vital Records, Phoenix. Also, Lucy A. Sly, obituary, The Arizona Republic, Phoenix, 22 November 1980, section F2, p

17 18 vi. CLARA J. LONG was born 24 January 1890 in Martinsburg, Audrain County, Missouri. 137 She married Floyd Henry Bullis on 22 April 1911 in Wood County, Ohio. 138 Floyd was born 23 December 1889 in Plain Township, Wood County, Ohio. 139 He died 26 January 1967 in Bowling Green, Wood County, Ohio. 140 Clara died 5 August 1975 in Bowling Green vii. CARRILL C. CARRIE LONG was born about 1892 in Missouri, probably Audrain County. 142 Carrie married Harry Rudd on 29 Jun 1918 in Monroe, Monroe County, Michigan. 143 Harry was born 2 November 1895 in Tontogany, Wood County, Ohio. 144 The couple moved to Fort Wayne, Allen County, Indiana to live near their daughter Jane Neukam in about Carrie died there on 12 July He 137. Mrs. Floyd Bullis, obituary, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, Bowling Green, Ohio, 5 August 1975, p. 2, c. 3. Additionally, her birth is listed on her son s death certificate as Martinsburg, MO. See State of Ohio Department of Health, death certificate, number (1944), William Dean Bullis; Ohio, Deaths, , digital image, FamilySearch, ( : accessed 29 November 2013). While a mother s birth information on a child s death certificate is farther away in time from the event, it does corroborate other documents with the same or similar information. Furthermore, Dean is still living with his parents in 1940, just 4 years before his death at age 22; the informant on his death certificate was his wife Mildred. The fact that his parents were still alive at the time of his death makes it more likely that his wife knew or could obtain the correct information on her mother-in-law s birth. See 1940 U.S. census, Wood County, Ohio, population schedule, Plain Township, enumeration district [ED] 87-48B, supervisor s district [SD] 13, sheet 2A, p. 572 (stamped), dwelling 28, line 16-19, Dean (age 18) in Floyd Bullis household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 15 July 2014), citing NARA microfilm T627, roll Wood County, Ohio, marriage certificate no (penned) 380 (stamped) (1911), Floyd H. Bullis Clara J. Long; digital images, Ohio, County Marriages, , Ancestry.com ( : accessed 25 December 2011) Wood County, Ohio, birth records, v. 3, p. 18, no. 96, Floyd Henry Bullis; digital images, Ohio, County Births, , FamilySearch ( : accessed 26 April 2010) Floyd H. Bullis, obituary, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, Bowling Green, Ohio, 27 January 1967, p. 2, c State of Ohio Department of Health, death certificate, number (1975), Clara J. Bullis; FHL film 2,032, None of the documents located thus far for Carrie Rudd specifically indicate her birthplace as Audrain County, Missouri, yet based on the birth locations of her siblings and the location of the family unit prior to 1900, Audrain County is a reasonable estimate given the evidence. See 1910 U.S. census, Wood County, Ohio, population schedule, Bloom township, enumeration district [ED] 178, supervisor s district [SD] 8, sheet 15A, p. 151, dwelling 345, family 345, Carril C. (daughter, age 18, birth place Missouri) in Wm. H. Long household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 24 March 2010), citing NARA microfilm T624, roll Also her marriage record, which lists her parents as W.H. Long and Martha Mitchell, further gives her birthplace as Missouri. See Monroe County, Michigan, marriage record, p. 96, no. 528, Harry Rudd Carrie Long, 29 June 1918; digital image, Michigan Marriages, , FamilySearch ( : accessed 27 March 2010) Monroe County, Michigan, marriage record, p. 96, no. 528, (1918), Rudd Long Wood County, Ohio, Birth records, vol. 3, p. 213, no. 78, Harry Rudd (1895); FHL film 422,270. Also, Harry J. Rudd obituary, The Sentinel-Tribune, Bowling Green, Ohio, 6 January 1970, p. 2, c Mrs. Harry Rudd (Carrie Long), obituary, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, Bowling Green, Ohio, 13 July 1967, p. 2, c Ibid. 17

18 died on 5 January 1970 while visiting family in Hicksville, Defiance County, Ohio. 147 They share a tombstone in Tontogany Cemetery, Wood County, Ohio viii. MARTHA W. LONG was born 13 July 1894 in Martinsburg, Audrain County, Missouri. 149 Martha married Jacob Hentges on 4 November 1914 in Bowling Green, Wood County, Ohio. 150 Jacob was born 30 July 1889 in Custar, Milton Township, Wood County, Ohio. 151 He died 14 February 1957 in Liberty Township, Wood County, Ohio. 152 Martha died 24 January 1979 in Bowling Green. 153 They are both buried in St. Louis Cemetery in Custar ix. WILLIAM WESLEY WILLIE LONG, the only son of Harvey and Martha Long, was born 22 November 1897 in Audrain County, Missouri. 155 At just ten years old, he died from diphtheria on 13 January 1908 in Bloom Township, Wood County, Ohio. 156 He is buried in Weaver Cemetery Harry J. Rudd, The Sentinel-Tribune, 6 January Also, Find A Grave, database and images ( : accessed 12 October 2014), memorial page for Harry Rudd, memorial no , citing Tontogany Cemetery, Wood County, Ohio; photograph by Leroy Higley (contributor no ). And Harry Rudd, obituary, Toledo Blade, Ohio, 7 January 1970, p. unknown (clipping); copy of obituary provided by request from the Toledo- Lucas County Public Library Blade Obituary Index, ( : accessed 12 October 2014) Find A Grave, database and images ( : accessed 12 October 2014), memorial page for Carrie Rudd ( ), memorial no , and Harry Rudd, memorial no , (shared tombstone), citing Tontogany Cemetery, Wood County, Ohio; photograph by Leroy Higley (contributor no ) Mrs. Jacob Hentges (Martha Long), obituary, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, Bowling Green, Ohio, 26 January 1979, p. 2, c Wood County, Ohio, Marriage Records, vol. 17, p. 562, Jacob Hentges Martha Long, 4 November 1914; FHL film 409, U.S. census, Wood County, Ohio, population schedule, Milton township, enumeration district [ED] 148, supervisor s district [SD] 207, sheet 16A, dwelling 330, family 330, Jacob (age 10) in Joseph Hentges household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 15 July 2014), citing NARA microfilm T623, roll Also see United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, , images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 11 April 2010), card for Jacob Hentges, no. 52, Liberty West Precinct, Wood County, Ohio; citing NARA film M1509, roll Also, United States World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942, images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 11 April 2010), card for Jacob Hentges, serial number 1149, order number [blank], Local Board #1 Wood County, Ohio; citing Selective Service Registration Cards, World War II: Fourth Registration, NARA RG 147, NAI for Ohio State of Ohio Department of Health, death certificate, number (1957), Jacob Hentges; FHL film 2,032,331. Also, Jacob Hentges obituary, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, Bowling Green, Ohio, 15 February 1957, p. 2, c Mrs. Jacob Hentges, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, 26 January Mrs. Jacob Hentges, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, 26 January Also, Jacob Hentges, The Daily Sentinel- Tribune, 15 February Wood County, Ohio, Report of Deaths, vol. 3, p. 149, Year ending 31 May 1908, number 8, William Wesley Long; FHL film 422, Ibid Weaver Cemetery (Bloom Township, Wood County, Ohio; at the intersection of Eagleville and Bairdstown Roads, 3.5 miles east of North Baltimore), Willie Long tombstone; photographed by author, 5 July

19 22 x. UNKNOWN CHILD 158 THIRD GENERATION 17. Lucy Alice 3 Long (Martha 2 Mitchell, Thomas 1 ) was born 24 March 1888 probably in Martinsburg, Audrain County, Missouri. 159 She married Sanford Lloyd Sly on 28 April 1913 in Windsor, Essex, Ontario, Canada. 160 Sanford was born on 28 June 1884 in Bowling Green, Wood County, Ohio 161 and died on 20 December 1962 in Maryvale Hospital, Buckeye, Maricopa County, Arizona. 162 Lucy died 20 November 1980 also in Maryvale Hospital. 163 Sanford and Lucy Sly were buried in Louis B. Hazelton Memorial Cemetery in Buckeye. 164 Proof Summary Lucy Alice (Long) Sly has not been located on a census record with her parents. She was born after the 1880 census, the 1890 census no longer exists for the locations they are expected to have lived and the family was likely moving from Missouri to Ohio during the 1900 census. Linking Lucy to her parents required an examination of a variety of sources. The proof of her parental link lies in family tradition and is corroborated by documentary information. Two documents specifically state the names of Lucy s parents: Lucy (Long) Sly s death certificate lists her parents as Harvey Long and Martha Mitchell and her birthplace as Missouri. 165 Her son Bill Sly was the informant on the death certificate and he was 15 years old when Harvey died. Lucy (Long) Sly s marriage record to Sanford Sly lists her parents as WH Long and Martha Mitchell. 166 The bride and groom are usually the informants on their own marriage record. Six of Lucy Long s siblings have obituaries that identify their parents: 158. Martha Long was enumerated as having been the mother of 10 children, 7 of whom were still living at the time of the 1910 census. Nine of those children have been accounted for. See 1910 U.S. census, Wood County, Ohio, pop. sch., p. 151, dwell. 345, fam. 345, Wm. H. Long Her marriage record lists her birth place as Missouri. See Essex County, Ontario, Canada, marriage certificate no (1913), Sly Long. Combined with her siblings birthplaces and the family location in the 1880 census, Audrain County, Missouri is the most likely place for her birth. See 1880 U.S. census, Audrain Co., Missouri, pop. sch., p. 44A, dwell. 139, fam. 140, Wm. H. Long Essex County, Ontario, Canada, marriage certificate no (1913), Sly Long Wood County, Ohio, delayed birth certificate no. 54, vol. 8 (1942), Sanford Lloyd Sly; Probate Court, Bowling Green Arizona Department of Health Services, death certificate F (1962), Sanford Lloyd Sly; Office of Vital Records, Phoenix Arizona Department of Health Services, death certificate (1980), Lucy Alice Sly; Office of Vital Records, Phoenix. Also, Lucy A. Sly, obituary, The Arizona Republic, Phoenix, 22 November 1980, section F2, p Louis B. Hazelton Memorial Cemetery, (Buckeye, Maricopa County, Arizona), Sanford and Lucy Sly tombstone; photographed by Ruby Greer ([ADDRESS FOR PRIVATE USE] Willard, Ohio), 2001, copy given to author July Arizona death certificate no (1980), Lucy Alice Sly Essex County, Ontario, Canada, marriage certificate no (1913), Sly Long. 19

20 Sadie (Long) Solether s (Lucy s sister) identifies her parents as Mr. and Mrs. William Harvey Long and further lists her surviving siblings, among them is Mrs. Lucy Sly of Buckeye, Ariz. 167 Ida (Long) Drake s obituary lists her parents as the late Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Long and her sister Mrs. Lucy Sly, of Buckeye, Ariz. 168 Emma (Long) Burgoon s obituary lists her survivors as her parents, Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Long and among her sisters Mrs. Lucy Sly. 169 Clara (Long) Bullis obituary gives her parents as Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Long (Martha Mitchell) and her sister Mrs. Sanford Sly, Buckeye, Ariz. 170 Carrie (Long) Rudd s obituary identifies her parents as Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Long and her sister Mrs. Lucy Sly, Buckeye, Ariz. 171 Martha (Long) Hentges obituary states that her parents were Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Long (Martha Mitchell) and identifies one of her sisters as Mrs. Lucy Sly, Buckeye, Ariz. 172 Furthermore, Lucy received notice of her father s death after she had moved to Arizona and just one day before her daughter Alice Bierman died and a small news article was published in Buckeye, Arizona that stated Mrs. Sanford Sly received the sad word that her father, Mr. William Harvey Long, aged 87 years, of Bowling Green, Ohio had passed away. 173 The combination of primary and secondary information found in the previous nine sources along with the fact that no known conflicts in any other sources exists, proves the identity of Lucy s parents as William Harvey and Martha (Mitchell) Long of Audrain County Missouri and Wood County, Ohio. A Family Secret Sometimes all a researcher has to go on to find answers are some whispered conversations with murky bits of information strewn in from family members who were somewhat removed from the situations they report on. One of Lucy s granddaughters mentioned in passing that Alice Sly was not Sanford s biological daughter, however no other information was known about the identity of the father or what the situation surrounding this information might have been. 174 There are two sources that corroborate this family tale. The 1920 census places Alice in the home of Sanford and Lucy but identifies her as a step-daughter of the head of household, and her surname is different, listed as Sweet or Swert. 175 Also, Sanford and Lucy were married in 167. Sadie Solether Dies At Age 78, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, 6 May Former Resident Dies in Toledo, The Daily Sentinel Tribune, 29 September Victim of Crash Succumbs Tues, Emma Burgoon obituary, Wood County News, Bowling Green, Ohio, 31 March 1932, p. 1, c Mrs. Floyd Bullis, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, 5 August Mrs. Harry Rudd, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, 13 July Mrs. Jacob Hentges, The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, 26 January Father of Mrs. Sly Died At Home In Ohio, William Harvey Long obituary, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 25 August 1938, p. 4, c Dode Lininger, granddaughter of Lucy Sly, ([ADDRESS FOR PRIVATE USE] Van Wert, Ohio), conversation with the Cari A. Taplin, October 2002; notes taken and privately held by author, [ADDRESS FOR PRIVATE USE] Pflugerville, Texas U.S. census, Wood County, Ohio population schedule, Center township, p. 196 (stamped on previous page), sheet 10B, dwelling 207, family 208, Sanford L. Sly household; digital images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 17 May 2009); citing NARA microfilm T625, roll

21 1913, three years after Alice s supposed birth in December of While that doesn t prove Sanford wasn t her father, the tradition and social standards of the time make it unlikely. Sanford Sly eventually became known as Alice s father; by the 1930 census and in all documents thereafter, Alice s father is always identified as Sanford Sly. 176 No adoption or birth record for Alice has been located. 177 It is possible that Lucy was an unmarried woman in 1910 and went to a home for unwed mothers or lived with a distant relative to have her baby. It is also possible that she was previously married and that husband died or abandoned them. No evidence has been found to support any of these scenarios. The only solid information is that Alice was not Sanford s biological daughter but he raised her as his own until her death. 178 Moved West for Health Reasons Alice became ill with tuberculosis in about 1932 and was confined to her bed, which prompted the family to move to Arizona, believing the climate would improve her condition. 179 Moving west to dryer climates was a popular remedy for health issues. Specifically relating to tuberculosis, there were varying thoughts about climate as treatment. Some believed that a cold climate was best and would kill the bacteria and treatment included being in the cold air for eight hours each day and sleeping with the windows wide open each night, regardless of how cold it was. 180 However, for patients who found a cold climate too severe, the advice of the time was that they are better off in such resorts as are to be found in Lower California, New Mexico, Arizona, etc. There the progress of the disease is slower in advanced cases, and life may be prolonged. 181 Another dissenting doctor stated that: climate in the treatment of tuberculosis has been vastly overemphasized, with the result that many sufferers from the disease undergo unnecessary hardships, making a long trip West and hindering their chances for recovery...ohio will serve just as well, and probably better, the cause of the consumptive, and there are plenty of cases to prove the disease can be cured in Ohio, as well as in Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and California U.S. census, Wood County, Ohio population schedule, Center township, City of Bowling Green, Supervisor s District [SD] 3, p. 150 (stamped on previous page), sheet 7B, dwelling 196, family 208, Alice I. Sly (daughter, age 19) in Sanford L. Sly household; digital images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 17 May 2009); citing NARA microfilm T626, roll Adoption records in Ohio prior to 1964 are only available to the adoptee or the adoptee s lineal descendants. Alice Bierman did not have any children. For rules on adoption information see Ohio Department of Health, ( vitalstatistics/legalinfo/adoption.aspx : accessed 14 October 2014), Adoption Information. For birth records a page by page search for a record matching any name that could be similar to Sweet or Swert in Ohio County Births, , in Wood County, 1910; digital images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 14 October 2014). Also Ohio County Births, , in the All counties birth register (index), all S surnames; Ancestry.com ( : accessed 14 October 2014). Searches at Ancestry.com and FamilySearch general search, using techniques of searching by mother s name only, alternate and widely varied spellings of Sweet or Swert, searching for Alice only in 1910, and so on, have also been fruitless Alice (Sly) Bierman s death certificate lists Sanford Sly as her father. See Arizona State Board of Health, death certificate (1938), Alice Irene Bierman; Bureau of Vital Statistics, Phoenix Visited Family At Tucson (Sanford Sly), Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 18 April 1935, p. 3, c. 1. Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Sly (Mrs. Alice Bierman) Died at Tucson, The Buckeye Valley News, Buckeye, Arizona, 25 August 1938, p. 1, c Earle Hooker Eaton, Taking the Cure: The Modern Way of Fighting Tubercle Bacilli, The Sandusky Star-Journal, Ohio, 14 March 1901, p. 7, c. 1; digital images, Newspapers.com ( : accessed 23 October 2014) Ibid Specialist Sees Increase of TB in Children, The Coshocton Tribune, Ohio, 5 November 1933, p. 6, c

22 Regardless of newspaper accounts, the opinion in many families was that living in a dryer climate would lead to improved health. Sanford s aunt, uncle and cousins had already moved to Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona and this could be one contributing reason why Sanford and his family settled in nearby Buckeye. 183 Buckeye was so named because of the number of Ohioans who had moved there in the late 1800s and early 1900s. 184 The Buckeye post office was established in 1888 but the town was not officially incorporated until In late 1934 or early 1935 Sanford, Lucy, Alice and the youngest child, Bill, moved first to Tucson, Pima County, Arizona and shortly thereafter to Buckeye. 186 Promotional material for St. Mary s Sanatorium and Hospital in Tucson, the location of Alice s death in 1938, claimed...it is the heated season at Tucson that is being recognized more and more as signally beneficial for such stubborn ailments as various forms of chronic arthritis, sinusitis and pulmonary disease. 187 On 21 August 1938 Sanford and Lucy took a trip on the Southern Pacific train that ran from Buckeye to Tucson to visit Alice, who was seriously ill. 188 Alice most likely lived in Tucson to be close to her doctor at St. Mary s. 189 It is unclear exactly when Alice met Cleveland C. Bierman, but he too went to Tucson seeking better health. 190 Cleveland must have recuperated enough to travel while living in Tucson; he was the national Rehabilitation Officer for the Disabled American Veterans (D.A.V.) and was at a D.A.V Sanford Sly s aunt on his mother s side was Emma Jane Glenn. That family moved to Phoenix sometime between 1900 and For the Glenn family see 1900 U.S. census, Wood County, Ohio, population schedule, Plain township, enumeration district [ED] 156, supervisor s district [SD] 8, sheet 21A, p. 161 (stamped), dwelling 471, family 482, Andrew E. Glenn household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 12 Jan 2013) citing NARA microfilm T623, roll Also 1910 U.S. census, Maricopa County, Arizona, population schedule, Phoenix Precinct No. 1, enumeration district [ED] 58, sheet 6A, p. 69 (stamped), dwelling 127, family 136, Andy E. Glenn household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 12 Jan 2013) citing NARA microfilm T624, roll Ohio in Arizona: Helzapopin in Town of Buckeye, Named for Ex-Ohioans, Cleveland Plain Dealer Pictorial Magazine, 12 October 1958, pp The City of Buckeye, Arizona, (buckeyeaz.gov : accessed 17 November 2014), For Visitors: History The family was enumerated in the 1930 census in Bowling Green, Ohio. See 1930 U.S. census, Wood Co., Ohio pop. sch., Center township, p. 150, sheet 7B, dwell. 196, fam. 208, Sanford L. Sly. On the 1940 census, Lucy Sly indicated that in 1935 the family was living in Maricopa County, Arizona. See 1940 U.S. census, Maricopa County, Arizona, population schedule, Canal Supervisory District (CSD), enumeration district [ED] 7-148, supervisor s district [SD] 2, sheet 12B, house number 273, Sanford Sly household; digital image, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 7 June 2014), citing NARA microfilm T627, roll 109. A check of the Bowling Green, Ohio city directories indicate that the family was in Bowling Green at least until the data collection date for the 1935 directory. See 1935 Bowling Green City Directory, (Binghamton, New York: The Calkin-Kelly Directory Company, 1935), p They were not listed in the 1936 directory. See 1936 Bowling Green City Directory, (Binghamton, New York: The Calkin-Kelly Directory Company, 1936). Furthermore, the family begins appearing in Arizona newspapers in See Visited Family At Tucson, Buckeye Valley News, 18 April The Desert Sanatorium and Institute of Research, pamphlet (Tucson: Sanatorium and Institute of Research, 1932), n.p. (10); digital images, University of Arizona Libraries Online Exhibit, Southwestern Wonderland: Health, ( : accessed 23 October 2014) Local Items, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 18 August 1938, p. 1, c Arizona, a Good Place to Live, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 26 March 1936, p. 1, c. 1. This article mentions Alice visiting her former physician in Tucson; the doctor is not identified Carlisle Bierman Dies Suddenly in Texas, Buried Today, Alton Evening Telegraph, Illinois, 16 February 1935, p. 20, c. 6; digital image, Newspapers.com ( : accessed 19 October 2014). In this obituary of C.C. Bierman s brother, C.C. was staying in Tucson, Arizona for the benefit of his health and was in no condition to make the trip back for his brother s funeral. 22

23 convention in Grand Rapids, Michigan when Alice died. 191 Alice had suffered from a bout of pneumonia about one year prior to her death that she never fully recovered from. She finally succumbed to years of prolonged illness on 23 August 1938 at St. Mary s Hospital in Tucson. 192 Unfortunately, the day before Alice s death, while Lucy was at Alice s bedside, Lucy received word that her father, William Harvey Long had passed away in Ohio. 193 This must have been a difficult time for the family. Lucy and Sanford pressed on however, and remained active participants in Buckeye s community events just a few months later. Helzapopin and Crime-Stoppin Sanford had a variety of skills and characteristics that provided him with many opportunities and documents pinpoint him in a time and place working at these various jobs. In Ohio, besides farming, he served as a policeman in Upon moving to Buckeye, he was employed as the clerk at 3-H Mercantile. 195 Later he was working as a milkman for Long s Dairy in Buckeye in October He was operating Richfield Station, an automotive station, in Dec Shortly thereafter, he purchased the Sugar Bowl confectionary in January Lucy, his wife, owned and operated a second hand store in Buckeye. 199 Sanford was known throughout the Buckeye, Arizona and Bowling Green, Ohio communities as an Ohioan in Arizona. 200 The Helzapopin celebration began in 1935 as a way to raise money for stranded migrant workers in the lettuce industry, for which Buckeye was known. The celebration continued until the 1940s and ceased during WWII. 201 Sanford was instrumental in 191. Mrs. C. C. Bierman Dies in Hospital obituary, The Arizona Daily Star, Tucson, 24 August 1938, p. 4, c Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Sly (Mrs. Alice Bierman) Died at Tucson, Buckeye Valley News, Buckeye, Arizona, 25 August 1938, p. 1, c Father of Mrs. Sly Died At Home In Ohio, Buckeye Valley News, 25 August Also see Van Buren Native Dies in B. Green, The Republican Courier, 23 August In the Realm of Village Gossip, Cincinnati Post, Ohio, 28 July 1917, p. 4, c. 2; digital image, GenealogyBank ( : accessed 19 March 2014). This article states that he was a policeman in Bowling Green. Also, Sanford s WWI draft registration, which took place on 12 September 1918, he stated his occupation was farmer. See United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, , images, Ancestry.com ( : accessed 11 April 2010), card for Sanford Lloyd Sly, serial number 4864, order number A-834, Local Board Wood County Ohio; citing NARA film M1509, roll Visited Family At Tucson, Buckeye Valley News, 18 April Local Items, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 15 October 1936, p. 1, c New Richfield Station Now in Operation Here, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 3 December 1937, p. 1, c Sanford Sly Takes Over Sugar Bowl, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 13 January 1938, p. 1, c Local Items, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 16 June 1938, p. 1, c Ohio in Arizona, Cleveland Plain Dealer Pictorial Magazine, 12 October Best Books on, Federal Writer s Project, Arizona, the Grand Canyon State: A State Guide (1940), p. 462; digital image, Google Books (books.google.com : accessed 15 October 2014). 23

24 organizing the Helzapopin parade for several years, most notably He took this job seriously and worked to make it enjoyable for the citizens, even claiming that the parade would be two miles long in He also worked to bring notable visitors to the festival such as the Arizona Governor and the Lone Ranger. 204 The Helzapopin celebration also featured a beard growing contest. The men of Buckeye were required to grow facial hair or risk being penalized. The newspaper would publish a weekly Whisker Volunteer Honor Roll listing those who had been identified as growing good beards, of which Sanford was often a participant. 205 A photo captured one of his Helzapopin beards. 206 Lucy was often on the Whisker Committee which patrolled the streets watching for transgressors. 207 Penalties for transgressors were alluded to, but never fully disclosed in the newspaper, however one news article stated that the committee assures us that it will be much more pleasant to have whiskers than to be seen without them. 208 Despite participating on the Whisker Committee, when Lucy went to Tucson, likely to visit Alice, Sanford reported that her return was questionable: According to the dislike Mrs. Sly took to his Helzapopin whiskers and mustache, he doubts it. Anyway, he states, those whiskers will stay put until the big celebration is all over. 209 In addition to his social service, Sanford was also a man of bravery. While serving as a policeman in Bowling Green in 1917, an incident occurred near Bowling Green when two negroes...compelled the train crew to stop the train and then Sanford Sly with his Helzapopin Whiskers robbed them of their money and clothes. After the citizens of Roachton formed a posse to aid the officers, they were apprehended by Sanford and Deputy Sheriff Newton Gordon after a gun battle. 210 After Sanford moved his 202. Helzapopin Report, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 22 October 1936, p. 1, c. 7. Helzapopin Committees Appointed, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 7 October 1937, p. 1, c. 1. The date was actually printed as 1936 this issue, however it s location on the roll surrounded by other newspapers in 1937 and numbering of Volume 10 for the year indicates it was a misprint. Also, Parade Received Much Favorable Comment, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 25 November 1937, p. 1, c. 3. And Thanks For Successful Helzapopin Celebration, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 24 November 1938, p. 1, c Helzapopin Report, Buckeye Valley News, 22 October Sly Announces Parade Plans For Helzapopin Are Well Underway, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 20 October 1938, p. 1, c Don t Be Last!, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 23 September 1937, p. 1, c Sanford Sly photograph, ca ; original privately held by Verrien Chloetta Dode Lininger, [ADDRESS FOR PERSONAL USE], copy provided to author in Dode is the granddaughter of Sanford and Lucy Sly Don t Be Last!, Buckeye Valley News, 23 September Grow Whiskers or Else!--, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 1 October 1937, p. 1, c Local Items, Buckeye Valley News, Arizona, 17 September 1936, p. 1, c For a short report of Sanford s service as policeman see In the Realm of Village Gossip, Cincinnati Post, 28 July For details on the incident see Negroes Hold Up A Freight; Captured By Deputy Sheriffs, Portsmouth Daily Times, Ohio, 9 May 1917, p. 5, c. 7; digital image, Newspapers.com ( : accessed 22 October 2014). 24