READING ARCHITECTURAL PLANS

Transcription

1 READING ARCHITECTURAL PLANS

2 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR A HOUSE Architectural drawings contain information about the size, shape, and location of all parts of the house

3 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR A HOUSE Architectural drawings include the following: Schematic drawings freehand sketches of a proposed plan the designer uses in refining a design Presentation drawings refined drawings or renderings to use for publication or for showing the design to a client Construction drawings drawings with detailed instructions to the builder to obtain necessary permits and erect the structure

4 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR A HOUSE Universal language uses lines, symbols, views, and notes to convey ideas Standard rules of drafting determine the types of lines, symbols, and views, and the location of dimensions These rules give meaning to architectural drawings Specific fonts that are typically used Only capital letters are typically used It is important to read all notes and reference all legends to ensure correct understanding

5 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR A HOUSE Architectural drawings are drawn in proportion to actual size If a drawing is half size, it is one-half as large as the actual object It is drawn to scale Drawings for a house are normally drawn at a scale of ¼" = 1-0 One-fourth inch on the drawing equals one-foot on the house Scale for each drawing is indicated in a note A designer may use a graphic scale, such as a person or vehicle, to visually depict the scale Graphic scales are used when the size of the final print is unknown, such as for presentation drawings

6 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR A HOUSE Height floor plans are viewed from is 4 feet Plans will only fully represent what is at or below 4 feet off the floor Imagine a model of that house was sliced with a knife half-way down the wall and the top portion removed Items such as wall cabinetry, the top of a door frame, and ceiling details may or may not appear on a plan

7 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR A HOUSE Architectural drawings cannot convey all information Hard to show texture Hard to represent paint color A schedule is an organized chart of detailed notes Use schedules to describe large quantities of information in the drawings Construction drawings define many items by schedules of repetitive or similar items A typical construction drawing includes schedules for doors and windows, electrical fixtures, plumbing fixtures, door hardware, and finishes

8 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR A HOUSE Other information for design and construction relates primarily to construction- quality standards called specifications or specs. Specifications are detailed documents that tell the types and quality of materials to use and give directions for their use

9 DRAWING METHODS AND PRINTS OF ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS In the past, drafters in architects or contractors offices used manual drafting machines and instruments to create most architectural drawings Today, drafters use computer-aided drafting and design (CADD) software to create most drawings CADD programs are available both for the beginners and professionals Range from simple home-plan design software to very sophisticated professional CADD programs requiring extensive training

10 DRAWING METHODS AND PRINTS OF ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS One of the newer tools available is the Building Information Model (BIM) BIM embraces every stage of a building s lifecycle: design, construction, maintenance, and sometimes, demolition Some help architects, designers, and builders design buildings that are green and sustainable Before construction begins, software using BIM can evaluate virtual materials that have the same properties as real materials (for example, concrete and lumber). Once a virtual building is built, the design and building team can analyze the building for structural integrity and environmental impact.

11 DRAWING METHODS AND PRINTS OF ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS Benefit of BIM Can manipulate or change multiple views of the drawing set simultaneously Example: A client wants a high ceiling that is 10 feet instead of one that is traditionally 8 feet high. That seems easy; however, a change like that would make walls taller, raise ceiling fans, and likely change the height of the entire house. If done correctly, the designer can make that one ceiling change on one of the associated drawings and the software will shift the size and placement of all other items dictated by the ceiling s placement. In addition, it will update any documents related to the drawings such as the materials list, showing that more materials will be needed to construct and fi nish the extra 2 feet of ceiling height.

12 DRAWING METHODS AND PRINTS OF ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

13 DRAWING METHODS AND PRINTS OF ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS When the drafter completes a set of architectural drawings, he or she gives copies to all members of the construction team This is called a print Used to be white lines on a dark blue background (aka a blueprint) Engineering copiers or large-format copiers and plotters (graphics printers) are used today Publishing drawings to the Internet is also popular today All documents including specifications (specs), contracts, and other valuable information are included

14 ABBREVIATIONS To save space on drawings, designers and architects will utilize abbreviations for common words or statements

15 ALPHABET OF LINES Must understand the lines used on the drawings Seven different lines (alphabet of lines) are commonly used on architectural drawings Vary in thickness or weight May be solid or a combination of dashes and breaks

16 ALPHABET OF LINES Phantom lines show alternate positions, repeated details, and paths of motion Visible lines or object lines show the outline of the building, walls, plumbing fixtures, cabinetry, and any other tangible element. These lines vary in thickness depending on the importance of the object and its distance from the viewer Hidden lines show edges of surfaces that are not visible in a specific view of the house. An example would be wall-hung cabinets when viewing a floor plan Center lines show the center of an arc or circle. An example would be to indicate the precise center of installment for a ceiling fan

17 ALPHABET OF LINES Dimension and extension lines show the extent and direction of measurements Dimension lines show the size and location of the dimension Extension lines show the termination points of a dimension Break lines show the object continues on, but the complete view is not shown Section lines show a feature that has been sectioned. Another name for these lines is crosshatch lines.

18 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION See textbook pages Symbols Elevation Views Section Views and Detail Views Order of the Documents Renderings and Models