American History II CWx Unit 2 p. 1/9 #28 Major Labor Unions of the late 1800s and early 1900s

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1 American History II CWx Unit 2 p. 1/9 #28 Major Labor Unions of the late 1800s and early 1900s Using the power point presentation, Major Labor Unions of the late 1800s and early 1900s, answer the following questions. The National Labor Union 1. What is the significance of the National Labor Union? 2. What were its three (3) major goals? 3. What kind of workers were the main supporters? 4. What other kinds of workers were allowed join? 5. How many workers belonged to the National Labor Union at its height? 6. What group of workers were not allowed to join the NLU? 7. Which political party did the NLU support? 8. For what did they campaign? 9. What led to their downfall? 10. What led to their final demise? The Molly Maquires 11. What did the people who belonged to the Molly Maquires do for a living? 12. Why was the labor union formed? 13. How did they achieve their goals? 14. What caused their downfall? 15. What finally happened to many in their leadership?

2 Unit 2 p. 2/9 #28 The Knights of Labor 16. Who started the Knights of Labor in 1869? 17. Using the Free Masons as their model, how did they operate? 18. As a secret fraternity, what groups were excluded from members? 19. Who took over as Grand Master Workman or leader of the Knights of Labor in the early 1880s? 20. How did he change the Knights of Labor? 21. What effect did this have on the union? 22. What kinds of workers could join the union? 23. What was the overall strategy of the Knights of Labor under Terrence Powderly? 24. What were the main concerns of the Knights of Labor? 25. Reading the Preamble of the Knights of Labor, what is the mission or purpose of the Knights of Labor? 26. Looking at the slide that says We declare to the world that our aims are: what does the Knights of Labor want to be the true standard of individual and national greatness? 27. What three (3) things do they want to secure for every worker in #2? 28. For what are they calling in #3? 29. What do they want prohibited in #4? 30. In #6, why do they want to establish cooperatives to replace the traditional wage system? 31. For what are they calling in #7? 32. What three (3) things do they want the government to own?

3 33. Who do they want the government s public land policy not to aid? Unit 2 p. 3/9 # For what are they calling in #10? 35. In #11, for who do they not want the public lands reserved? 36. For what else are they calling in #11? 37. What were their 6 major goals? d. e. f. 38. In the beginning, what tactics did the Knights of Labor not endorse? 39. Why did this change? 40. What happened because of this change? 41. To whom was membership extended after 1883? 42. How many members did the Knights of Labor have by the mid 1880s? 43. What caused the Knights of Labor to begin to decline in power? 44. When did the Knights of Labor disappear completely? 45. Among several reasons for their decline, what were the main reasons? d.

4 46. What was the problem of having both skilled and unskilled labor in the same union? Unit 2 p. 4/9 # With what did the Knights of Labor become increasingly associated? The American Federation of Labor 48. When was the American Federation of Labor founded and by whom? 49. Who could become members of the American Federation of Labor? 50. How did the American Federation of Labor compare to other labor organization of the time? 51. What would the AFL become? 52. Like other unions of the day, what legislation did the American Federation of Labor support? 53. To what union did Samuel Gompers belong? 54. How long did he serve as President of the American Federation of Labor? 55. What did he reject? 56. What did he urge labor to do? 57. Who succeeded Gompers as President of the AFL? 58. Who succeeded Green as President? 59. What did he do with the AFL? 60. What did Gompers emphasize? 61. On what was bread and butter unionism focused?

5 62. What made the AFL more successful than the Knights of Labor? Unit 2 p. 5/9 # Because of this, as what were the AFL was recognized? 64. Only what kind of worker was allowed to join? 65. How were the workers organized? 66. How did the AFL craft unions serve their members more effectively? 67. Instead of forming their own political party, what did Gompers advocate? 68. How would the AFL punish enemies and reward friends running for political office? 69. What was Samuel Gompers major contribution to the labor movement? 70. Define collective bargaining. 71. What happens if the union membership votes to turn down a labor contract? 72. If management and labor are unable to reach an agreement through collective bargaining, what is the next step? 73. If an agreement cannot be reached using mediation, what is the next step? 74. If an agreement cannot be reach through arbitration, what is the last resort? 75. How many were members of the AFL in 1890? 76. To what did their member grow in the 1920s? 77. How many members did the AFL claim in 1955? 78. When did the union face difficulty? 79. When did the union grow? 80. Where did growth of the American Federation of Labor occur? 81. Why was there less growth in the South?

6 Unit 2 p. 6/9 #28 The United Mine Workers 82. When was the United Mine Workers (UMW) started? 83. After who was the UMW modeled? 84. What kind of worker could belong to the UMW? 85. In what did the United Mine Workers play a pivotal role? 86. Who were some of their most famous leaders? 87. What happened in the Lattimer Massacre? 88. Who killed the union members? 89. For what were the UMW members marching? 90. What happened in the Ludlow Massacre? 91. Again, who did the shooting? 92. Why were the victims living in a tent city? The American Railway Union 93. How had railroad workers been organized? 94. Who started the American Railway Union? 95. In the wake of what event was the ARU formed? 96. What did Debs believe?

7 97. Therefore, what did he oppose and what did he not believe should not be used? Unit 2 p. 7/9 # Debs began to change his opinion on strikes, but what did he believe was necessary to prevent the use violence like that seen in the Great Railroad Strike? 99. What was Debs proposing in this American Railway Union? 100. When was the ARU officially established? 101. For what else was Eugene V. Debs known? 102. For what office did he run? 103. What was the name of the political party he represented? 104. How many times did he run for this office? 105. Where was he during his last bid for this office? 106. Why was he there? The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) 107. Besides fighting for better working conditions, what did the International Workers of the World (IWW) want to do? 108. What did they want to do in order to achieve this? 109. Google general strike and record what you think it means What would be the result of this general strike for the IWW? 111. What would industrial unionism ultimately do? 112. What was the IWW s nickname? 113. When was the IWW founded? 114. Who were some of the groups involved in their founding? 115. Whose policies did they oppose?

8 Unit 2 p. 8/9 # Who were some of the organizers? 117. What was their goal? 118. What did many unionists, socialists, anarchist and radicals believe? 119. What percentage of workers belonged to unions in 1905? 120. According to these groups, what was another problem with the AFL? 121. What did the Wobblies believe? 122. According to the picture, what was there motto? 123. Reading from the IWW Preamble, what did the IWW want the working class to do to the capitalists? 124. How were the Wobblies different than other unions? 125. What did they emphasize in their organization? 126. Google rank and file and record what you think it means? 127. The IWW emphasized rank and file leadership as opposed to what? 128. In using the general strike to overthrow the wage system, what would be emphasized in their new economic system? 129. What was the IWW the only American union to do? 130. Who condemned the IWW? 131. How did they perceive the union? 132. What would factory owners do to disrupt IWW meetings? 133. What happened to many members? 134. What did this persecution inspire?

9 Unit 2 p. 9/9 # What happened to the IWW over time? 136. For what did one group argue? 137. In what did the other faction believe? 138. To what was this second group opposed? 139. Which faction won out? 140. After several successful strikes, who began to target IWW organizers? 141. What happened to some of these organizers? 142. What happened to IWW meeting halls? 143. What happened to several key organizers? 144. How were these anti-iww campaigns characterized?