Appendices. APPENDIX I THE CAIRN

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1 The Parish of Ballintoy, County Antrim, indicating its townlands and, in particular, an area in the townlands of Lemnagh More and Craigalappan which is shown in detail on the following map.

2 A portion of the townlands of Lemnagh More and Craigalappan, in the Parish of Ballintoy, County Antrim (c.1851), indicating the relative positions of High Cairn and Lower Cairn.

3 THE CAIRN APPENDIX I The parishes of Ireland are made up of townlands, which in rural areas were originally farms held by a single family under lease from an estate. The practice of the lessees was to sublet portions of the farm to smaller landholders who were the actual farmers. Each townland was generally several hundred acres in area. There was an estimate of about 64,000 townlands in Ireland in Lemnagh More, one of the townlands of the parish of Ballintoy, occupies a little over four hundred acres. Near its southern limits are located the hamlets of High Cairn and Lower Cairn, the former situated on a significant hill about one-third of a mile to the north of the latter. It is said that at one time High Cairn was home to fourteen families, all McCurdys, but it has been unoccupied by anyone since about the beginning of this century. The buildings were of stone, thatched in the traditional manner and heated with peat. From High Cairn the ocean is easily seen only about a mile and a half away. In the years in which David lived at High Cairn, the road from the coast ran directly past the houses and then down the hill to the south to Lower Cairn. Unlike High Cairn, Lower Cairn is still occupied but not by McCurdys; the last McCurdy left the hamlet in A number of the original buildings are still in use but not as houses. A new residence was built but at this time the only occupant is an elderly woman whose family purchased the property seventy-five years ago. A report prepared in 1814 (about the time David was born) concerning the parish of Ballintoy (and therefore relevant to the Cairn) indicates that: "..as to the occupation of the inhabitants, spinning employs all the women; weaving and agriculture form the principal employment of the men. There is hardly any system in the mode of farming here. Barley, oats and potatoes are the only crops raised...there is no wheat, turnip or grass-seeds sown or cultivated:..(they).. consider a crop of potatoes more profitable and useful than a crop of turnips. Of late a few small patches of red-clover may be seen here and there but they do not exceed the size of a small garden. The usual mode of proceeding is, first a crop of potatoes, either in drills or in lazy beds; the next, if the ground suits, a crop of barley; then two, sometimes three crops of oats. It is then abandoned to weeds or whatever the oil chuses to throw up, for some years, until it is thought to be in a fit state to undergo the same process...there are no stockfarms in the parish and every person suits the numbers of his cattle to the size of his holding

4 which, in general, is under rather than above 25 acres; even these, at the death of the parent or when the children get married, are portioned off among is family (not having any other means of providing for them) until at last, perhaps, there are not above 4 or 5 acres remaining in the possession of any one individual." This photograph shows a major part of the buildings which remained in High Cairn in THE PARISH OF BALLINTOY APPENDIX II The parish of Ballintoy is one of the most northerly of County Antrim. The town of Ballintoy (literally "the town in the north") lies on the Atlantic coast, protected by high hills to the east and southwest and looks out over the North Atlantic to Rathlin Island, seven miles away, and when the air is clear, to the scottish island of Islay, many miles to the north. In the early years the Ballintoy Estate belonged to the Stewart family which had come from the Island of Bute in Scotland. The family held leases of part of the lands of the parish as early as Their castle originally occupied a site above the harbour and near the Church of Ireland; nothing remains of it. A church was erected in the seventeenth century by the Stewart family but it seems to have been replaced in the early years. The present church is said

5 to "...occupy the site of a church erected by the Stewarts..."; it is over two hundred years old. From M'Cahan's Local Histories comes the following description: "It is a plain and sturdy structure, with a square tower at its west gable. Its spire was destroyed by a storm in The old stone font is still in existence, and there are several very interesting inscriptions on its walls. On its west gable is a stone with the inscription: "Samuel Houson, Meson. William Fine pure 1733", which refers to the erection of the tower, and records the names of the builder and the architect. On the bell is the following quaint inscription: "Archibald Stewart gave me. Charles his son recast me, anno 1686, and Archibald the son of Charles recast and augmented me anno 1718." On the southwest corner of the church is a small sun-dial, and facing the west is a tide-dial, under which is the date In the chancel are two red sandstone tombstones, one of which is to the memory of Bernarda Stewart, who died in The other stone is to the memory of Nicholas Stewart who died on September 10th,1667." This is the parish church of those who were of the Church of Ireland. It was in this church that John McCurdy was married in 1852 and although the records do not survive, it was here that he, Archy and David were baptized. And it was here that their ancestors, for as many years as there were McCurdys in the Parish of Ballintoy, were baptized, married and buried. The parish cemetery surrounds the church. Not all of the burials are represented by stones but those of the McCurdys that exist and are legible are as follows: 1. Here lyeth the body of James McCurdy of Ballintoy who departed June 11, 1793 aged 28 years. 2. In memory of Mary Jane, Wife of James McCurdy of Ballycastle who died 18th Feb aged 28 years. Also their daughter who died in infancy. Also her husband James McCurdy who died 12th January Their sons James who died 2nd June 1941 aged 58 years and David William who died 26th Oct. 1951,aged 54 years. 3. In loving memory of Margaret McCurdy of Ligavar who died 13th August 1903 aged 73 years. Also her son John who died 29th January 1900 aged 33 years. Also her husband Simon McCurdy who died 28th June 1907 aged 73 years.

6 4. In loving memory of James McCurdy of Knocknagarvin who died 30th October 1907 aged 89 years. And his wife Mary who died 30 October 1905 aged 82 years. Also their grandson James E. McCurdy who died 7th March 1908 aged 24 years and their daughter Lizzie who died 9th May 1914 aged 52 years. Also their son William McCurdy who died 13th January 1929 aged 61 years. And their daughter Annie McCurdy who died 30th July 1935 aged 72 years. Also their niece Mary C. Price, wife of Andrew Price, J.P. of Lagavar who died 29th November 1958 aged 69 years. 5. Here lies the body of John McCurdy of Kern who departed this life the 23rd October 1833 aged 37 years. 6. Erected to the memory of William McCurdy late of Croaghbeg who departed this life 21 October 1863 aged 66 years. 7. McCurdy- in memory of Herbert McCurdy who died 14th August To mark the burying ground of Patrick McCurdy of Kern and Family. 9. To mark the burying ground of Archy McCurdy of Carn and Family by Jackson McCurdy of the Cairn in memory of his son Neal McCurdy who departed this life on the 28th of December 1853 Aged 24 years. 11. The burying ground of James McCurdy of the Kern. Here lies the body of his wife Nancy McCurdy who departed this life the 12th September 1890 (?) 12. Erected by Daniel McCurdy of Lemenagh in memory of his son James who departed this life 14th January 1886? aged 20 years. 13. Sacred to the memory of Christian McCurdy who departed this life Sept.?, 1828 aged 28 years ye wife to John McCurdy of Keron 14. Here lies the body of David McCurdy aged 80 years. 15. Erected by A.R. McCurdy of Araboy in memory of her father who died 21st Feb'y 1860 in his 50th year. Also his daughter Margaret in her 10th month Erected by Margaret J. McCurdy, Craigalappin in memory of her beloved son Daniel who died 4th January 1911 aged 55 years.

7 17. Erected by Daniel McCurdy, Philadelphia, in memory of his father John McCurdy Maghernahare. Born 1818, died 1895, his mother Mary, born 1819, died 1902, his brothers John, born 1851, died 1893, George, born 1849, died 1906, his sister Isabella, born 1857, died Dan McCurdy, Croaghbeg, John McCurdy Died March 2, 1863 age 63. The parish records commence; as to baptisms, in 1877, as to marriages, in 1845, and as to burials, in TITHE APPLOTMENT BOOKS APPENDIX III A census of the inhabitants of Ireland was prepared in each of the years 1821, 1831 and Those were not the only years in which a census was prepared but those three would have been particularly useful in the search for David McCurdy had they been available. Unfortunately only fragments of them survived the civil war of 1922 and those that survived are not relevant. As an alternative there are the Tithe Applotment Books, not a good alternative but one of the best of what was not destroyed during the turbulent early decades of this century. The Tithe Applotment Books were not intended to function as a census of the inhabitants of Ireland. Rather, their purpose was religious and stemmed from a need to identify the separate units of land of Ireland and not its people. This need derived from the manner in which the State church of Ireland had evolved and the manner of its financing. Except for a brief interval, from the time of Henry VIII the Church of Ireland (in effect, the Church of England in Ireland) was the Established Church. A major thrust of the Church, in concert with the Crown, was the suppression of all things Roman Catholic. To this end there were expulsions of native Irish from their lands and resettlement of those lands by Protestant immigrants from England and Scotland. As well, those who were not of the Roman faith found their rights harshly restricted by laws passed by Parliament and, as a consequence, many of them conformed (i.e. adopted the faith of the Church of Ireland) in appearance if not in faithful practice. Although some of hese adherents remained with the Church, many did not and, as well, many who had been of the Church of Ireland left their church. By the 1860's the membership of the Established Church was a small minority of the population

8 and at the beginning of the 1870's, the Church was disestablished by Parliament. During all of the generations of its existence as an established church, occupants of agricultural land, no matter what their religious affiliation, paid tithes to the clergy of the Church of Ireland. The tithe, generally one-tenth of a farmer's harvest each year, was paid in kind. There was resentment because of inequities in the tithe system, particularly on the part of those who were not not adherents of the Church of Ireland. The economic depression which followed the defeat of Napoleon in 1815 created severe problems for farmers generally but Irish farmers still had tithes to pay and protests mounted. In 1823 legislation was enacted to rationalize the payment of tithes in Ireland. An assessment of the lands of Ireland was carried out between 1823 and The holdings of every land occupant, owner or tenant, were measured and valued. For every parish a Tithe Applotment Book was created listing, townland by townland in that parish, the lands subject to tithe and the value of each. From these Books was computed each year the tithe to be paid to the clergy by each occupant. Payments thereafter were in cash and not in kind. All of these Tithe Applotment Books were prepared before the massive emigrations which resulted from the Great Famine of As a consequence they offer a valuable tool for locating the place of origin of those emigrants who left Ireland in hundreds of thousands in the decades after the Books were prepared but, obviously, only for those who were occupants of land either as owners or as tenants. Alphabetic indexes to the names in the Books were prepared on a county-by-county basis. From the indexes it is possible to identify the parishes in which specific families (eg. McCurdy) occupied land. In County Antrim there were concentrations of McCurdys in the parishes of Ballintoy, Billy and Rathlin Island. There were McCurdys in other parishes and in other counties but those concentrations were not so great. In the nine counties of the Province of Ulster, only in Armagh, Cavan and Fermanagh were no McCurdys indexed. If David McCurdy emigrated from the Parish of Ballintoy, it may be that his father's name was entered in the Tithe Applotment Book of that Parish. John McCurdy (of the Cairn) was from the Townland of Lemineaghmore (i.e. Lemnagh More) in the Parish of Ballintoy so it may be that his father's name

9 and (if they were brothers) David's as well, appears in the listing of that townland. A list of all of the McCurdys, by townlands in the Parish of Ballintoy, follows; this Tithe Applotment Book was prepared in David would have been about ten years of age; it is doubtful that either Archy or John had been born at that time. PARISH OF BALLINTOY (1824) Townland/Name Tithe( ) Craigalappin McCurdy, James ", Daniel Maghernahan McCurdy, Widow Magheraboy McCurdy, John ", Archibald Toberkeigh McCurdy, Daniel ", John ", David ", Daniel ", Charles ", John ", Wm ", Daniel (brother to William) Araboy McCurdy, James Ballintoy Town McCurdy, Daniel ", Neal Ballynastraid McCurdy, Duncan

10 Clenagh McCurdy, John ", John (of Magheraboy) ", Arch Coolmaghra McCurdy, Peggy Croaghmore McCurdy, James Croaghbeg McCurdy, James , Widow ", William Drumnagessan McCurdy, John Knocknagannon McCurdy, Daniel ", Sam Lemineaghmore McCurdy, Arch (&Taylor) ", Dan ", John (&bro.) ", James ", John Roe Lemnaghbeg McCurdy, Art ", John ", Arch Had John McCurdy's marriage not associated him (and David) with the parish of Ballintoy, the parishes of Billy and Rathlin Island are locations in which David McCurdy's roots might have been expected to have been found, not because of specific evidence that had been discovered but because of the

11 degree of concentration of McCurdys there. A list of the names which were indexed in those parishes follows: Parish Townland Name Billy (1826) Ballylough McCurdy, James Upper Clogher Coolramoney Cavanmore Castlecat McCurdy, John McCurdy, Dan'l McCurdy, Alex ", Robt ", David ", Widow McCurdy, Sam'l ", Alex Clontice McCurdy, John Carnan(reagh) McCurdy, John Eagry McCurdy, John Lisnagunogue McCurdy, Alex ", Charles ", James ", Arch'd Lisserluss

12 McCurdy, Richard ", Robert ", Arch'd Moycraig McCurdy, James ", Robt Tonduff McCurdy, Arch'd Rathlin Island (1833) Kebble McCurdy, Arch ", Hugh ", Francis ", John Kinramer So. McCurdy, James ", Dan'l ", Jas ", Dan'l ",? ", Arch Kinramer No. McCurdy, Alex Cleggan Ballygill McCurdy, Alex ", Dan'l ",? ", Daugh(?) McCurdy, (?) ", Arch'd ", John Ballygill (Middle) McCurdy, Dan'l ", Arch'd

13 Kilpatrick Knockans McCurdy, Pat'k ", Chas McCurdy, Neal ", Sam'l Ballynagard Ballyconagan McCurdy, John ", Neal McCurdy,Dan'l Malandroo McCurdy, Pat'k Churchyard McCurdy, Fra's Ballycarry McCurdy,? ", Neal Craigmacagan McCurdy, Neal Carravindoon McCurdy, Mich'l JOHN MCCURDY (of the Cairn) APPENDIX IV On March 19, 1852, in the parish of Ballintoy, County Antrim, Ireland, John McCurdy, age twenty-five, married Catherine Jane McCurdy, age twenty-nine. John was a farmer, a resident of High Cairn and the son of John McCurdy. Catherine Jane was a spinner, a resident of Lower Cairn and the daughter of Paddy (i.e. Patrick) McCurdy. The names "John" and "Patrick", (as well as "David", "Hugh" and "Archibald") were common in this branch of the McCurdy family for many generations. Catherine Jane is thought to have been the oldest child of a family of seven. There is good reason to believe that her line traces through Patrick, Patrick,

14 Daniel, and Daniel to the legendary Petheric of Bute, Scotland. No similar linkage has been possible for John (nor, obviously, for David and Archy) A daughter was born to John and Catherine Jane before they migrated from Ireland and three more children after their arrival in Canada. The second child born in Canada was also called Catherine Jane. A generation after the family's arrival, another John McCurdy emigrated from Ireland, from the village of Straid situated only a mile from the Cairn, and married Catherine Jane. That is, in two successive generations a John McCurdy married a Catherine Jane John McCurdy (of the Cairn) and his wife, Catherine Jane McCurdy. McCurdy. David, the only son of John (of the Cairn) did not marry and as a consequence those whose names are McCurdy and who trace to this branch are descended from John (of Straid). A son of John (of Straid) and thus a grandson of John (of the Cairn) recalls a family story that his grandfather was one of three brothers who emigrated

15 from Ireland and that two of them (Archy, and another brother whose name he did not know) did not settle near his grandfather but in the Ottawa area. Although David and Archy came to Canada about ten years before John, the story offers good support for regarding the three as brothers. Obituaries have not been located for either David or Archy. The obituary of John (of the Cairn) describes him as "...a native of County Antrim, Ireland, about three miles from the Giant's Causeway". The straight-line distance from the Causeway to the Cairn is about four miles. David McCurdy died in Marlborough township in David, the only son of John (of the Cairn), was born in Depending upon the circumstances, it would have been customary for John to name his son either John or Patrick (for one of his grandfathers) but he was named "David", a further indication of the nature of the relationship of the three immigrants. RICHMOND CIRCUIT APPENDIX V Early Methodism in Ontario was structured on "circuits", geographical areas served by one or two clergymen. The Augusta Circuit, dating from 1819, included the area north of the St. Lawrence River from Prescott to Kingston. Accordingly it extended to all settled areas on the Rideau River and to the upper reaches of the Ottawa River. In 1820 the Rideau Circuit was cut off from the Augusta Circuit to encompass the Rideau country from Merrickville to the Ottawa River. Seven years later, as population increased and new communities were established, the Richmond Circuit was cut off from the Rideau Circuit. This circuit was centered on the village which grew from the establishment of the military settlement at Richmond in It included the townships of Goulbourn, Beckwith, North Gower, Marlborough, Nepean,Huntley and Hull.That the clergymen assigned to these circuits were called "circuit riders" or "saddlebag ministers" is an indication of the difficulties inherent in their tasks. A tour of the Richmond Circuit would be measured, not in days, but likely in weeks. Except in the few cases where churches had been built, services (including baptisms and marriages) would be held in the homes of settlers. A chapel had been constructed on the Shillington farm on the fifth concession of Goulbourn township as early as 1837 and, a short distance from it, a cemetery was established. The chapel was removed many years ago and now stands, unused and derelict, on the bank of the Jock River near Munster. There have been no burials in the cemetery for many years. It has been

16 renovated and although some stones have been lost (including that of David McCurdy) much has been saved. Benjamin Nankeville ministered to the families of the Richmond Circuit in the years 1845, 1846 and He was a native of England who had immigrated to Canada in After a five-year trial period he was ordained in the Weslyan Methodist church and assigned to the Matilda Circuit. Before his assignment to the Richmond Circuit he had been attached to circuits at Augusta and Kemptville and afterwards at Mississippi, Pakenham, Smiths Falls, Gananoque, Brampton and Cooksville. He died in Cooksville in 1856 at the age of 57 years. There was a suggestion that his early death had resulted from the rigors of his life as a saddlebag minister. In the early years the Richmond Circuit included the Malakoff membership. In 1860 its numbers diminished upon the establishment of the North Gower Circuit with an initial roster of 256 names which included the Malakoff charge as well as (among others) thse at Victoria, Carsonby and Kars.

17 MONTGOMERY APPENDIX VI The inscription on a stone adjacent to the Archy McCurdy plot in the Kars Anglican cemetery and an entry in a North Gower Anglican burial register provide some insight into the identities of the Montgomerys who were closest to the families of David and Archy McCurdy. Specifically; a) the inscription: b) the entry: SARAH NEALEM Wife of JOHN MONTGOMERY Died Feb, 19, 1879 Aged 88 Years NATIVE CO. CAVAN IRELAND Erected by her daughter JANE KERFUT February 21, 1879, Sarah Dennison, Of North Gower, Age 88, In the Wellington graveyard. The maiden name of Jane Montgomery, Hugh Montgomery's wife, was also Montgomery. After Hugh's death in 1867, Jane married Thomas Kerfoot, a widower of Goulbourn township. The reference in the inscription to "Jane Kerfut" becomes clear; Sarah Nealem is Jane Montgomery's mother. It is equally clear that the burial on February 21 of Sarah Dennison was, in fact, that of Sarah Nealem who died two days before and the relationships of the persons who formed the Dennison group in the 1851 census of North Gower township (page 24) are substantially resolved.

18 John Sarah William Montgomery (1) Neilen (2) Dennison Jane (1) Hugh Montgomery (c1815) (2) Thomas Kerfoot Sarah---? (1)---David McCurdy (1824) Hugh Jane John George Sarah David (II) Mary Ann Joseph (2)---John Mains Margaret Archy McCurdy (c1825) Sarah Jane John Eliza William Mary Ann William Chart of the Sarah (Nealem) (Neilen) (Montgomery) Dennson group indicating the known relationships and the probable (?) connection of Sarah Montgomery with the group. Although she is buried with Hugh in the Shillington cemetery in Goulbourn township, Jane Montgomery died at Archy McCurdy's home in North Gower township. In her will she referred to "...Eliza and Mary Ann

19 McCurdy...both daughters of my sister, Margaret". That is, Sarah Nealem is as well the mother of Archy's wife. The Dennison group of 1851 had greatly diminished by Margaret had married Archy, Jane McCurdy had returned to her parent's home in Marlborough and William Montgomery had left (it is thought) for Essex county. Only William Dennison and Sarah remained and by 1871 neither of them was listed in North Gower township. William had been buried in the North Gower graveyard on April 11, 1867 and Sarah was living on the Hugh Montgomery farm in Goulbourn township with her daughter Jane Kerfoot who also had been a widow for four years. They had discarded the names Dennison and Kerfoot and were listed as Sarah and Jane Montgomery. Many years earlier the Richmond Anglican church registers had recorded two entries which may be relevant; 1. the burial on August 14, 1839, of John Montgomery, age 52, of North Gower township, and 2. the marriage on October 20, 1845, of William Dennison and Sarah Neilen, both of North Gower township. (Hugh Montgomery was one of the witnesses to this ceremony). There is no documentary evidence that these record the death of Sarah Neilen's first husband and her second marriage but the fit is excellent. In any case the matter is not important; Sarah (Neilen) Montgomery is certainly the mother of Jane Montgomery and Margaret McCurdy and it remains to establish whether or not Sarah (Montgomery) McCurdy was a sister of Jane and Margaret. Both Hugh Montgomery and Sarah Neilen were natives of County Cavan as were the Neilens who emigrated to the townships of Goulbourn and North Gower. At least one Neilen branch settled in the Montomery's immediate neighbourhood at Munster and one on a farm adjacent to the farm on which William Dennison was settled by the Canada Company in 1832 in North Gower township. The Neilens were from the parish of Swanlinbar in County Cavan as were a number of others who settled in these communities.

20 A review of the registers of that parish discloses the following baptisms: Nov. 8, 1798: Hugh McGomery, son of John and Anne Dec. 8, 1813: Jane, Jn. and Sarah McGomery sponsors: Wm. Neilen and Mary Neilen Feb. 1, 1824: Sarah, John and Sarah Montgomery (born January 3, 1824) Their years of birth, calculated from their ages at death, would have been as follows for those three people: Hugh Montgomery 1800 Jane Montgomery 1815 Sarah Montgomery 1825 and accordingly there is a rather good fit. That is, on the surface, all three may be from the parish of Swanlinbar and Jane and Sarah may well be sisters. But there is other evidence: 1. upon her marriage to John Mains in 1873, Sarah identified herself as Sarah Montgomery and her parents as John and Sarah. That is, her parent's names were identical to those of Jane and Margaret. 2. upon Jane's death in 1892 there were bequests to two of Margaret's daughters and to Sarah's children, Hugh and Sarah. These were the children of David and Sarah who were closest to Jane. 3. David and Sarah's first two children (Hugh and Jane) appear to have been named, not after their parents or grandparents in the traditional manner, but after Hugh and Jane Montgomery. It was only their second son and second daughter (John and Sarah) who seem to have been named after persons who may have been David's (or Sarah's) father and Sarah's mother. On the whole it seems almost a certainty that Sarah (Neilem) (Neilen) (Montgomery) Dennison, and (perhaps) the John Montgomery who died in 1839, along with Jane, Margaret and Sarah formed a single family group

21 JOHN MAINS APPENDIX VII On February 28, 1873, Sarah (Montgomery) McCurdy, the widow of David McCurdy, married John Mains of North Gower township. The marriage was recorded in a Richmond Anglican church register; the witnesses were Archy McCurdy and John Montgomery. The marriage register records John's place of birth as Ireland, his parents as John and Nancy Mains and his age as fifty years. Based on census data, it is likely that at that time John was at least sixty years of age. Sarah reported her age as forty, her place of birth as Ireland, her place of residence as Marlborough and her parents' names as John and Sarah. About twenty years earlier John had purchased a thirtyacre farm on lot sixteen, concession "A" in North Gower township. The farm was located on the River Road, a short distance north of the (present) Carleton Golf and Country Club. It was this farm which John and Sarah sold to her son, George, in The census of each of 1851, 1861 and 1871 showed John to be married but without children. His wife's name was Jane; her age was recorded as forty-five, sixty and seventy in those years respectively. A stone in the Elmview cemetery in Kars records the death on December 6, 1872, at the age of seventy-four, of Jane Goodwin, the wife of John Mains. This woman is taken to be the first wife of the John Mains who married Sarah in That the adjacent stone is that of Albert McCarger tends to support this view since in the 1851 census, Albert McCarger was the "servant" (hired man, no doubt) of John and Jane Mains. Taking Jane Goodwin to have been John's first wife imputes to him a very short mourning period. In fact, looking back now nearly one hundred and twenty years later, it is to be wondered what possible reason Sarah had to marry a widower who in 1870 produced thirty bushels of wheat, twenty bushels of barley, one hundred and sixty bushels of oats, one hundred bushels of potatoes and three tons of hay. John's farm boasted three horses, three head of cattle, seven sheep and two pigs. There was nothing in this to promise a secure old age but her sons were reaching the point where they would wish to take over her farm, she had been a widow for twelve years and it was not a time to be old and alone.

22 John is said to have survived Sarah but neither the date of his death nor the place of his burial are known. There is a gravestone for a John Mains, a native of County Fermanagh, Ireland, in the Malakoff cemetery. This has caused some confusion since he lived near David and Sarah McCurdy but he was not Sarah's second husband. In 1838, that John Mains purchased part of lot nine, concession six, in Marlborough township, a farm which was only a short distance east of David and Sarah's farm but across the road. He was also married twice; in 1839 to Margaret Montgomery of Goulbourn township and about 1860 to Mary Taylor of Marlborough township. He died on November 11, His widow survived him, transferred the farm to a son in 1890, moved to Parry Sound, died and was buried there. A great-great-grand-son of the John Mains who is buried in the Malakoff cemetery confirms that his ancestor was not the person who married Sarah Montgomery. ANDERSON APPENDIX VIII The Andersons who are relevant to the McCurdy story lived on lot two, concession four of Goulbourn township. They were emigrants from Fifeshire, Scotland, a widowed father, John, and at least one son, Donald. They settled there soon after 1820 and so they were among the earliest settlers of the area, arriving only a couple of years after the establishment of the Richmond settlement. The members of the family of Donald Anderson and Mary Upton and the approximate years of their birth were: Thomas 1832 Ann 1834 James 1836 Robert 1843 John 1847 David 1849 Hugh 1851 There were at least two other children who did not survive infancy. The years of birth are approximations and, as to David and Hugh, have been amended elsewhere, but they serve to identify the family and the period within which it was formed.

23 On his death John (the elder) willed his portion of the farm to Donald so he, in turn, was able to bequeath one-half to David (as the son who had remained at home) and one-half to David's son, Thomas. By 1888 none of this family remained in the community although other related Andersons lived there and, a century later, still do. MEL BRADY APPENDIX IX Melville Napoleon Brady was not related to the McCurdys but he was a foster child of Hugh McCurdy for a number of years and was well known by Sarah's family in Manitoba. The best available information is that Mel was a grandson of Ann Anderson, the older (and only) sister of Hugh and David Anderson. Ann married William Weir in Richmond on April 17, There were three children of this marriage, James, Sarah Jane and Jemima, who was born on January 21, Ann and William seem to have separated before James did not marry; Sarah Jane married Thomas Whitelaw and Jemima married a Brady whose first name is not known. Mel was born of this marriage about Nothing is known of when Jemima's first marriage ended but there was a second marriage to Frank Switzer and two children of that marriage. Ann Anderson died in 1920; she is buried in the Whitelaw plot in the Richmond United church cemetery. The date of Jemima's death is not known; she is said to be buried in Montreal. Mel has said that he "...lived with Hugh and went to school from " Neighbours remember him going to school at Munster from the McCurdy farm. About 1912 he left Munster for the west. Mel retired in Winnipeg after a career as train engineer. He was the only one of the group from Munster who visited the east on a regular basis, often staying with the Howard Fisher family at Munster but visiting as well at Malakoff. Mel married in Winnipeg; there was one child of the marriage as well as three stepchildren. He died in Winnipeg on October 11, 1968 and is buried there. MACLENNAN APPENDIX X William MacLennan was born in County Armagh, Ireland about His daughter, Theressa, was born in the United States about There is a

24 tradition that the family entered North America through Massachusetts. Soon after Theressa's birth her mother died but whether in Canada or in the United States is not known. On February 8, in the Anglican church in Kemptville, William married Sarah Dobson, the widow of David Dobson who had died in early The Dobsons had no children. On her husband's death Sarah inherited the farm on lot eleven, concession six, in Marlborough township. That is, their farm was across the road from the farm of David and Sarah McCurdy. Until 1861 William and Sarah lived on the former Dobson farm. In that year they sold that farm and purchased another on lot eight in the same concession, across the road from one that would be purchased ten years later by John McCurdy soon after his marriage to Theressa. In 1880 William and Sarah sold that farm to James Brownlee Jr. reserving a life tenancy in the house. Possibly they were destitute and this was a means of obtaining funds to live on and the certainty of a home during their lifetimes. Sarah died on February 14, 1895, at the age of eighty-three, William on May 7, 1901, at ninety-four years of age. At the end he had been cared for by Theressa's daughter, Eliza Caroline Sparks, and it was in her home near Kemptville that he died. His obituary mentions each of his five grandchildren but it refers to neither of his wives nor to Theressa who had predeceased him by nearly fifteen years. Sarah and William are buried in the cemetery at Malakoff. APPENDIX XI EWING On November 11, 1857, Thomas Ewing purchased part of lot twenty, concession seven, in Marlborough township. This was about three miles west of the McCurdy farm. Thomas and his wife, Jane, (the former Jane Conley) were members of the Malakoff group of the Weslyan Methodist church through most of the 1860's. They sold their farm on concession seven in 1869 and moved to lot nine, concession three, which was immediately adjacent to the site of the Marlborough Township Hall in the early years. They were still on the church register but with a group from the area of Victoria/Pierces Corners. In 1873 there was a notation on the register that they had "Removed to Wellington". In that year Thomas had purchased a farm on lot thirty-one, concession one of North Gower township, near the village of Kars. This was their home until

25 1888 when they sold that farm and then, or soon afterwards, moved to Essex county. In 1898 the Kemptville Weekly Advance reported the death of Mrs. Robert Conley, age eighty-five, at The Lodge, Strandtown, Belfast, Ireland. Seven sons and one daughter survived. Her oldest son, James, of Australia, was at that time visiting his sister, Mrs. Thomas Ewing of Essex. Jane Ewing died in Essex in March 1902; the date of Thomas' death is not known. ARCHY MCCURDY APPENDIX XII At least until early 1852 Archy's home was with Hugh and Jane Montgomery on their farm on the fourth concession of Goulbourn township, near Munster. On February 11, 1853, he married Margaret Montgomery in the Kemptville Anglican church. At that time both were residents of Marlborough township; David McCurdy was the only witness to the ceremony. Margaret was a sister of Jane Montgomery and a daughter of Sarah (Neilen) (Montgomery) Dennison. It is a matter of conjecture whether or not she was also a sister of David's wife, Sarah (Appendix VI). On June 10, 1856, Archy bought part of lot eighteen, concession one, in North Gower township. This farm was located about a mile north of the village of Kars and abutted one owned at that time by John Montgomery, who is thought to have been another member of the John Montgomery/Sarah Neilen family. John died in 1921 at the age of 99 years and so his date of birth fits well with those of Jane, Margaret and Sarah. There were five children born of this marriage: Sarah Jane 1853 John March 1, 1855 Eliza April 14, 1857 William October 7, 1859 Mary Ann October 9, 1862

26 Archy McCurdy (c ) and his wife Margaret Montgomery In this family the conventions were observed; the two oldest children were named after Margaret's mother and Archy's father (so far as is known), and William may have been named after his mother's brother. John and William died at the ages of six and nineteen respectively so there is no one whose name is McCurdy in descent from Archy. Eliza did not marry; Sarah Jane married Crawford Graham and Mary Ann married John James Hicks. A single child, a son, was born of each of these two marriages. Margaret died on May 7, For a time before his death on July 18, 1907, Archy lived with his daughter Eliza in Kars village. He and Margaret, their two sons and Eliza are buried in a family plot in Elmview cemetery in Kars. Immediately adjacent is the grave of Margaret's mother, Sarah Nealem (sic).

27 MALAKOFF UNITED CHURCH APPENDIX XIII Weslyan Methodist at the outset, this was the church of the McCurdys whose homes were at Malakoff. Other branches were Anglican and tradition has it that it was because of their proximity to this church that David's family became Methodist. That reason is insufficient. David and Sarah were married by a Methodist minister before they settled at Malakoff. As well their arrival in the community predated the construction of the first church building. It seems much more likely that it was the efforts of the itinerant Weslyan Methodist "saddlebag" ministers that persuaded them. The probability is great that it was the existence of Methodists in the community that triggered the construction of a building rather than the existence of a building producing Methodists. On the other hand, once built, the building may have served to confirm the McCurdys in their faith since to attend any other church would have meant trading the convenience of worship in the immediate community for extended travel and worship with strangers. Archy McCurdy was married in the Anglican church in Kemptville in This may only mean that a Methodist minister was not expected to visit Malakoff in the near future but, more likely, it reflects something more basic to Archy and his bride; they were members of the North Gower Anglican church throughout their married lives. In the earliest days the minister would have held religious services in a home in the community, probably on a less than regular basis. The first church building was erected at Malakoff in the mid-1850's. On September 22, 1855, John Hill and his wife transferred one-third of an acre of land to the Board of Trustees of the Methodist church for that purpose. In fact, the building may have already been there at that time since, when it was destroyed by fire in 1892, it was said to have "...served its people well for about forty years". The transfer in 1855 may have only formalized a condition which already existed. There was an additional transfer of land to the church trustees in 1892 for the purpose of constructing a new building but it was not (as is generally thought to be the case) to replace one lost by fire. Rather, in the course of constructing the new building, the old one was destroyed. It seems that the church shed was used to store lime which ignited spontaneously. The church and the shed were destroyed but little had been done on the new building and so nothing of it was lost. In fact, only a week earlier the trustees had decided that there

28 would be a formal laying of the cornerstone on June twenty-nine; the fire occurred on the twentieth. The real loss in the episode was felt by the Orangemen, the Good Templars and the Patrons of Industry who used the upstairs of the shed as a meeting place. Neighbours were able to save the building materials which had been delivered to the construction site and so there was no delay. The cornerstone was laid as planned and on October 25 dedicatory services were held. A church tower was not art of the initial plan but by mid-1892 sufficient funds had been subscribed to proceed with it as well. A new shed was constructed in the fall. There were problems with the contract; the trustees attempted to settle with the builder by arbitration but by mid-1893 they decided to obtain legal advice. Completion of the job was turned over to a new contractor. The new brick church served its people for over seventy-five years. Membership numbers declined in the 1950's and 1960's and the last service was held on June 30, The land and buildings were sold; the building has been converted to a residence. The cemetery is still in use.