Research Methods in Crime and Justice Brief Table of Contents

Transcription

1 Methods in Crime and Justice Brief Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgements Prologue: What s the point of this course? Part One Getting Started Chapter 1 The Practice Chapter 2 The Process Chapter 3 The Ethical Principles that Guide ers Part Two Learning Design Basics Chapter 4 Classifying Chapter 5 Causality Chapter 6 Measurement Chapter 7 Variables and the Structure of Chapter 8 Sampling Part Three Acquiring and Analyzing Data Chapter 9 Experimental Design Methods Chapter 10 Survey/Interview Methods Chapter 11 Non-Reactive Methods Chapter 12 Qualitative Methods Chapter 13 Evaluation Methods Chapter 14 Data and Information Analysis Epilogue How do you know what you know? References Glossary / Index

2 Methods in Crime and Justice Detailed Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments Prologue: What s the point of this course? Part One Getting Started Chapter 1 The Practice What is? Why do? Making Real 1.1 The Katrina Crime Wave That Wasn t Who Does? What are the Different Types of? Making Real 1.2 The Application of Pure Making Real 1.3 The Purification of Applied Where is Found? Making Real 1.4 Meeting George Kelling How is Used? When is Important? Chapter 2 The Process Making Real 2.1 The Closest Thing to Sherlock Holmes Objectives of the Process Steps of the Process Step 1: Ask a Question Step 2: Conduct a Literature Review Step 3: Refine the Question Making Real 2.2 Becoming a Cop Step 4: Define the Concepts Making Real 2.3 Conceptualizing Juvenile Crime Step 5: Create the Measures Making Real 2.4 How Religious Are You? Step 6: Design a Method Making Real 2.5 When It All Fell Down For Professor Brown Step 7: Collect the Data

3 Making Real 2.6 Professor Come Get Me! Step 8: Analyze the Data Making Real 2.7 School Fight Experiment Making Real 2.8 Perceptions of School Safety Step 9: Interpret the Results Step 10: Communicate the Findings Chapter 3 The Ethical Principles that Guide ers Making Real 3.1 Please Help Our Son! Principles of Ethical Practice Principle 1: Do No Harm Making Real 3.2 Who Knew? Principle 2: Ensure Privacy Principle 3: Obtain Voluntary and Informed Consent Principle 4: Get Permission Principle 5: Avoid Sponsorship Bias and Suppression Making Real 3.3 Daring D.A.R.E. Making Real 3.4 Liar, Liar, Pants on Fire Principle 6: Prevent Misrepresentation Making Real 3.5 The MMR Vaccine/Autism Connection Making Real 3.6 It s Really Not Safe in That Neighborhood Principle 7: Ensure the Safety of ers Making Real 3.7 Harrowing Homelessness Making Real 3.8 How About NO! Minimizing Ethical Dilemmas Legislation and Policy Oversight Institutional Review Boards Codes of Ethics Making Real 3.9 Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Code of Ethics Part Two Learning Design Basics

4 Chapter 4 Classifying Paradigms of The Purpose of The Time Dimension of Making Real 4.1 What Makes Police Officers Happy? The Nature of Data Method of Reasoning Making Real 4.2 Deductive Reasoning Making Real 4.3 Inductive Reasoning Unit of Analysis Chapter 5 Causality Making Real 5.1 What Exactly is the Cause of Crime? Temporal Order Making Real 5.2 But it is Racial Profiling? Making Real 5.3 What (and When) do Officers Know? Correlation Lack of Plausible Alternative Explanations Making Real 5.4 What is the Cause of Truancy? Making Real 5.5 Using Prior to Eliminate Plausible Alternative Explanations The Question of Spuriousness Making Real 5.6 Can it Really be Too Hot to Swim? Chapter 6 Measurement Making Real 6.1 I Can t Measure It, But That Don t Mean It Ain t Real Conceptualization and Operationalization Making Real 6.2 What is an Adult? Making Real 6.3 Operationalizing Our Definitions of Adulthood Levels of Measurement

5 Making Real 6.4 Converting from a Higher to a Lower Level of Measurement Making Real 6.5 Trying to Convert from a Lower to a Higher Level of Measurement Validity and Reliability Making Real 6.6 Are Searches an Accurate Measure of Racial Bias? Making Real 6.7 Testing the Personality of Police Officer Applicants Indexes, Scales and Typologies Making Real 6.8 How Crime Ridden is Your City? Making Real 6.9 Sorting Inmates by Behavioral Categories Quantitative Versus Qualitative Measures Making Real 6.10 A Framework for Understanding Poverty Chapter 7 Variables and the Structure of Making Real 7.1 Aggravated Assaults in the Midwest Types of Variables Making Real 7.2 An Intervention to Reduce Traffic Fatalities Caused by Intoxicated Drivers Variable Attributes Making Real 7.3 Learning About Religious Preference, With a Little Help from Our Friends Elements of a Good Question Making Real 7.4 Measuring Jesus Hypotheses in Social Making Real 7.5 Can t We Just Agree on the Question? Making Real 7.6 Sherlock the er Chapter 8 Sampling Making Real 8.1 Low Morale at the Jail Sampling Basics Sample Bias and Precision Making Real 8.2 How Safe is Your Hamburger?

6 Making Real 8.3 It s Just a Simple Telephone Survey Making Real 8.4 Predicting the Outcome of the Public Bond Election Probability Sampling Techniques Making Real 8.5 A Survey of Probationers Making Real 8.6 Measuring Binge Drinking Non-Probability Sampling Techniques Making Real 8.7 What is Life Like for an Undocumented Immigrant? Making Real 8.8 The Prostitute Study Making Real 8.9 What Happened to Sally May? Part Three Acquiring and Analyzing Data Chapter 9 Experimental Design Methods Making Real 9.1 Would a Speed Trap Reduce Traffic Crash Fatalities? Experimental Design Basics Types of Experimental Designs Threats to Internal Validity in Experiments Making Real 9.2 So Much for Community Relations Making Real 9.3 Measuring the Effect of Pornography Making Real 9.4 Measuring the Effect of Video Games Threats to External Validity in Experiments Making Real 9.5 Watching Out for Bullies Making Real 9.6 Self Esteem Among Child Abuse Victims The Benefits and Limitations of Experimental The Experimental Process Developing the Method 9.1 A Case Study in Experimental (The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment) Ask a Question Developing the Method 9.2 Asking a Question in Experimental Conduct a Literature Review Developing the Method 9.3 Conducting a Literature Review in Experimental Refine the Question Developing the Method 9.4 Refining the Question in Experimental Define the Concepts and Create the Measures

7 Developing the Method 9.5 Conceptualization and Measurement in Experimental Design a Method Developing the Method 9.6 Designing Experimental Collect the Data Developing the Method 9.7 Collecting Data in Experimental Analyze the Data and Interpret the Results Developing the Method 9.8 Analyzing and Interpreting Data from Experimental Communicate the Findings Developing the Method 9.9 Communicating the Findings from Experimental Ask another Question Developing the Method 9.10 Asking another Question in Experimental Chapter 10 Survey/Interview Methods Making Real 10.1 Just another Day at City Hall Survey Basics Types of Surveys The Benefits and Limitations of Survey Making Real 10.2 Neighborhood Crime Survey Making Real 10.3 The Effect of Marriage on Criminal Behavior The Survey Process Developing the Method 10.1 A Case Study in Survey (The Uniform Crime Reports and National Crime Victimization Survey) Ask a Question Developing the Method 10.2 Asking a Question in Survey Conduct a Literature Review Developing the Method 10.3 Conducting a Literature Review in Survey Refine the Question Developing the Method 10.4 Refining the Question in Survey Define the Concepts and Create the Measures

8 Developing the Method 10.5 Defining Concepts and Creating Measures in Survey Design a Method Developing the Method 10.6 Designing a Method in Survey Collect the Data Developing the Method 10.7 Collecting Data in Survey Analyze the Data Developing the Method 10.8 Analyzing Data in Survey Interpret the Results Developing the Method 10.9 Interpreting the Results of Survey Communicate the Findings Developing the Method Communicating the Findings from Survey Chapter 11 Non-Reactive Methods Making Real 11.1 Who Buys Gasoline Here? Non-Reactive Methods Basics Types of Non-Reactive Methods Making Real 11.2 Field in Criminal Justice Making Real 11.3 Secondary Analysis in Criminal Justice Making Real 11.4 Content Analysis in Criminal Justice The Benefits and Limitations of Non-Reactive Methods The Non-Reactive Process Ask a Question Developing the Method 11.1 A Case Study in Non-Reactive (Economic Conditions and Ideologies of Crime in the Media: A Content Analysis of Crime News) Conduct a Literature Review Developing the Method 11.2 Asking a Question in Non- Reactive Refine the Question Developing the Method Conducting a Literature Review in Non-Reactive Define the Concepts and Create the Measures Developing the Method Refining the Question in Non-Reactive Design a Method

9 Developing the Method Designing a Method in Non- Reactive Collect the Data Developing the Method Collecting Data in Non-Reactive Analyze the Data Developing the Method Analyzing Data in Non-Reactive Interpret the Results Developing the Method Interpreting the Results in Non- Reactive Communicate the Findings Developing the Method Communicating the Results of Non- Reactive Chapter 12 Qualitative Methods Making Real 12.1 Learning from my Students Qualitative Basics Types of Qualitative Methods Making Real 12.2 What is a Jack-Roller? Making Real 12.3 An Ethnography Does Not Have To Be Ethnic Making Real 12.4 What Bothers the Homicide Detectives? Benefits and Limitations of Qualitative The Qualitative Process Developing the Method 12.1 A Case Study in Qualitative (A Study of Crime and Place) Ask a Question Developing the Method Asking a Question in Qualitative Conduct a Literature Review Developing the Method 12.3 Conducting a Literature Review in Qualitative Refine the Question Developing the Method 12.4 Refining the Question in Qualitative Define the Concepts and Create the Measures Developing the Method 12.5 Defining Concepts and Creating Measures in Qualitative Design a Method

10 Developing the Method 12.6 Designing a Method in Qualitative Collect and Analyze the Data Developing the Method 12.7 Collecting and Analyzing Data in Qualitative Interpret the Results Developing the Method 12.8 Interpreting the Results in Qualitative Communicate the Findings Developing the Method 12.9 Communicating the Results of Qualitative Chapter 13 Evaluation Methods Making Real 13.1 These Warrants are Driving me Crazy! Evaluation Basics Types of Evaluation Making Real 13.2 Assessing Megan s Law Benefits and Limitations of Evaluation Making Real 13.3 Let s Just Don t Go Down There Anymore The Evaluation Process Developing the Method 13.1 A Case Study in Evaluation (The Police Protective Custody Process) Ask a Question Developing the Method 13.2 Asking a Question in Evaluation Conduct a Literature Review Developing the Method 13.3 Conducting a Literature Review in Evaluation Refine the Question Developing the Method 13.4 Refining the Question in Evaluation Define the Concepts and Create the Measures Developing the Method 13.5 Defining Concepts and Creating Measures in Evaluation Design a Method Developing the Method 13.6 Designing a Method in Evaluation Collect the Data Developing the Method 13.7 Collecting Data in Evaluation

11 Analyze the Data and Interpret the Results Developing the Method 13.8 Analyzing and Interpreting Data in Evaluation Communicate the Findings Developing the Method 13.9 Communicating the Findings from Evaluation Chapter 14 Data and Information Analysis Making Real 14.1 Anticipating Analysis Quantitative Data Analysis Descriptive Statistics Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) Variability (range, standard deviation, percentages, percentiles, percent change) The normal distribution Making Real 14.2 How Intelligent are the Inmates in our System? Inferential Statistics Statistical significance t-tests Making Real 14.3 Improving the Self Esteem of Juvenile Offenders Analysis of variance (ANOVA) Making Real 14.4 Improving the Self Esteem of Juvenile Offenders Part II Chi Square Making Real 14.5 Profiling at the Airport Pearson r Making Real 14.6 Keeping Kids Involved Spearman rho Multiple regression Making Real 14.7 Keeping Kids Involved Part II Selecting an appropriate inferential statistical technique Qualitative Data Analysis Making Real 14.8 It Wasn t What He Said; It Was How He Said It! Transcription Memoing Segmenting Making Real 14.9 A Typology of Violence

12 Coding Diagramming Matrices Epilogue How do you know what you know? References Glossary / Index