FOWIND Newsletter. Welcome to the FOWIND Newsletter. 13 Jan 2016 Volume -4, Edition 4 FOREWORD

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1 FOWIND Newsletter Denmark Saylor / GWEC 13 Jan 2016 Volume -4, Edition 4 FOREWORD Welcome to the FOWIND Newsletter The FOWIND project is about to enter the third year of its inception. During the past two years, important milestones were achieved through various activities by the partners which include: release of Inception report, Policy and Market Assessment Report, Prefeasibility Report, conducting capacity building and R&D workshops, and undertaking a study tour to Germany. FOWIND has been successful in sensitizing government stakeholders, leading to prompt action on the policy front. Inputs from the FOWIND exercise have also supported the formation of the National Offshore Wind Energy Policy of India. The Union Cabinet has approved the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) as the Nodal Ministry for overall development of the offshore wind energy sector. The National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) would be the Nodal Agency for allocation of offshore wind energy blocks, obtaining clearances and approvals and liasing with other ministries and agencies. An Offshore Wind Energy Steering Committee (OWESC), chaired by the Secretary, MNRE, is also envisaged under the policy, to provide policy guidance and to oversee the development of the sector. India has pledged to pursue a low-carbon path of development in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted at ongoing COP 21 in Paris, wherein the country plans to achieve 40% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel based energy resources and reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33%-35%by 2030 from 2005 level. Offshore wind will obliviously play a major role in achieving this goal. The FOWIND project is on the verge of completion of crucial infrastructure studies on grid integration, port infrastructure and supply chains. Further, the upcoming year will witness LiDAR installation and commencement of wind datacollection in the state of Gujarat. Inputs from these activities will give further information and confidence towards establishing demonstration projects. FOWIND has also started pushing ahead with research and development efforts through the development of an offshore R&D platform which will bring together Indian institutions, stakeholders and foreign expertise to share knowledge and benefit from indigenous capabilities and international expertise. Such demonstration projects will need further guidelines and incentives will need to be formulated to attract initial investments. Once the creditworthiness of offshore wind projects is established, clearer policy guidelines and fiscal and regulatory incentives will pave the way for commercial offshore wind deployment in the coming years. Hence activities under the FOWIND project during the third and fourth year are very important for the development of the Indian offshore wind energy sector. We look forward to your continued support and advice. G M Pillai Director General, World Institute of Sustainable Energy

2 In This Issue Foreword Article Project Update FOWIND in International and National Events Events Calendar Partners Offshore Wind Policy - Way Forward for India Dr. Rajesh Katyal, Deputy Director General & Unit Head - OSWH&IB National Institute of Wind Energy, Chennai, Under Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India. katyal.niwe@nic.in Dr. S. Gomathinayagam, Director General National Institute of Wind Energy, Chennai, Under Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India. dg.niwe@nic.in The National Institute of Wind Energy (Formerly Centre for Wind Energy Technology) was established in Chennai as an autonomous R&D institution by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) to serve as a technical focal point for wind power development in India. The institution is dedicated towards providing comprehensive R&D on components as well as sub-systems of wind turbines for the benefit of the wind industry in the country. NIWE also provides focused services such as wind resource assessment, and Provisional Type Certification of wind turbines as per the Indian Certification Scheme for Wind Turbines through its wind turbine testing station (WTTS) based in Kayathar. Introduction Clusters of wind turbines installed in the sea for power generation are generally known as offshore wind farms. The depth of water can be few meters up to 20/30 meters. There would be financial constraints to have wind turbines installed in deep waters beyond this depth. Logarithmic profiles of onshore and offshore wind turbines FOWIND 2015 Offshore wind development zones are generally considered not very far from land, due to evacuation using sub-sea cable grid. The surfaces of seas are generally smooth thus the roughness of the seascape is very low at steady wind speeds. Thereby, winds available on the sea are less turbulent and possess higher density when compared to that on land; as such the turbines located at sea are expected to have higher generation as well as longer life than land based turbines. Capacity Utilization Factors (CUF) in offshore are considerably higher than for onshore and near-shore locations. Offshore wind turbines are less obtrusive than turbines on land, as their apparent size and noise can be mitigated by distance. The Logarithmic profiles indicating increasing wind speeds with height for typical onshore and offshore wind turbines are detailed in Figure Economics of offshore wind power Unlike the onshore projects, the cost of wind turbine itself forms only about 45 to 50% of the project cost (Figure 2). The evacuation facilities (HVDC OR HVAC, High Voltage DC/AC) will range between 20 to 25% depending on the distance from the shore and as to whether on AC or DC bus is employed. DC link is expected to be cheaper when the distances to the shore are larger. Foundation costs will be in the range of 15 to 25% of the project cost. Project management and other expenditure will be at about 5%.

3 Economics of offshore wind power However, the depth of the sub-structure foundation plays a major role in deciding the installation cost per MW for offshore wind farming. The Table 1 shows the indicative cost per MW of installation with respect to its depth obtained from the experiences of a few countries who are major players in contemporary offshore wind power technology. FOWIND 2015 It can be observed that the cost approximately ranges from Rs. 13 to Rs.17 Crores /MW for a shallow water depth up to 20 m. For water depths of over 30 m, cost doubles up to the tune of Rs. 25 Crores/MW. Economics of offshore wind power plant Table 1 : Indicative cost per MW of installation with respect to its depth for global countries Country Denmark Cost per MW of Installation in (Euro) and in Rs. Equivalent 1.4million (min); 2.1 million (average) Rs Crores (min); Rs Crores (average) Average Water Depth < 10 m Germany 4.3 million (average); Rs. 25 Crores > 30 m Netherlands 2.4 million (average); Rs Crores < 15 m United Kingdom 2.3 million (average); Rs Crores < 20 m USA 2.8 million (average); Rs. 17 Crores (average) < 20 m China 2.2 million (average); Rs Crores < 5 m Source : Wind Energy Facts -European wind energy association, Alpha Ventus - Germany, Offshore Wind -UK, Cape Wind Project -USA and Shanghai Dong Hai Bridge Offshore Wind Project -China. Offshore wind energy in India India is blessed with a long coastline of about 7,600 km. Under a National wind monitoring programme winds have been measured at 54 locations on the coastline. The western coastline has modest potential at sea level. Measurements along the coastal Kerala and Karnataka have shown marginal sites indicating that winds are rather poor in the first hundred meters. Elevated hills of Goa also exhibit similar trends. As one moves up northwards there is some improvement but it is not something that will attract offshore wind farming. Coastline around Gujarat (Figure 3) has reasonable potential but is prone to cyclonic conditions. East coast also has a modest potential but is prone to cyclonic conditions, which is again not very comfortable situation. Accordingly, suitable offshore wind turbines must be selected to adapt to these conditions, above the sea, in the waters and foundation suiting to the marine sea-bed topology.

4 With an objective to further examine the feasibility (wind speed/direction) of setting up of offshore wind farm, NIWE has installed a specially designed 100 m marine compatible (anti-corrosive treated) guyed mast at Rameswaram, Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu. The measurements have shown that the annual average wind speeds at Rameswaram is 8.5 m/s with corresponding plant load factor 41%. Also, Kanyakumari has indicated annual average wind speeds of 10 m/s at 80 m level with plant load factor as 45% (Figure-4). But this needs to be rechecked through fresh long term measurements at Kanyakumari, as Rameswaram has now bankable investment grade for the past two years. Indian Offshore - Coastline of Gujarat Indian Offshore - Coastline from Kanyakumari to Rameswaram Offshore wind development in India Imminent Issues The significant challenges / imminent issues that exist in offshore wind power deployment in India are detailed below : (i) Environmental and technical constraints : The key planning and environmental constraints to be considered at each specific offshore location with regard to water depth, soil conditions, environmental issues are: Bathymetry, tidal range and metocean constraints, seabed conditions (Figure 5), shipping constraints, military constraints, radar constraints, and distance from shore and wave heights (Figure 6). The requisite clearances from military authorities, port authorities, coast guards, oil/telecommunication companies and other Governmental agencies are required to be facilitated preferably by a single window for speedy development of offshore projects in the country, well co-ordinated by notified Nodal Agency NIWE under the Nodal Ministry, MNRE, Govt. of India. Seabed condition Typical view indicating water levels in the sea w.r.t. tower height of turbine

5 (ii ) Grid constraints and Power evacuation A review of the grid connection options would be essential. The inputs for such a review will include the distance of offshore site from coast, cable routing options and other technical options relating to sub-sea cabling (AC/DC) to transmit power. It is not only the sub-sea cabling to transmit power to land which needs to be addressed, but also the up-scaling of the existing transmission/distribution system needs serious attention. Up-scaling of transformer / underwater sea cabling (iii) Construction strategies Offshore substation being lifted on to the foundation. The construction of offshore wind farms is significantly more complex than an equivalent on shore project. Issues that need to be reviewed are Foundation requirements (Figure 9 & 10) appropriate to water depths, Piling capacities and equipment for different sub-marine soil conditions, Special Vessel requirements for transporting for large fabricated segments/components from shore. Also weather windows together with weather complaint floating erection cranes along with skilled team is envisaged as essential and necessary for installation of offshore wind turbines. The identification of the nearest suitable ports for construction and operation for continuous logistic support is essential. Concrete substructure foundation Offshore floating foundation

6 (iv) Economic benefits and financial model The project specific economic implications of offshore wind power development at the specified regions need to be investigated through study of Capital expenditure, operational expenditure, expected O&M costs, Wind farm power production and Long term power purchase agreements (PPA). Financial incentive schemes need to be reviewed in order to identify the most appropriate scheme for off shore wind industry in India. National Offshore Wind Energy Policy National Offshore Wind Energy Policy was notified as per the Gazette notification dated 06 October 2015 for the development of offshore wind power in India. As per the policy document, offshore wind energy development, including, setting up of offshore wind power projects and research & development activities will be carried out, in waters, in or adjacent to the country up to the seaward distance of 200 nautical miles (Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the country) from the base line (Mean Tidal Line). Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) will be the Nodal Ministry for development of Offshore Wind Energy in India and act as one of the government entities, among others, for Development and Use of Maritime Space within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the country. National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE), one of the arms of MNRE will act as the Nodal Agency for the development of offshore wind energy in the country. (i) Developmental Model The development model framed in the policy adequately addresses the challenges of offshore wind power development. The development model will be in steps mainly consisting of: ŸStudies and surveys ŸRequest for clearances/no Objection Certificates from the related Ministries/ departments. ŸLeasing of seabed and allocation of blocks ŸPower Evacuation ŸFinal approval for commissioning of wind farm Other aspects like security of off shore wind farm, decommissioning, monitoring of development in new offshore wind energy blocks, incentives and capacity building have been covered in the model. Progress made so far Studies and surveys A Pre-feasibility study for offshore wind power development in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu has been carried out by the Facilitating Offshore Wind energy in India (FOWIND) project by a consortium led by the Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) during May As a part of this project, a prefeasibility analysis of offshore zones in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, through preliminary resource and feasibility assessments have been carried out. Eight potential zones have been identified each in the States of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, as shown in Figure capacity building have been covered in the model.

7 : Identified eight zones in the State of Gujarat Indentified eight zones in the State of Tamilnadu Way Forward (i) LiDAR Measurements NIWE has been entrusted to carry out preliminary wind resource assessment and coordinating the bathymetric / oceanographic studies for demarcation of the offshore wind energy block. The model studies carried out by FOWIND in their pre-feasibility reports needs to be rechecked by long-term measurements using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) to mitigate the risk of under performance for the expected design life of the offshore wind turbines. For the purpose, it is decided to install the LiDAR at Gulf of Khambhat in Gujarat. NIWE is also exploring the possibility of LiDAR measurements near to Tuticorin Port in Tamil Nadu as shown in Figure LiDAR location along Tuticorin Port : LiDAR location at Gulf of Khambhat in Gujarat : LiDAR location at Gulf of Mannar in Tamilnadu For the installation of LiDAR, NIWE is in the process of installing a fixed fabricated platform mounted on a steel monopile structure. The structure will have a height of 10 m above the high tide level (approx 2.4 m above mean sea level (MSL)) and the support platform is designed for diameter of 5 m as shown in Figure 15. The measurements in Gujarat is proposed to begin in April 2016 for a minimum period of 1 year extendable to 2 years.

8 The State-I clearances have to be obtained before notifying the offshore wind energy blocks for International Competitive Bidding (ICB). On allocation of block, the successful bidder/developer will have to take Clearances/NOCs from various Central and State Government Ministries/Departments (Stage-II Clearances). Conclusion The LiDAR measurement will provide useful pointers in deciding the potential zones for offshore wind farm deployment by way of International Competitive Bidding (ICB). This will mark India's foray into offshore wind energy sector. The successful deployment of offshore wind program will make offshore wind cost-competitive with other generation through reduction of uncertainties and refinement of technology. In addition, it will catalyze the nascent commercial offshore wind industry resulting in Giga watt-scale deployment of offshore wind technology. The offshore wind farm development is therefore an idea whose time has come and India shall go all out to translate this idea into reality with further delay. Support structure for mounting LiDAR

9 Requisite clearances / no objection certificates from related Ministries MNRE/NIWE is in the process of standardizing the procedure for requisite clearances required for offshore wind development as detailed below: Sr.no Ministry / Department Stage-I Clearances Stage-II Clearances (or NOCs) 1 Ministry of Environment & Forest In-Principle Clearances EIA and CRZ clearances 2 Ministry of Defence In-Principle Clearances Clearances related to defence and security aspects, related to Army, Navy, Air force, DRDO and other such institutions under MoD. 3 Ministry of External Affairs In-Principle Clearances Clearance for development of offshore wind energy projects within the maritime zones of India 4 Ministry of Home Affairs In-Principle Clearances Clearance regarding deployment of foreign nationals in offshore wind energy blocks. 5 Ministry of Civil Aviation No clearance needed at this stage Clearance for construction near aviation radars / aerodromes. No clearance / No Objection Certificate required for all other locations. 6 Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas No clearance needed at this stage Clearance for offshore wind power installations proposed in Oil & Gas Blocks. No Objection Certificate for construction outside the offshore oil & Gas Blocks 7 Ministry of Shipping No clearance needed at this stage 8 Department of Space In-Principal Clearance Clearance for projects near Major Ports. No Objection Certificate to operate away from shipping lanes. Clearance from security angle with regard to Dept. of Space installations and for minimum safety distance to be maintained from the Dept. of Space installations. 9 Department of Telecommunication No clearance needed at this stage No Objection Certificate to operate outside subsea communication cable zones. 10 Ministry of Mines No clearance needed at this stage No Objection Certificate to operate outside mining zones. This article is contributed by our knowledge partner National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) and has been published as received from them.

10 WORK PLAN UPDATE PROJECT ACTIONS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ACTION PLAN FOR THE FIRST 6 MONTHS LiDAR procurement : Vendor finalised Selection of sites for LiDAR deployment in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) joined the Project consortium as knowledge partner Inception workshop in India for EU India offshore research platform was held in Chennai on 18 September 2015 Study on impact of large scale integration of offshore wind in the grid at Gujarat and Tamil Nadu Study on ports, vessels, infrastructure and supply chain requirements in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu 1 To create an enabling environment through resource mapping, policy guidance and capacity building measures to unlock the offshore potential of India 2 To utilize EU offshore learning to reduce technical barriers, financial risks 3 Undertake techno-commercial studies to showcase the potential of offshore wind projects 4 To create strategic partnerships, which enhance access to and awareness of offshore wind technology FOR THE NEXT 6 MONTHS Completion and release of all grid, ports, vessels, infrastructure and supply chain infrastructure assessment study reports LiDAR calibration and deployment Begin LIDAR data acquisition and resource analysis Follow-up workshop for cross-study training in Europe for EU India offshore research platform Initiation of the development of national offshore project facilitation guideline

11 FOWIND Event One-Day International Workshop on Joint Indo- European Offshore Wind Research & Development (R&D) Platform Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC), World Institute of Sustainable Energy (WISE) and National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) organized a one day international inception workshop to initiate the formation of an R&D platform, as envisaged by the FOWIND consortium to develop linkages between European and Indian research and development institutes from related fields and to facilitate long-term R&D collaboration possibilities, including technology adoption guidelines for offshore wind in India. The workshop was held at NIWE Conference Centre, Velacherry, Chennai , Tamil Nadu. Under the leadership of NIWE, who joined the FOWIND consortium as the knowledge partner, FOWIND is committed to establish a self-sustaining, joint Indo-European Offshore Wind R&D Platform; whose efforts would further support development of India-specific research, addressing conditions in Indian territorial waters. This platform would help to facilitate effective knowledge exchange and cooperation between European and Indian R&D institutes. Delegates during the One-day International Inception Workshop on Joint Indo-European Offshore Wind Research and Development (R&D) Platform FOWIND 2015 The event had representations from various Public sector Institutes like National Institute of Ocean Technology, National Institute of Oceanography, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Chennai, IIT Delhi. European representatives from Fraunhauffer IWES, German Offshore Wind Energy Foundation and DNV GL provided the much required EU perspective of the R&D platform and shared their experience and knowledge in the offshore development sector.

12 FOWIND's participation in the European Wind Energy Association's (EWEA) 2015 Annual Event Shruti Shukla, Director of Policy and Global Projects for GWEC presented FOWIND's outcomes at the European Wind Energy Conference in Paris, France. The conference and exhibition, held from of November this year, is the largest wind industry conclave in Europe. There was tremendous interest from the European wind industry players in the recent developments in the Indian wind market including the announcement of the Offshore Wind Policy. FOWIND pre-feasibility report outcomes were discussed in some depth at the conference. Shruti Shukla, Director of Policy and Global Projects for GWEC presenting FOWIND's outcomes at the European Wind Energy Conference FOWIND 2015

13 EVENTS CALENDAR GLOBAL EVENTS Sixth Session of the IRENA Assembly : January 2016 Abu Dhabi, UAE Organized by IRENA The Assembly is IRENA's ultimate decision-making authority and is made up of one representative from each Member. It convenes annually to discuss and decide upon issues such as the work programme, the budget, the adoption of reports, applications for membership and potential amendments to Agency activities. The sixth session of the IRENA Assembly will highlight the critical facets of the global energy transition that the world is undergoing. IRENA will host its first one-day Legislators Forum in Abu Dhabi (UAE), ahead of the sixth session of its annual Assembly. The IRENA Assembly will be the first major inter-governmental meeting taking place following COP21 in Paris. With renewable energy integral to the future of any action on climate change, and the IRENA membership considering the future work of the Agency, this Assembly will begin operationalising the outcomes of Paris into a credible and sustainable international effort to scale up renewable energy deployment. Items for consideration at the sixth session of the Assembly, include, among others: ŸAnnual Report of the Director-General on the implementation of the Work Programme and Budget ŸWork Programme and Budget for ŸReview of the Medium-term Strategy ŸIRENA/ADFD Project Facility. This year, the IRENA Assembly again coincides with the beginning of the Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week (ADSW), a high-profile series of international energy meetings to be held in Abu Dhabi on January ADSW will also feature a number of meetings and thematic events hosted by IRENA. Further information can be found on the event website at: IRENA Mexico Wind Power Exhibition & Congress : February 2016 Mexico City Organized by Amdee, GWEC and E.J. Krause de Mexico At of the end of 2015, Mexico had an installed capacity of 2,551 MW, in 31 wind farms operating in Oaxaca, Baja California, Chiapas, Jalisco, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Nuevo Leon. Currently six more projects are in construction phase and will start operations in 2015, contributing 732 MW more to the country's wind-power installed capacity. By 2018, more than 9,500 MW are expected to be available, representing close to 8% of Mexico's total power generation. An exhibition is being held from 10:00 to 19:00 hrs. The conference is held between 8:00 and 18:30 hrs. For more information please visit: mexicowindpower

14 EVENTS CALENDAR GLOBAL EVENTS WIND POWER- Conference & Exhibition : May 2016 New Orleans, USA Organised by AWEA WINDPOWER is the annual conference and exhibition for the U.S. wind industry hosted by the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA). It's the nexus of wind energy professionals who converge to generate actionable ideas for expanding the wind energy economy through technology and collaboration. For more information please visit: Windpowerexpo

15 EVENTS CALENDAR NATIONAL EVENTS 17th International Training Course on Wind Turbine Technology and Applications for ITEC/SCAAP Partner Countries - 03 February - 01 March 2016 Chennai This training programme addresses all aspects of Wind Power starting from wind resource assessment to installation, operation and maintenance aspects of wind farms along with financial analysis and CDM benefits. This is a special training course for Indian Technical and Economic Co-operation (ITEC) and Special Commonwealth Assistance for Africa Programme (SCAAP) partner Countries. 19th National Training Course on Wind Energy Technology March 2016 Chennai This training programme addresses all aspects of Wind Power starting from Wind from wind resources assessment to project implementation and operations & maintenance in a focused manner. NIWE's training calendar for 2016 can be found at: NIWE

16 PARTNERS About FOWIND FOWIND is supported by a 4 million contribution through the European Union's Indo-European Cooperation on Renewable Energy Programme. FOWIND will facilitate India's transition towards low carbon development by supporting implementation of national policies and programmes for offshore wind power. The project is being implemented by the consortium led by GWEC. Global Wind Energy Council is the international trade association for the wind power industry. The members of GWEC represent over 1,500 companies, organisations and institutions in more than 70 countries, including manufacturers, developers, component suppliers, research institutes, national wind and renewables associations, electricity providers, finance and insurance companies. Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy is one of the largest think tanks in South-East Asia; its vision is to enrich the nation with technology-enabled policy options for equitable growth. CSTEP is a multidisciplinary policy research organisation working in the areas of Energy, Infrastructure, Materials, Climate Adaptation and Security Studies. DNV GL now forms the world's largest ship and offshore classification society, and a leading expert for the energy value chain including renewables and energy efficiency. It has also taken a position as one of the top three certification bodies in the world. Operating in more than 100 countries, its 16,000 professionals are dedicated to helping customers make the world safer, smarter and greener. Gujarat Power Corporation Limited has been playing the role of developer and catalyser in the energy sector in the state of Gujarat. GPCL is increasing its involvement in power projects in renewable sector, as the State of Gujarat is concerned about the issues of pollution and global warming. Gujarat has over 3GW of installed onshore wind capacity currently. World Institute of Sustainable Energy is a not-for-profit institute located in Pune, India, committed to the cause of promoting sustainable energy and sustainable development, with specific emphasis on issues related to renewable energy, energy security, and climate change. Since its inception in 2004, WISE has pioneered many important initiatives in the above areas.

17 PARTNERS Knowledge Partner from June 2015 National Institute of Wind Energy - NIWE joined the FOWIND project consortium as a knowledge-partner on 15th June NIWE will support FOWIND efforts towards preliminary feasibility assessments for potential offshore wind project development in the states of Gujarat & Tamil Nadu - with a special focus on wind resource validation efforts. NIWE is an autonomous R&D institution under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, established to serve as a technical focal point for orderly development of Wind Power deployment in India. NIWE, a knowledge based institution of high quality and dedication, seeks to find total solutions for the major stakeholders across the entire spectrum of the wind energy sector. It supports the wind turbine industry in achieving and sustaining quality such that products of the highest quality and reliability are installed. This project is co-funded by the European Union info@fowind.in Web : Call Us : , FOWIND Project Management Unit, C/o World Institute of Sustainable Energy, Plot No : 44, Hindustan Estates, Road No:2, Kalyani Nagar, Pune