Characteristics of Apex Anchors
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1 Characteristics of Apex Anchors Peter A. Swan, Ph.D. President, Member BofD s International Space Elevator Consortium Member IAA, Fellow, TBIS, AIAA International Space Elevator Conference Seattle s Museum of Flight August 2018 Image by chasedesignstudios.com 8/17/18 2
2 Strategic Approach Our Strategy is to link the Space Elevator Transportation System to the Space Elevator Enterprise; within a Unifying Vision The Galactic Harbour. 8/17/18 3
3 42164 km 106,378 km Apex Anchor Region 670 km GEO Node Region 265 km The Vision of a Galactic Harbour SPACE ELEVATOR EARTH PORT AT IOC Climber To (From) GEO NODE Tethers Earth Port Boundary 42,000 km Climber Atmosphere to approx. 40 km Surface of the Earth (ocean) Tether Terminus #2 FOP (or island base) Tether Terminus #1 Ocean water depth 4 to 5 km Bo< om of the ocean (variable) Earth Port underwater security zone ( km diameter) 40 km Earth Port 6378 km Radius =.36 degrees 8/17/18 Fitzer 28 4
4 The Future of Space Elevators Family Of Elevators Apex Anchors 628 km Apex Anchor Interplanetary Research Interplanetary Departure 100,000 km GEO Node 263 km 36,000 km Space Elevator GEO Region Research Space Elevator & Flight Center Enterprise Space Elevator Interplanetary Flight Support 40 km Fitzer 30 8/17/18 5
5 Overview The Apex Anchor is the upper terminus of the space elevator tether establishing essential stability for the entire system. Located 100,000 km above the Earth Balances the mass of the tether below GEO Adds tension to keep tether taut in operation The Apex Anchor Missions: The Apex Anchor will be a key green is up to IOC and beyond element in the stability of a space elevator infrastructure during operations. The Apex Anchor will ensure support to operations, movement, storage, off-loading, on-loading, placement of customer payloads. In addition, it will help to ensure that space elevator components and scientific equipment are safe, blue is for post IOC Image by chasedesignstudios.com 8/17/18 protected, enabled, and robust. 6
6 Apex Anchor Deployment The Apex Anchor begins as the tether deployment vehicle, assembled in LEO Raised to GEO to initiate tether deployment As tether descends, the vehicle ascends to its final position gravity gradient forces dominant so no large energies required As tether buildup vehicles reinforce the tether, additional mass is added to the Apex Anchor to maintain tether balance and tension The additional mass can come from the tetherbuildup vehicles themselves, tether climbers not worth reusing, spacecraft derelicts recovered from lower orbits, even captured asteroids 8/17/18 7
7 Space Elevator Missions and Functions at Apex Anchor Provide Low Cost Access to Space Ensure Environmentally Friendly Space Access Provide Support Services to Customers Construction of major space systems Interplanetary Exploration Space Resource Utilization Manned Spaceflight Space Tourism Colonization of the Solar System Disposal of Nuclear Power Wastes Scientific Investigations Collection of Space Debris greeen is up to IOC blue is post IOC 8/17/18 8
8 Where Are We Headed? IOC: Initial Operational Capability Consists of two complete but basic space elevators with a single headquarters and Primary Operations Center Rated for cargo with robotics Capable of processing multiple [>5] 20-ton climbers per week on each elevator FOC: Full Operational Capability Each space elevator with two tethers, each pair with an op center GEO Node of 100 MTon and other elements as needed Significantly stronger tether Capacity increased to 70-ton climbers about three per week Passenger rated, enabling tourism and other applications 8/17/18 9
9 Apex Region at IOC SPACE ELEVATOR APEX Region IOC concept APEX Node Regional Boundary Multi-function APEX OPS Center APEX Region Sensing Climber arriving Climber arriving To/From GEO and Gates Tether GEO Region & Earth Port To/From GEO and Gates 8/17/
10 Apex Anchor Functions: Pre-IOC Note: early on, the principle Customer is the owner/operator Of the space elevator. 8/17/
11 Apex Anchor after IOC SPACE ELEVATOR APEX Region Post-IOC concept APEX Node Regional Boundary APEX Region Sensing Multi-function APEX OPS Center Interplanetary Mission Arriving Climber arriving Climber arriving Interplanetary Mission Departing Tether To/From GEO and Gates GEO Region & Earth Port To/From GEO and Gates 8/17/
12 Apex Anchor Functions: To & Beyond FOC 8/17/
13 Summary Each of you get to look at my brief sketch of my view of the Apex Anchor and take it to the next level. The Edwards architecture used a dumb counterweight. The Obayashi Corporation essentially ignored it. ISEC is trying to describe it and its functions with a mission. Have fun exploring this unique arena! Recently the ISEC Chief Architect Nicely Described where we are:. seems a bit like we are ready to begin to start but indeed we ARE ready to begin to start. And.. WE ARE CLOSER THAN YOU THINK 8/17/
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