Timing Considerations Using FFT-based Measuring Receivers for EMI Compliance Measurements
|
|
- Alannah Dawson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Timing Considerations Using FFT-based Measuring Receivers for EMI Compliance Measurements Jens Medler Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Abstract The use of FFT-based measuring receivers for EMI compliance measurements is motivated by the desire to reduce the scan time by several orders of magnitude and to gain additional insights by applying longer measurement times.usage of an appropriate measurement time is the key to comprehensively record the disturbance characteristic of the equipment under test (EUT). Keywords EMI receiver; FFT-based measuring receiver; spectrum analyzer; EMI compliance measurement; CISPR ; CISPR Introduction With rd the publication of Amendment 1 to the 3 Edition of CISPR [1] in June 2010, FFTbased measuring receivers were introduced for EMI compliance measurements. Usage of such receivers is motivated by the desire to reduce the scan time by several orders of magnitude without entailing any degradation of the accuracy. To achieve this significant improvement, FFT based receiversmeasure spectral segments that are much wider than the resolution bandwidth during the measurement time by performing parallel calculations at multiple frequencies (Figure 1). In contrast, classic EMI receivers measure the signal within the resolution bandwidth in a given measurement time, thereby requiring a longer scan time for the entire frequency range. Figure 1 FFT-based measurement versus classic stepped scan Related specifications for the measurement methods to be used with FFT-based measuring receivers were published in the relevant parts of CISPR 16-2 (see section II) [2]. This article focuses on the selection of an appropriate measurement time using an FFT-based receiver for measuring broadband disturbance and intermittent signals. This paper is the author's continuation of the topic "Use of FFTbased EMI test receivers for EMI compliance measurements" which was published in SAFETY & EMC in 2013 [3]. Concept of CISPR 16-2 The CISPR 16-2 basic standard series describes methods for measuring disturbance and immunity. For disturbance measurements, the following parts are relevant: CISPR for conducted disturbance measurements CISPR for measurements of disturbance power CISPR for radiated disturbance measurements In all three parts, definition of the minimum measurement and scan times for continuous disturbances represents a major requirement. In general, it is important to choose a setting that allows measurement of the maximum emission while ensuring that disturbance signals are not overlooked. To achieve this objective, CISPR 16-2 requires usage of minimum measurement times which are equivalent for stepping and FFT-based EMI receivers (see Table 1). In addition, the frequency step size must be equal to half of the resolution bandwidth (band A: 200 Hz, band B: 9 khz, band C/D: 120 khz) or less. These requirements are also applicable to spectrum analyzers, resulting in the minimum scan times shown in Table2. Note: The terms sweep and scan time are used interchangeably within CISPR The sweep/scan time T s is defined as the time between the start and stop frequency of a sweep or scan. Tables1 and Tables 2 apply to CW signals. 22 SAFETY & EMC 2015
2 Table 1 Minimum measurement times for CW signals acc. to CISPR [2] Frequency band Minimum measurement time T m A 9~150 khz 1 0 ms B 0.15~30 MHz 0.5 ms C and D 30~1 000 MHz 0.06 ms E 1~18 GHz 0.01 ms approach for this purpose. It is essential to use a sufficient number of sweep points and a long sweep time (> 15 s). For CISPR band B (150 khz to 30 MHz), around sweep points are sufficient, which corresponds to a step size of about one half of the resolution bandwidth. The thick curve in Figure 3 is a good indication that intermittent signals exist. As long as the spectrum display continues changing, there may be more intermittent signals to discover. Table 2 Minimum scan times for CW signals in the three CISPR bands with peak and quasi-peak detectors acc. to CISPR [2] Frequency band Scan time T s for peak detection A 9~150 khz 10 ms s=47 min Scan time T s for quasi-peak detection B 0.15~30 MHz 0.5 ms s=99.5 min=1 h 39 min C and D 30~1 000 MHz 0.06 ms s=323.3 min=5 h 23 min Depending on the type of disturbance, the measurement time T m or the scan time T s may have to be increased - even for quasi-peak measurements. In extreme cases, the measurement time T m at a certain frequency may have to be increased to 15 s if the level of the observed emission is not steady. The measurement time used in stepping and FFT-based measuring receivers and the sweep time used in spectrum analyzers are the key to ensure that disturbance signals are not missed during automatic scans or sweeps over frequency spans. Therefore, a timing analysis of the EUT disturbance characteristic has to be performed before executing automated measurements (Figuer 2). Figure 3 Frequency sweep in spectrum analyzer mode; sweep time > 15 around sweep points; EUT: touch dimmer of halogen lamp Next, select a frequency of interest and switch to Zero Span mode to analyze the signal in the time domain. The example in Figure 4 shows an interval between pulses of 20 ms. Figure 2 Analysis steps for automated or semi-automated measurements To demonstrate such timing analysis, a dimmer of a halogen lamp was measured using the spectrum analyzer's Zero Span mode. As an alternative, an oscilloscope may be connected to the receiver's IF output. First, an overview measurement was performed with the peak detector to find critical frequencies for the timing analysis. Performing multiple sweeps with maximum hold is a good Figure 4 Zero span measurement in spectrum analyzer mode shows a pulse interval of 20 ms; EUT: touch dimmer of halogen lamp. For automated measurements, two cases must be considered: single and multiple scans or sweeps. Single scans or sweeps For a single scan or sweep, the measurement time at each frequency must be larger than the intervals between pulses for intermittent signals. If the measurement or sweep time is too short, erroneous measurement results will be obtained. SAFETY & EMC
3 Multiple scans or sweeps For performing multiple sweeps with maximum hold, the observation time at each frequency needs to be sufficient to intercept intermittent signals, i.e. the observation time has to be selected according to the pulse repetition interval of the disturbance signals (see timing analysis above). If the sweep timeper sweep is too fast, the probabilityof intercept per sweep is very low and erroneous measurement results will be obtained (see Figure 5). Increasing the sweep time per sweep gives a higher probability of intercept (see Figure 6). Figure 5 Visualization of intercepts low probability of intercept per sweep using very high sweep rate steady. The following equation can be used to calculate the minimum sweep time for multiple sweeps: T s min=2 ( f/b res 2 ) (1) where T s min is the min. sweep time for multiple sweeps f is the frequency span B res is the resolution bandwidth Timing Considerations using FFTbased Measuring Instruments Today's FFT-based measuring receivers are limited by the currently available analog-to-digital converters(adc), e.g. for a 1 GHz measuring receiver an ADC is necessary with 2 GS/s sampling rate to meet the Nyquist criterion. Furthermore, preselection filters and high resolution ADCs (e.g. 16 bits for 30 MHz FFT bandwidth) are necessary to meet the CISPR overload requirements for quasi-peak detection. Therefore, today's FFT-based receivers cannot sample and evaluate the complete CISPR bands C/D (30 MHz to MHz) and E (1 GHz to 18 GHz) in one shot. Instead, they combine parallel calculations at N frequencies with a stepped scan. For this purpose, the frequency range of interest is subdivided into several segments that are measured sequentially (see Figure 7). Figure 6 Visualization of intercepts high probability of intercept per sweep using lower sweep rate. In all cases, the fastest possible sweep time per sweep is the multiplicative inverse of the resolution bandwidth based on a step size of 0.5 RBW, e.g. 194 ms for RBW=100 khz over the frequency range 30 MHz to MHz.This fast sweep must be applied continuously with maximum hold for a period of time equal to or greater than the time that would have been spent for sweeping in line with Table 2, e.g s for peak detection of CW signals corresponding to 5 sweeps of 194 ms each for the frequency range 30 MHz to MHz. However, depending on the type of disturbance, the sweep time T s may have to be increased, e.g. to 15 scorresponding to 77 sweeps of 194 ms each for the frequency range 30 MHz to MHz if the level of the observed emission is not Figure 7 FFT scan in sequence;source: CISPR [2] The scan time T scan is calculated as: T scan = T m N seg (2) where T scan Tm is the measurement time for each segment, and N seg is the number of segments. 24 SAFETY & EMC 2015
4 FFT-based measuring receivers have to meet the general requirements for the minimum measurement time and step size as defined in CISPR 16-2 (see section II). Therefore, the measurement time T m must be selected longer than the pulse repetition interval for correct measurement of a broadband spectrum. If the measurement time is too short, enormous measurement errors can result. In a worst case scenario, the FFT-based measuring receiver may not capture the disturbance signal at all. This is problematic if the segment size has a large width, e.g. 30 MHz or more. Fast Sweep versus Fast Time Domain Scan For demonstration purposes, the same EUT was used: a touch dimmer of a halogen lamp. The frequency span was also reduced to 5 MHz for better visualization. First, a single fast sweep without sweep time adjustment(sweep time SWT = 20 ms) was performed. It is clear that the result does not match the spectrum envelope at all (Figure 8). Figure 9 Spectrum analyzer A single sweep with sweep time adjustment based on timing analysis of the EUT (a touch dimmer of a halogen lamp). 1 s 20 ms pulse interval sweep points). However, the result in Figure 10 shows that critical frequencies are still missed! For this EUT, a SWT=2 s for 20 sweeps gives a good match with the envelope. Figure 8 Spectrum analyzer A single sweep without sweep time adjustment does not matchthe spectrum envelope at all Next, a single sweep with sweep time adjustment based on the above timing analysis was performed; this results in a sweep time of 20 s (20 ms pulse interval sweep points). The result in Figure 9 exhibits a good match with the envelope. If the pulse repetition interval is unknown, many users perform multiple sweeps with fast sweep times using the maximum hold function to determine the spectrum envelope. For low repetition impulsive signals, many sweeps are necessary to fill up the spectrum envelope of the broadband component. The correct sweep time can also be determined by increasing it until the difference between maximum hold and clear/write displays is below 2 db, for example. For demonstration purposes, a multiple sweep with sweep time adjustment based on the above timing analysis was performed; this results in a total observation time of 20 s for 20 sweeps (20 SWT = Figure 10 Spectrum analyzer multiple sweep (20x) with sweep time adjustment based on timing analysis of the EUT. Finally, a timedomain scan with measurement time adjustment based on the above timing analysis was performed. An FFT based measuring receiver with 30 MHz segment size can measure CISPR band B (150 khz to 30 MHz) in one shot. According to Equation (1), this results in a pure scan time of 20 ms; in reality, however, a highperformance receiver can generate the result in about 100 ms. The achieved curve is a full match with the envelope (see Figure 11). An overall comparison of the different approaches is shown in Table 3. More Speed with the Time Domain Scan FFT-based measuring receivers can attain measurement speeds a few thousand times faster than can be achieved in conventional, stepped frequency scan mode. As a consequence, frequency scans SAFETY & EMC
5 Figure 11 FFT-based receiver time domain measurement with measurement time adjustment based on timing analysis of the EUT Pulse repetion frequency Measurement time to get interception Table 3 Match with envelope versus scan time Single sweep SWT=20 ms Single sweep SWT=20 s in the CISPR bands using the peak detector can be performed in only a few milliseconds, and even with the quasi-peak and average detector it only takes seconds, thereby rendering preview measurements with the peak detector obsolete (see Figure 12). 20x Multiple single sweep SWT=1 s Figure 13 Measurement speed of timedomain scan versus stepped frequency scan with the R&S ESR EMI test receiver 20x Multiple single sweep SWT=2 s Conclusions FFT-based measuring receivers can be used for EMI compliance measurements in accordance with Amendment 1 to the 3 rd Edition of CISPR The use of FFT-based measuring receiversis motivated by the desire to reduce the scan time by several orders of magnitude without loss of accuracy while gaining deeper insight by applying longer measurement times.another benefit is that the disturbance spectrum can be directly measured with the final detector, making measurement of fluctuating disturbances more reliable.for precise and reproducible measurements, the use of an appropriate measurement or sweep time based on timing analysis of the EUT's disturbance characteristic is essential. Time domain scan, 0.15~5 MHz Step=2.25 khz MT=20 ms 50 Hz 20 ms s 20 s 20 s 40 s 0.1 s Match with envelope no good not all good good Figure 12 Analysis steps for automated or semi-automated measurements with an FFT-based measuring receiver Rohde & Schwarz has introduced a new generation of FFTbased EMI test receivers for disturbance measurements compliant with CISPR 16: the R&S ESR [4]. Its FFT-based time domain scan can deliver measurement speeds up to times faster than can be achieved with the traditional single-channel filtering approach (see Figure 13). The ultra-fast measurement speed is particularly useful if the equipment under test can be operated only during a short period of time, e.g. a starter motor in cars. Part of the time savings can also be exploited to apply longer measurement times in order to reliably detect narrowband intermittent signals or isolated pulses. References [1] Amendment 1: to CISPR : (Edition 3) Specification for radio disturbance andimmunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus. [2] Amendment 1: to CISPR : (Edition 3) Specification for radio disturbance andimmunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements. [3] MEDLER, J., More speed, more insight - Use of FFT-based EMI test receivers for EMI compliance measurements, SAFETY & EMC 2013, [4] R&S ESR EMI Test Receiver, Product Brochure Version 02.00, www. rohde-schwarz. com 26 SAFETY & EMC 2015
EMC / FIELD STRENGTH Test receivers. Fast and straightforward: diagnostic and precompliance measurements with the R&S ESRP
EMC / FIELD STRENGTH Test receivers Fast and straightforward: diagnostic and precompliance measurements with the R&S ESRP 54 Many of the requirements such as speed, functionality and ease of use imposed
More informationSignal Detection with EM1 Receivers
Signal Detection with EM1 Receivers Werner Schaefer Hewlett-Packard Company Santa Rosa Systems Division 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa, CA 95403-1799, USA Abstract - Certain EM1 receiver settings,
More informationEMC / Field strength Signal generation and analysis
EMC / Field strength Signal generation and analysis 48 Uncovers every disturbance Standard-compliant EMI test receivers must meet very high requirements with respect to their RF characteristics. Not only
More informationIntroduction: The FFT emission measurement method
Introduction: The FFT emission measurement method Tim Williams Elmac Services C o n s u l t a n c y a n d t r a i n i n g i n e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c c o m p a t i b i l i t y Wareham, Dorset, UK
More informationUtilizzo del Time Domain per misure EMI
Utilizzo del Time Domain per misure EMI Roberto Sacchi Measurement Expert Manager - Europe 7 Giugno 2017 Compliance EMI receiver requirements (CISPR 16-1-1 ) range 9 khz - 18 GHz: A normal +/- 2 db absolute
More informationSpectrum Analyzer. EMI Receiver
Challenges in Testing by Werner Schaefer Narrowband and Broadband Discrimination with a Spectrum Analyzer or EMI Receiver photo provided by Agilent 26 Conformity December 2007 In the field of EMC, the
More informationThe Value of Pre-Selection in EMC Testing. Scott Niemiec Application Engineer
The Value of Pre-Selection in EMC Testing Scott Niemiec Application Engineer Video Demonstrating Benefit of Pre-selection 400MHz -1GHz Sweep with RBW = 120kHz Yellow: w/ preselection Green: w/o pre-selection
More informationSpecification for Conducted Emission Test
1 of 10 1. EMI Receiver Frequency range 9kHz 7.0 GHz Measurement time per frequency 10 µs to 100 s time sweep, span = 0 Hz - 1 µs to 16000 s Sweep time in steps of 5 % frequency sweep, span 10 Hz - 2.5
More informationA New Method of Emission Measurement
A New Method of Emission Measurement Christoph Keller Institute of Power Transm. and High Voltage Technology University of Stuttgart, Germany ckeller@ieh.uni-stuttgart.de Kurt Feser Institute of Power
More informationRohde & Schwarz EMI/EMC debugging with modern oscilloscope. Ing. Leonardo Nanetti Rohde&Schwarz
Rohde & Schwarz EMI/EMC debugging with modern oscilloscope Ing. Leonardo Nanetti Rohde&Schwarz EMI debugging Agenda l The basics l l l l The idea of EMI debugging How is it done? Application example What
More informationKeysight Technologies Essential Capabilities of EMI Receivers. Application Note
Keysight Technologies Essential Capabilities of EMI Receivers Application Note Contents Introduction... 3 CISPR 16-1-1 Compliance... 3 MIL-STD-461 Compliance... 4 Important features not required by CISPR
More informationEMI Test Receivers: Past, Present and Future
EM Test Receivers: Past, Present and Future Andy Coombes EMC Product Manager Rohde & Schwarz UK Ltd 9 th November 2016 ntroduction ı Andy Coombes EMC Product Manager ı 20 years experience in the field
More informationEssential Capabilities of EMI Receivers. Application Note
Essential Capabilities of EMI Receivers Application Note Contents Introduction... 3 CISPR 16-1-1 Compliance... 3 MIL-STD-461 Compliance... 4 Important features not required by CISPR 16-1-1 or MIL-STD-461...
More informationChambers Accessories Equipment 1 Equipment 2 Amplifiers Antennas Emission
Chambers Accessories Equipment 1 Equipment 2 Amplifiers Antennas Emission Core-6 EMI Receiver 9 khz 6 GHz Features: Frequency ranges: 9 khz 30 MHz and 30 MHz 6 GHz Fully compliant acc. to CISPR 16-1-1
More informationDebugging EMI Using a Digital Oscilloscope. Dave Rishavy Product Manager - Oscilloscopes
Debugging EMI Using a Digital Oscilloscope Dave Rishavy Product Manager - Oscilloscopes 06/2009 Nov 2010 Fundamentals Scope Seminar of DSOs Signal Fidelity 1 1 1 Debugging EMI Using a Digital Oscilloscope
More informationAdvanced Test Equipment Rentals ATEC (2832)
Established 1981 Advanced Test Equipment Rentals www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832) R3000 EMI TEST RECEIVERS Fully IF digital EMI Receivers family for measurement of electromagnetic interference from
More informationAn Introduction to FFT EMI Receivers
An Introduction to FFT EMI Receivers Introduction An evolution in EMI receiver design is underway to take advantage of today s digital signal processing (DSP) technologies, using fast Fourier transform
More informationEMC Training. Ing Angelo Cereser Mobile:
EMC Training Ing Angelo Cereser angelo.cereser@microlease.com Mobile: 335 57 88 293 Dott Mirko Bombelli mirko.bombelli@microlease.com Mobile: 335 12 36 792 Agenda Introduzione alle misure EMI Terminologia;
More informationConducted emission pre compliance measurements
Conducted emission pre compliance measurements All electronic products need to be tested for electromagnetic emissions that may negatively effect the correct operation of other equipment nearby. Electromagnetic
More informationER55 EMI TEST RECEIVER Family of automatic test receivers for measurement of electromagnetic interference from 9kHz to 2.8GHz.
ER55 EMI TEST RECEIVER Family of automatic test receivers for measurement of electromagnetic interference from 9kHz to 2.8GHz. Compact designed and manufactured in compliance with CISPR 16-1-1 For Measurements
More informationMeasurement of Intermittent Emissions with a Time-Domain EMI Measurement System
Measurement of Intermittent Emissions with a Time-Domain EMI Measurement System Author : Stephan Braun and Peter Russer 02/06/2009 With time-domain EMI measurement, a single scan can test intermittent
More informationUnderstanding Probability of Intercept for Intermittent Signals
2013 Understanding Probability of Intercept for Intermittent Signals Richard Overdorf & Rob Bordow Agilent Technologies Agenda Use Cases and Signals Time domain vs. Frequency Domain Probability of Intercept
More information1 Jens Medler, October The CISPR-RMS Detector A new CISPR weighting detector
1 Jens Medler, October 2007 The CISPR-RMS Detector Overview Principles and definition for the weighting of radio disturbances Detectors and alternative methods for the weighting of disturbances: Peak,
More informationFFT 3010 EMI TEST RECEIVER
FFT 3010 EMI TEST RECEIVER Fully FFT digital EMI Receiver for measurement of conducted electromagnetic interference from 9kHz to 30MHz Compact designed and manufactured compliant to CISPR 16 International
More informationGuide Version Five techniques for fast, accurate power integrity measurements
Guide Version 01.00 Five techniques for fast, accurate power integrity measurements Rail voltages are getting smaller, and tolerances are decreasing. As a result, making accurate power rail measurements
More information9. MAXIMUM CONDUCTED OUTPUT POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY
9. MAXIMUM CONDUCTED OUTPUT POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY 9.1. MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE (1). Connect EUT RF output port to the Spectrum Analyzer through an RF attenuator (2). Set the EUT Work on the top, the middle
More informationBetter system sensitivity through preamplifiers
EMC/IELD STRENGTH 4376/8 IG Whether with built-in or external preamplifier, the EMI Test Receivers R&S ESIB represent a superior complete test system, featuring excellent R and microwave characteristics.
More informationR&S ESCI/ESCI7 EMI Test Receiver Specifications
R&S ESCI/ESCI7 EMI Test Receiver Specifications Test & Measurement Data Sheet 03.00 Specifications Specifications apply under the following conditions: 15 minutes warm-up time at ambient temperature, specified
More informationER55 EMI TEST RECEIVER Family of automatic test receivers for measurement of electromagnetic interference from 9kHz to 1GHz
ER55 EMI TEST RECEIVER Family of automatic test receivers for measurement of electromagnetic interference from 9kHz to 1GHz Compact designed and manufactured in compliance with CISPR 16-1, For Measurements
More informationFCC 47 CFR PART 15 SUBPART B TEST REPORT SHENZHEN EAGLE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD Mirror photo booth Model No.: EAGMR
FCC 47 CFR PART 15 SUBPART B TEST REPORT SHENZHEN EAGLE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD Mirror photo booth Model No.: EAGMR Prepared for Address : SHENZHEN EAGLE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD : A FIoor 1 BIdg.14, Changfeng
More informationThis document is a preview generated by EVS
CISPR 16-1-1 Edition 4.0 2015-09 REDLINE VERSION INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE colour inside BASIC EMC PUBLICATION Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
More informationCL55C CLICK ANALYSER The cost competitive, PC-driven, automatic, multi-channel discontinuous interference analyser
CL55C CLICK ANALYSER The cost competitive, PC-driven, automatic, multi-channel discontinuous interference analyser According to CISPR 14-1, Designed in compliance with CISPR 16-1, Advanced software for
More informationPage: 1 of 20 EMC TEST REPORT EN55024:1998+A2:2003
Page: 1 of 20 EMC TEST REPORT Reference No. Applicant : WT05060412 : Gembird Electronics Ltd. Equipment Under Test (EUT) : Product Name : Cable Standards Model No : UAS111-M, UAS111, UAS112 : EN55022:1998+A2:2003
More informationMagnetic-Field Test System / Low-Frequency Test System for Emission and Immunity Tests / MTS-800
IN ONE UNIT: 800W precision power amplifier, Spectrum Analyzer, Signal Generator General: The MTS-800 is a compact test system for broadband generation and measurement of magnetic fields. Its internal
More informationConducted emission pre compliance measurements
V1.1 Conducted emission pre compliance measurements All electronic products need to be tested for electromagnetic emissions that may negatively effect the correct operation of other equipment nearby. Electromagnetic
More informationFCC 47 CFR PART 15 SUBPART B TEST REPORT KST DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY LIMITED. Brushless Servo
FCC 47 CFR PART 15 SUBPART B TEST REPORT KST DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY LIMITED Brushless Servo Model No.: X20-3612 Additional Model No.: X20-1035, X20-2208, X20-3012, X20-9650, BLS159, BLS651, BLS259, BLS359,
More informationIntroduction. In the frequency domain, complex signals are separated into their frequency components, and the level at each frequency is displayed
SPECTRUM ANALYZER Introduction A spectrum analyzer measures the amplitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument The spectrum analyzer is to the frequency
More informationTechnical Notes from Laplace Instruments Ltd. EMC Emissions measurement. Pre selectors... what, why and when?
Technical Notes from Laplace Instruments Ltd EMC Emissions measurement. Pre selectors... what, why and when? Most of us working in EMC will have heard comments about pre-selectors. This article sets out
More informationFederal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology Laboratory Division
April 9, 2013 Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology Laboratory Division Guidance for Performing Compliance Measurements on Digital Transmission Systems (DTS) Operating
More informationMeasurement of Digital Transmission Systems Operating under Section March 23, 2005
Measurement of Digital Transmission Systems Operating under Section 15.247 March 23, 2005 Section 15.403(f) Digital Modulation Digital modulation is required for Digital Transmission Systems (DTS). Digital
More informationDSI-600 EMI Test & Measurement Receiver
DSI-600 EMI Test & Measurement Receiver Product Brochure DSI-600 EMI TEST & Measurement Receiver Product Brochure December 2017 Dynamic Sciences International, Inc. DSI 600 Series EMI Test & Measurement
More informationBasics Of The Spectrum Analyzer
Basics Of The Spectrum Analyzer 1 / 6 2 / 6 3 / 6 Basics Of The Spectrum Analyzer Remember that the spectrum analyzers User's Guides are also located in the lab. Like an oscilloscope, a spectrum analyzer
More informationTroubleshooting Common EMI Problems
By William D. Kimmel, PE Kimmel Gerke Associates, Ltd. Learn best practices for troubleshooting common EMI problems in today's digital designs. Industry expert William Kimmel of Kimmel Gerke Associates
More informationEMC Back to Basics. Matthew Carter EMC Product Support Engineer Agilent Technologies Inc. April 16, 2014
EMC Back to Basics Matthew Carter EMC Product Support Engineer Agilent Technologies Inc. April 16, 2014 Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2014 Agenda EMC Back to Basics Overview What is Electromagnetic Compatibility?
More informationTechniques to reduce electromagnetic noise produced by wired electronic devices
Rok / Year: Svazek / Volume: Číslo / Number: Jazyk / Language 2016 18 5 EN Techniques to reduce electromagnetic noise produced by wired electronic devices - Tomáš Chvátal xchvat02@stud.feec.vutbr.cz Faculty
More informationINTRODUCTION TO CONDUCTED EMISSION
IEEE EMC Chapter - Hong Kong Section EMC Seminar Series - All about EMC Testing and Measurement Seminar 2 INTRODUCTION TO CONDUCTED EMISSION By Duncan FUNG 18 April 2015 TOPICS TO BE COVERED Background
More informationR&S EB500 Monitoring Receiver Specifications
Radiomonitoring & Radiolocation Data Sheet 01.02 R&S EB500 Monitoring Receiver Specifications CONTENTS Definitions... 3 Specifications... 4 Frequency...4 Linearity...4 Interference rejection...4 Noise
More informationTEST SUMMARY. Prüfbericht - Nr.: Test Report No.: Seite 2 von 27. Page 2 of 27
15072768 001 Seite 2 von 27 Page 2 of 27 TEST SUMMARY 4.1.1 HARMONICS ON AC MAINS 4.1.2 VOLTAGE CHANGES, VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS AND FLICKER ON AC MAINS 4.1.3 MAINS TERMINAL CONTINUOUS DISTURBANCE VOLTAGE
More informationMeasuring Frequency Settling Time for Synthesizers and Transmitters
Products: FSE Measuring Frequency Settling Time for Synthesizers and Transmitters An FSE Spectrum Analyser equipped with the Vector Signal Analysis option (FSE-B7) can measure oscillator settling time
More informationPMM 7010 EMI RECEIVERS. The EMI Receiver with built-in LISN
The EMI Receiver with built-in LISN 1 Model Frequency Range 7010/00 150 khz to 1 GHz 7010/01 9 khz to 1 GHz 7010/02 9 khz to 30 MHz 7010/03 9 khz to 3 GHz 2 family Built-in 16 A single phase LISN Artificial
More informationT E S T - R E P O R T. Test Report No (Edition 1) for RF340-R. Inductive Tag Reader
Straubing, 27 February 2006 T E S T - R E P O R T No. 51905-060004-7 (Edition 1) for RF340-R Inductive Tag Reader Applicant: Siemens AG A&D PT7 D2 Test Specifications: FCC Code of Federal Regulations,
More informationITUNER NETWORKS CORPORATION EMC REPORT Fremont Blvd. Fremont, CA
Shenzhen BST Technology Co., Ltd. ITUNER NETWORKS CORPORATION EMC REPORT Prepared For : ITUNER NETWORKS CORPORATION 47801 Fremont Blvd. Fremont, CA. 94538 Product Name: PicoPSU-150 Trade Name: PicoPSU
More informationDDA55 DISCONTINUOUS DISTURBANCES ANALYSER
DDA55 DISCONTINUOUS DISTURBANCES ANALYSER Fully digital analyser for measurement of discontinuous disturbances Compact designed and manufactured compliant to CISPR 16 International Standard for measurements
More informationNemko Canada Inc., 303 River Road, R.R. 5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1V 1H2
www.nemko.com Nemko Canada Inc., 303 River Road, R.R. 5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1V 1H2 Report Number: Product Marketing Name: 123766-1TRFEMC Paycheck 4 Thermal Ticket Printer Test Specification: FCC
More informationVector Network Analyzers ZVB
Specifications Version 05.00 Vector Network Analyzers ZVB September 2005 Specifications MEASUREMENT RANGE...3 MEASUREMENT SPEED...5 MEASUREMENT ACCURACY...6 EFFECTIVE SYSTEM DATA...8 TEST PORT OUTPUT...8
More informationSpectrum Analysis - Elektronikpraktikum
Spectrum Analysis Introduction Why measure a spectra? In electrical engineering we are most often interested how a signal develops over time. For this time-domain measurement we use the Oscilloscope. Like
More informationR&S ESRP EMI Test Receiver Specifications
R&S ESRP EMI Test Receiver Specifications Test & Measurement Data Sheet 01.01 CONTENTS Definitions... 3 Specifications... 4 Frequency... 4 Preselection and preamplifier (R&S ESRP-B2 option)... 6 RF preamplifier
More informationTEST SUMMARY. Prüfbericht - Nr.: Test Report No.: Seite 2 von 25. Page 2 of 25
15072259 001 Seite 2 von 25 Page 2 of 25 TEST SUMMARY 4.1.1 HARMONICS ON AC MAINS 4.1.2 VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS ON AC MAINS 4.1.3 MAINS TERMINAL CONTINUOUS DISTURBANCE VOLTAGE 4.1.4 DISCONTINUOUS INTERFERENCE
More informationR&S FSV-K54 EMI Measurement Application User Manual
EMI Measurement Application User Manual (;ÚÙÅ2) 1176.7555.02 03 Test & Measurement User Manual This manual covers the following products: R&S FSV-K54 (1310.0425.02) for the R&S FSVR Realtime Spectrum Analyzer
More informationTEST REPORT... 1 CONTENT...
CONTENT TEST REPORT... 1 CONTENT... 2 1 TEST RESULTS SUMMARY... 3 2 EMC RESULTS CONCLUSION... 4 3 LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS... 6 4 EMI TEST... 7 4.1 CONTINUOUS CONDUCTED DISTURBANCE VOLTAGE TEST... 7 4.2
More informationR&S FSC Spectrum Analyzer Specifications
R&S FSC Spectrum Analyzer Specifications year Data Sheet Version 03.00 CONTENTS Base unit... 3 Frequency... 3 Sweep time... 3 Bandwidths... 3 Level... 4 Trigger functions... 5 Tracking generator (model.13/.16
More informationSaturation of Active Loop Antennas
Saturation of Active Loop Antennas Alexander Kriz EMC and Optics Seibersdorf Laboratories 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria Abstract The EMC community is working towards shorter test distances for radiated emission
More information2310 to 2390 MHz, 3m distance MCS8 (MIMO) to 2500 MHz Restricted band MCS8 (MIMO)
2310 to 2390 MHz, 3m distance MCS8 (MIMO) Lower band edge, Average (Low Channel) Lower band edge, Peak (Low Channel) 2483.5 to 2500 MHz Restricted band MCS8 (MIMO) Upper band edge, Peak (High Channel)
More informationSERIES K: PROTECTION AGAINST INTERFERENCE
I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T K.132 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (01/2018) SERIES K: PROTECTION AGAINST INTERFERENCE Electromagnetic compatibility
More informationEMC Overview. What is EMC? Why is it Important? Case Studies. Examples of calculations used in EMC. EMC Overview 1
EMC Overview What is EMC? Why is it Important? Case Studies. Examples of calculations used in EMC. EMC Overview 1 What Is EMC? Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC): The process of determining the interaction
More informationCompact system for wideband interception and technical analysis
RADIOMONITORING Monitoring systems R&S AMMOS R&S AMLAB Laboratory Compact system for wideband interception and technical analysis R&S AMLAB an essential module of the extensive R&S AMMOS system family
More informationAve output power ANT 1(dBm) Ave output power ANT 2 (dbm)
Page 41 of 103 9.6. Test Result The test was performed with 802.11b Channel Frequency (MHz) power ANT 1(dBm) power ANT 2 (dbm) power ANT 1(mW) power ANT 2 (mw) Limits dbm / W Low 2412 7.20 7.37 5.248 5.458
More informationSpectrum Analyzer FSL
Specifications Version 02.00 Spectrum Analyzer FSL August 2005 Specifications Specifications Specifications apply under the following conditions: 15 minutes warm-up time at ambient temperature, specified
More informationRadiated Spurious Emission Testing. Jari Vikstedt
Radiated Spurious Emission Testing Jari Vikstedt jari.vikstedt@ets-lindgren.com What is RSE? RSE = radiated spurious emission Radiated chamber Emission EMI Spurious intentional radiator 2 Spurious Spurious,
More informationTEST REPORT FROM RADIO FREQUENCY INVESTIGATION LTD.
TEST REPORT FROM RADIO FREQUENCY INVESTIGATION LTD. Test Of: Wood & Douglas Ltd ST500 Transmitter Test Report Serial No: RFI/EMCB2/RP39403B This Test Report supersedes RFI Test Report No.: RFI/EMCB1/RP39403B
More informationPrepared for Address. : KST DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY LIMITED : No.226, Pangu Street, Meixian, Meizhou, Guangdong. Prepared by
EMC TEST REPORT For KST DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY LIMITED Coreless Servo Model No.: X12-508 Additional Model No.: DS215MG, DS315MG, DS213MG, DS313MG, DS12C, DS12T, X12-306 Prepared for Address : KST DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
More informationTitle: Test on 5.8 GHz Band Outdoor WiFi (802.11b/g) Wireless Base Station
Page 20 of 51 Pages 7.5. Conducted spurious emission 7.5.1. Requirements: Clause 15.247(d). In any 100 khz bandwidth outside the frequency band in which the spread spectrum or digitally modulated intentional
More informationEMC TEST REPORT for Repel-it. REPEL-IT ULTRASONIC PEST REPELLER Model No. : REPEL-IT/UPR/AN-B019
Page 1 of 22 Report No. 201311760E EMC TEST REPORT for Repel-it REPEL-IT ULTRASONIC PEST REPELLER Model No. : REPEL-IT/UPR/AN-B019 Applicant : Repel-it Address 168 Logan Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane,
More informationFCC PART MEASUREMENT AND TEST REPORT
FCC PART 15.109 MEASUREMENT AND TEST REPORT FOR ThinNetworks IT products Limited SAAN 02 #260- Industrial Zone Brasilia- DF, Brazil- 70.632-200 FCC ID: WQ3CF-000585 Report Concerns: Original Report Equipment
More informationAS/NZS CISPR 14.1:2010 MEASUREMENT AND TEST REPORT
AS/NZS CISPR 14.1:2010 MEASUREMENT AND TEST REPORT For Tritech Technology Ltd. Unit B, 8/F, Chung Pont Commercial Building No. 300 Hennessy Road, WanChai, Hong Kong. Model: 209517 Report Type: Original
More informationOPEN TEM CELLS FOR EMC PRE-COMPLIANCE TESTING
1 Introduction Radiated emission tests are typically carried out in anechoic chambers, using antennas to pick up the radiated signals. Due to bandwidth limitations, several antennas are required to cover
More informationAutomatic EMI Measurement Software
Automatic EMI Measurement Software Overview The EP5 series of automatic EMI measurement software is a line of software products developed to measure and analyze radiated emission and conductive emission
More informationUnrivalled performance and compact design
RADIOMONITORING Direction finders FIG 1 Two 19-inch instruments the DF Converter R&S ET550 and the Digital Processing Unit R&S EBD660 suffice to cover the entire VHF / UHF range. For expansion of this
More informationFCC TEST REPORT On Behalf of GZTOD.CO., LTD The Multifunctional Platooninsert Model No.: YA30WSL-6AU6U
FCC TEST REPORT On Behalf of GZTOD.CO., LTD The Multifunctional Platooninsert Model No.: YA30WSL-6AU6U Prepared for Address : GZTOD.CO., LTD : 2-5/F, Building A4, Huimingsheng Industrial Park, Tongfuyu
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R SM Method for measurements of radio noise
Rec. ITU-R SM.1753 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SM.1753 Method for measurements of radio noise (Question ITU-R 1/45) (2006) Scope For radio noise measurements there is a need to have a uniform, frequency-independent
More informationHZ530 Near-Field Probe Set
HZ530 Near-Field Probe Set The HZ530 Probe Set consists of three active broadband probes for EMI diagnosis. The probes are designed for connection to a HAMEG spectrum analyzer with input impedance of 50
More informationImmunity Test System RIS 3000 / RIS 6000 acc. to IEC/EN
Description The setup of a radiated immunity test system can be done in the conventional way with many separate instruments or in a more comfortable and less risky way with our new EMC control unit, type
More informationCENTRE OF TESTING SERVICE INTERNATIONAL
CENTRE OF TESTING SERVICE INTERNATIONAL OPERATE ACCORDING TO ISO/IEC 17025 FCC TEST REPORT TEST REPORT NUMBER : CGZ3150202-00097-E A101,No.65,Zhuji Highway,Tianhe District,Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Report
More informationTest report TRFWL. Lotek Wireless Inc. SRX800 SRX A-SRX800. RSS-215 Issue 2, June Date of issue: July 11, 2014.
ONE WORLD OUR APPROVAL Test report 250123-2TRFWL Date of issue: July 11, 2014 Applicant: Lotek Wireless Inc. Product: SRX800 Model: SRX800 IC Registration number: 4272A-SRX800 Specification: RSS-215 Issue
More informationTDEMI X TDEMI X TIMES FASTER THAN CONVENTIONAL EMI RECEIVERS MAIN FEATURES
TDEMI X TDEMI X 64 000 TIMES FASTER THAN CONVENTIONAL EMI RECEIVERS MAIN FEATURES Receiver APD Function Real-time Spectrum Real-time Oscilloscope and Histogram Spectrogram Analyzer Spectrum Analyzer 2
More informationR&S ZNC Vector Network Analyzer Specifications
ZNC3_dat-sw_en_5214-5610-22_v0300_cover.indd 1 Data Sheet 03.00 Test & Measurement R&S ZNC Vector Network Analyzer Specifications 04.09.2012 13:39:47 CONTENTS Definitions... 3 Measurement range... 4 Measurement
More informationChapter I - Federal Communications Commission Subchapter A - General Part 15 - Radio Frequency Devices Subpart C - Intentional Radiators
www.nemko.com Report Reference ID 167484-1TRFWL Test specification Title 47 - Telecommunication Chapter I - Federal Communications Commission Subchapter A - General Part 15 - Radio Frequency Devices Subpart
More informationR&S FPC Spectrum Analyzer Specifications
R&S FPC Spectrum Analyzer Specifications year Data Sheet Version 04.00 CONTENTS Definitions... 3 Specifications... 4 Frequency... 4 Sweep time... 4 Bandwidth... 4 Level... 5 Trigger functions... 6 Tracking
More informationElectromagnetic Compatibility Test Report FCC test results of an automatic dog brush, model EUT: Type 1 AC/DC adaptor: SYS W2E
Electromagnetic Compatibility Test Report FCC test results of an automatic dog brush, model EUT: Type 1 AC/DC adaptor: SYS1308-1809-W2E Customer Customer's representative In the capacity of Reference number
More informationEMI T E S T R E P O R T
EMI T E S T R E P O R T - FCC Part 15.249, RSS210 - Test Report No. : T36940-00-00TK 27. August 2013 Date of issue Type / Model Name : PRA30 Product Description : Radio remote control for Laser detector
More informationFCC Part 15B Measurement and Test Report. For. GlobTek, Inc. 186 Veterans Dr. Northvale, NJ USA. FCC Part 15 Subpart B.
Test Standards: FCC Part 15B Measurement and Test Report Product Description: Tested Model: Report No.: For GlobTek, Inc. 186 Veterans Dr. Northvale, NJ 07647 USA FCC Part 15 Subpart B Power Supply GT-93020-0324
More informationEMC TEST REPORT For MPP SOLAR INC Inverter/ Charger Model Number : PIP 4048HS
EMC-E20130903E EMC TEST REPORT For MPP SOLAR INC Inverter/ Charger Model Number : PIP 4048HS Prepared for : MPP SOLAR INC Address : 4F, NO. 50-1, SECTION 1, HSIN-SHENG S. RD. TAIPEI, TAIWAN Prepared by
More informationEMI T E S T R E P O R T
EMI T E S T R E P O R T - FCC Part 15.209- Test Report No. : T37170-00-00KG 10. September 2013 Date of issue Type / Model Name : USB Card Reader / MU02016 Product Description : USB Card reader working
More informationR&S ZVT Vector Network Analyzer Specifications
R&S ZVT Vector Network Analyzer Specifications Test & Measurement Data Sheet 08.00 CONTENTS Definitions... 3 Specifications... 4 Measurement range...4 Measurement speed...5 Measurement accuracy...6 Effective
More information2004/104/EC Measurement and Test Report
2004/104/EC Measurement and Test Report For LM Technologies Ltd. Unit19, Spectrum House, 32-34, Gordon House Road, London, NW5 1LP, United Kingdom Compliance Directive: Product Description: 2004/104/EC
More informationTest Report. Ningbo Goldmore Industrial Co.,Ltd.
Test Report Applicant: Ningbo Goldmore Industrial Co.,Ltd. Product Name: Brand Name: Model No.: LED CAMPING LANTERN with FAN N/A XJH-8098 Date of Receipt : Sep. 23, 2014 Date of Test: Sep. 25, 2014 Date
More informationOPEN TEM CELLS FOR EMC PRE-COMPLIANCE TESTING
1 Introduction Radiated emission tests are typically carried out in anechoic chambers, using antennas to pick up the radiated signals. Due to bandwidth limitations, several antennas are required to cover
More informationRF Emissions Test Report To Determine Compliance With: FCC, Part 15 Rules and Regulations
RF Emissions Test Report To Determine Compliance With: FCC, Part 15 Rules and Regulations Model numbers: HT130022 Rev. B. December 17, 2002 Manufacturer: HQ, Inc. 210 9th Steet Drive Palmetto, FL 34221
More informationEMI -- T E S T R E P O R T
EMI -- T E S T R E P O R T Test Report No. : T31400-01-00HU 26. February 2007 Date of issue Type / Model Name : R-IN1300MC Product Description : Long Range Industrial RFID High Frequency Reader Applicant
More informationTDEMI X TDEMI X TIMES FASTER THAN CONVENTIONAL EMI RECEIVERS MAIN FEATURES
TDEMI X TDEMI X 64 000 TIMES FASTER THAN CONVENTIONAL EMI RECEIVERS MAIN FEATURES Receiver APD Function Real-time Spectrum Real-time Oscilloscope and Histogram Spectrogram Analyzer Spectrum Analyzer 2
More information