Important Considerations For Graphical Representations Of Data
|
|
- Clementine Evans
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 This document will help you identify important considerations when using graphs (also called charts) to represent your data. First, it is crucial to understand how to create good graphs. Then, an overview of different types of commonly used graphs is provided. Important Considerations For Graphical Representations Of Data Identify the message you are trying to get across with the graph o make sure your graph speaks the message clearly o identify trends or differences in the data o be accurate in a visual sense Use appropriate graph types (and use them appropriately) o show data without changing the data s message make sure it s representative o emphasize appropriate elements Keep the graph (and it s message) simple, clear, and visually appealing o you should be able to tell what it is generally about just by glancing at it o avoid clutter too many items, too many colors, too many textures = bad design o take into consideration how the data will be presented will it be readable? (will it be printed in color or black/white, printed full-size or small-scale, projected?) o if you can t seem to limit the amount of items on a graph, consider breaking the elements down into multiple, more simplified graphs Be consistent o use similar graph types for graphs that convey the same type of information or use the same type of data o use similar color schemes for graphs that convey similar information o use consistent sizes and styles of text Avoid ambiguity o label data elements clearly to avoid confusion o don t use colors or textures that are too similar o make sure your text and background colors work well together o avoid text that runs together or is illegible Example on left (poor example) is too cluttered, colors that are too similar have been used for precipitation figures, and the text is not easy to read. The gridlines are misleading because the graph has two y-axes. The example on the right (better example) has more definition in the colors, used different data indicator (line) for the acres consumed since it is plotted on a separate axis, and added an image to the background that helps the message of the graph: that the driest months are more prone to fires.
2 A Note about Scale: With all chart types that depict trends in data over time, it is very important to use the correct scale. Incorrect (or poorly chosen) scale can give an incorrect impression about the data. Consider the following example: the chart on the left uses a y-scale from 93 to 101, and the difference between the data points is much more pronounced than the chart on the left, whose y- scale is from 1 to 101. Percent of Data Completeness Percent of Data Completeness Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 If you are attempting to show that your data are very complete, you might want to use the chart on the right. Using the adjusted scale like the chart on the left shows more of a difference between data points, and would be more useful for showing the difference in PM concentration or temperature). 1.0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 To adjust the scale of a graph, you can select the axis you want to adjust and then double-click it. The Format Axis dialog box will appear; select the Scale tab. If a checkbox on the left-hand side is checked, it means that Excel will automatically set the scale values for you. If you want to set the values yourself, click the text box to the right of the label and enter the desired values. The minimum value is the lowest value displayed on the axis, and maximum denotes the highest value displayed (typically several units higher than your highest data point). Major unit indicates where a major gridline will be displayed, and minor unit where a minor gridline is displayed. Whether or not the major or minor gridlines appear on your chart depend on the options set in the Chart Options box.
3 INTRODUCTORY GRAPH TYPES Column and Bar Charts Bar and column charts show data changes over a period of time or illustrate comparisons among items. Values in bar charts are arranged horizontally, while values in column charts are arranged vertically. Important considerations with Column and Bar Charts: Column and Bar charts are best suited for data with fewer than ten (10) data points (bars) The greater the length of the bar, the greater the value Column graphs lack much room for a written label at the foot of each bar; so it is best to use a column graph when the label is short. Bar Charts can display longer labels for each bar *Simple or Clustered This type of chart compares values across categories. It is also available with a 3-D visual effect. As shown in the following chart, categories can be organized horizontally, and values vertically, to emphasize variation over time. Clustered charts depict data from multiple categories (no more than three) for each data point. This is an easy-to-read chart depicting temperature highs and lows for one week. Comparisons can be made across single categories (High Temp or Low Temp), or between categories (compare High and Low Temps for each day). *Stacked This type of chart shows the relationship of individual items to the whole, comparing the contribution of each value to a total across categories. 100% Stacked charts compare the percentage each value contributes to a total across categories. It is also possible to use a 3-D visual effect for stacked charts. This is an example of a 100% stacked bar chart (with 3-D effect) depicting PM concentrations (two different types) for one week. The total of the two concentrations equals 100%, therefore the chart is depicting percentages instead of actual values.
4 Pictographs These chart types use pictures to represent data similar to column or bar charts, but can be more effective at representing the subject matter of the graph (using an appropriate image). Data can be represented with a single image stretched the length of the column or bar, or images can be stacked to represent the data in a scaled proportion. Care must be taken in using pictographs because the image size may not always be representative of the true data (sometimes this is actually why they are used). In Excel, images can be stacked according to the size of the selected image, or the size can be scaled to be proportionate to a selected value (in the picture to the right below, each image represents 12 families, but if the scale is not specified, one must be skeptical of the representativeness). Line Charts A line chart shows trends in data over time. Line charts represent data in a similar fashion to Column Charts, and have many of the same sub-types. However, Line Charts are best used when there are numerous data points for a category and/or multiple categories to compare, as they are less cluttered than Column Charts. Line charts can be made with or without the data markers ( dots on the lines). This is an example of a line chart with two categories (PM10 concentration and Temperature) for one month of daily data. It is easy to compare the two categories and change over time. Note, however than since the two datasets have different units, you are only able to compare how they relate to each other (i.e. when deg. F goes down, PM concentration goes up). Data can also be plotted on separate axes.
5 Pie Charts A pie chart is best for showing parts of a whole. It shows only one data series and is useful when you want to emphasize a significant element in the data, or percentages (pieces) of a whole. However, one disadvantage is that it can be very difficult to see the difference in slice sizes when their values are similar. This is why it is important to label the slices with actual values. Pie Charts can be made in standard format, exploded, and/or with a 3-D effect. Additionally, Pie Charts have special types that show a breakdown of an individual slice using a second Pie or a Bar Chart (called Pie-of-Pie or Bar-of-Pie, respectively). See The Power of Graphing (Part II) for more information. This is an example of an exploded pie chart where the pieces are separated from the circle. Notice the data labels on this chart denote the percentage each piece represents of the whole. Another option would be to use actual data values rather than percentages. Area charts An area chart emphasizes the magnitude of change over time. Area charts are line charts with the area beneath the lines filled in with colors or patterns to highlight the importance of one or more categories. Like Bar, Column, and Line charts, Area Charts are available in 3-D effect, stacked, and 100% stacked sub-types. It is important to be careful with series order when creating area charts, especially stacked area charts (see examples below) *Stacked Area This type of chart displays the trend of values over time or categories, with an emphasis on the sum of the plotted values. A stacked area chart also shows the relationship of parts to a whole. A simple area chart displays only true data points rather than totals.
6 This chart is a Stacked Area Chart, which depicts particulate concentration data from 14 days of monitoring both PM10 and PM2.5. Notice how in this chart (top left) it appears that the PM10 values reached nearly 50 µg/m 3 on Day 9. The stacked area chart depicts the data as parts of a whole and is combining PM2.5 & PM10 into what could be called a Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) concentration. The Area Chart (bottom left) depicts both data series independently, and it can now be interpreted as showing how the two datasets related to each other. To change a Stacked Area Chart to an Area Chart, go to Chart Type and select the first option. If all series do not appear as desired, doubleclick the series in the chart itself and select the Order tab. You can then move each series up or down to get the desired image.
Purpose. Charts and graphs. create a visual representation of the data. make the spreadsheet information easier to understand.
Purpose Charts and graphs are used in business to communicate and clarify spreadsheet information. convert spreadsheet information into a format that can be quickly and easily analyzed. make the spreadsheet
More informationOffice 2016 Excel Basics 24 Video/Class Project #36 Excel Basics 24: Visualize Quantitative Data with Excel Charts. No Chart Junk!!!
Office 2016 Excel Basics 24 Video/Class Project #36 Excel Basics 24: Visualize Quantitative Data with Excel Charts. No Chart Junk!!! Goal in video # 24: Learn about how to Visualize Quantitative Data with
More informationUsing Charts and Graphs to Display Data
Page 1 of 7 Using Charts and Graphs to Display Data Introduction A Chart is defined as a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram. A Graph is defined as a diagram that represents
More informationStep 1: Set up the variables AB Design. Use the top cells to label the variables that will be displayed on the X and Y axes of the graph
Step 1: Set up the variables AB Design Use the top cells to label the variables that will be displayed on the X and Y axes of the graph Step 1: Set up the variables X axis for AB Design Enter X axis label
More informationSpreadsheets 3: Charts and Graphs
Spreadsheets 3: Charts and Graphs Name: Main: When you have finished this handout, you should have the following skills: Setting up data correctly Labeling axes, legend, scale, title Editing symbols, colors,
More informationChapter 3. Graphical Methods for Describing Data. Copyright 2005 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Chapter 3 Graphical Methods for Describing Data 1 Frequency Distribution Example The data in the column labeled vision for the student data set introduced in the slides for chapter 1 is the answer to the
More informationSS Understand charts and graphs used in business.
SS2 2.02 Understand charts and graphs used in business. Purpose of Charts and Graphs 1. Charts and graphs are used in business to communicate and clarify spreadsheet information. 2. Charts and graphs emphasize
More informationA graph is an effective way to show a trend in data or relating two variables in an experiment.
Chem 111-Packet GRAPHING A graph is an effective way to show a trend in data or relating two variables in an experiment. Consider the following data for exercises #1 and 2 given below. Temperature, ºC
More informationUse sparklines to show data trends
Use sparklines to show data trends New in Microsoft Excel 2010, a sparkline is a tiny chart in a worksheet cell that provides a visual representation of data. Use sparklines to show trends in a series
More informationNCSS Statistical Software
Chapter 147 Introduction A mosaic plot is a graphical display of the cell frequencies of a contingency table in which the area of boxes of the plot are proportional to the cell frequencies of the contingency
More informationExcel Manual X Axis Label Below Chart 2010 >>>CLICK HERE<<<
Excel Manual X Axis Label Below Chart 2010 When the X-axis is crowded with labels one way to solve the problem is to split the labels for to use two rows of labels enter the two rows of X-axis labels as
More informationCREATING (AB) SINGLE- SUBJECT DESIGN GRAPHS IN MICROSOFT EXCEL Lets try to graph this data
CREATING (AB) SINGLE- SUBJECT DESIGN GRAPHS IN MICROSOFT EXCEL 2003 Lets try to graph this data Date Baseline Data Date NCR (intervention) 11/10 11/11 11/12 11/13 2 3 3 1 11/15 11/16 11/17 11/18 3 3 2
More informationDescribing Data Visually. Describing Data Visually. Describing Data Visually 9/28/12. Applied Statistics in Business & Economics, 4 th edition
A PowerPoint Presentation Package to Accompany Applied Statistics in Business & Economics, 4 th edition David P. Doane and Lori E. Seward Prepared by Lloyd R. Jaisingh Describing Data Visually Chapter
More informationHow to define Graph in HDSME
How to define Graph in HDSME HDSME provides several chart/graph options to let you analyze your business in a visual format (2D and 3D). A chart/graph can display a summary of sales, profit, or current
More informationExcel Manual X Axis Label Not Showing
Excel Manual X Axis Label Not Showing Currently the labels in lines 31/32 are just pasted. This requires a lot of manual work. Is there a way to Level X-Axis labels. if that is not possible using data
More informationWhy Should We Care? Everyone uses plotting But most people ignore or are unaware of simple principles Default plotting tools are not always the best
Elementary Plots Why Should We Care? Everyone uses plotting But most people ignore or are unaware of simple principles Default plotting tools are not always the best More importantly, it is easy to lie
More informationChapter Displaying Graphical Data. Frequency Distribution Example. Graphical Methods for Describing Data. Vision Correction Frequency Relative
Chapter 3 Graphical Methods for Describing 3.1 Displaying Graphical Distribution Example The data in the column labeled vision for the student data set introduced in the slides for chapter 1 is the answer
More informationInfographics at CDC for a nonscientific audience
Infographics at CDC for a nonscientific audience A Standards Guide for creating successful infographics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of the Associate Director for Communication 03/14/2012;
More informationStatistics. Graphing Statistics & Data. What is Data?. Data is organized information. It can be numbers, words, measurements,
Statistics Graphing Statistics & Data What is Data?. Data is organized information. It can be numbers, words, measurements, observations or even just descriptions of things. Qualitative vs Quantitative.
More informationWhy Should We Care? More importantly, it is easy to lie or deceive people with bad plots
Elementary Plots Why Should We Care? Everyone uses plotting But most people ignore or are unaware of simple principles Default plotting tools (or default settings) are not always the best More importantly,
More informationSTK 573 Metode Grafik untuk Analisis dan Penyajian Data
STK 573 Metode Grafik untuk Analisis dan Penyajian Data Pertemuan 5 Sajian Peubah Diskret Tunggal Tim Dosen: Prof. Dr. Khairil Anwar Notodiputro Dr. Ir. Aji Hamim Wigena Dr. Agus M Soleh Pendahuluan Chart:
More informationPASS Sample Size Software
Chapter 945 Introduction This section describes the options that are available for the appearance of a histogram. A set of all these options can be stored as a template file which can be retrieved later.
More informationGraphing Guidelines. Controlled variables refers to all the things that remain the same during the entire experiment.
Graphing Graphing Guidelines Graphs must be neatly drawn using a straight edge and pencil. Use the x-axis for the manipulated variable and the y-axis for the responding variable. Manipulated Variable AKA
More informationUsing Figures - The Basics
Using Figures - The Basics by David Caprette, Rice University OVERVIEW To be useful, the results of a scientific investigation or technical project must be communicated to others in the form of an oral
More informationLaboratory 2: Graphing
Purpose It is often said that a picture is worth 1,000 words, or for scientists we might rephrase it to say that a graph is worth 1,000 words. Graphs are most often used to express data in a clear, concise
More informationCreating Run Charts (Time Series Plots, Line Charts) Excel 2010 Tutorial
Creating Run Charts (Time Series Plots, Line Charts) Excel 2010 Tutorial Excel file for use with this tutorial GraphTutorData.xlsx File Location http://faculty.ung.edu/kmelton/data/graphtutordata.xlsx
More informationMATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS
1 MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS Objectives Learn how to enter formulae and create and edit graphs. Familiarize yourself with three classes of functions: linear, exponential, and power. Explore effects
More informationChapter 10. Definition: Categorical Variables. Graphs, Good and Bad. Distribution
Chapter 10 Graphs, Good and Bad Chapter 10 3 Distribution Definition: Tells what values a variable takes and how often it takes these values Can be a table, graph, or function Categorical Variables Places
More informationScience Binder and Science Notebook. Discussions
Lane Tech H. Physics (Joseph/Machaj 2016-2017) A. Science Binder Science Binder and Science Notebook Name: Period: Unit 1: Scientific Methods - Reference Materials The binder is the storage device for
More informationExcel Manual X Axis Scale Start At Graph
Excel Manual X Axis Scale Start At 0 2010 Graph But when I plot them by XY chart in Excel (2003), it looks like a rectangle, even if I havesame for both X, and Y axes, and I can see the X and Y data maximum
More informationESSENTIAL MATHEMATICS 1 WEEK 17 NOTES AND EXERCISES. Types of Graphs. Bar Graphs
ESSENTIAL MATHEMATICS 1 WEEK 17 NOTES AND EXERCISES Types of Graphs Bar Graphs Bar graphs are used to present and compare data. There are two main types of bar graphs: horizontal and vertical. They are
More informationElementary Statistics. Graphing Data
Graphing Data What have we learned so far? 1 Randomly collect data. 2 Sort the data. 3 Compute the class width for specific number of classes. 4 Complete a frequency distribution table with the following
More informationScientific Investigation Use and Interpret Graphs Promotion Benchmark 3 Lesson Review Student Copy
Scientific Investigation Use and Interpret Graphs Promotion Benchmark 3 Lesson Review Student Copy Vocabulary Data Table A place to write down and keep track of data collected during an experiment. Line
More informationExcel Manual X Axis Scales 2010 Graph Two X-
Excel Manual X Axis Scales 2010 Graph Two X-axis same for both X, and Y axes, and I can see the X and Y data maximum almost the same, but the graphy on Thanks a lot for any help in advance. Peter T, Jan
More informationLine Graphs. Name: The independent variable is plotted on the x-axis. This axis will be labeled Time (days), and
Name: Graphing Review Graphs and charts are great because they communicate information visually. For this reason graphs are often used in newspapers, magazines, and businesses around the world. Sometimes,
More informationPlotting scientific data in MS Excel 2003/2004
Plotting scientific data in MS Excel 2003/2004 The screen grab above shows MS Excel with all the toolbars switched on - remember that some options only become visible when others are activated. We only
More informationSTK110. Chapter 2: Tabular and Graphical Methods Lecture 1 of 2. ritakeller.com. mathspig.wordpress.com
STK110 Chapter 2: Tabular and Graphical Methods Lecture 1 of 2 ritakeller.com mathspig.wordpress.com Frequency distribution Example Data from a sample of 50 soft drink purchases Frequency Distribution
More informationChapter 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs
Chapter 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs Outline 2-1 Organizing Data 2-2 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives 2-3 Other Types of Graphs Objectives Organize data using a frequency distribution.
More informationThe Ellipse. PF 1 + PF 2 = constant. Minor Axis. Major Axis. Focus 1 Focus 2. Point 3.4.2
Minor Axis The Ellipse An ellipse is the locus of all points in a plane such that the sum of the distances from two given points in the plane, the foci, is constant. Focus 1 Focus 2 Major Axis Point PF
More informationChapter 1. Picturing Distributions with Graphs
Chapter 1. Picturing Distributions with Graphs 1 Chapter 1. Picturing Distributions with Graphs Definition. Individuals are the objects described by a set of data. Individuals may be people, but they may
More informationSimple Graphical Techniques
Simple Graphical Techniques Graphs are the pictorial representation of facts and figures, or data. The eye can detect patterns and trends from graphs far more easily than from a lot of numbers. Linear
More informationBusiness Statistics:
Department of Quantitative Methods & Information Systems Business Statistics: Chapter 2 Graphs, Charts, and Tables Describing Your Data QMIS 120 Dr. Mohammad Zainal Chapter Goals After completing this
More informationGraphing with Excel. Data Table
Graphing with Excel Copyright L. S. Quimby There are many spreadsheet programs and graphing programs that you can use to produce very nice graphs for your laboratory reports and homework papers, but Excel
More informationTO PLOT OR NOT TO PLOT?
Graphic Examples This document provides examples of a number of graphs that might be used in understanding or presenting data. Comments with each example are intended to help you understand why the data
More informationCS 147: Computer Systems Performance Analysis
CS 147: Computer Systems Performance Analysis Mistakes in Graphical Presentation CS 147: Computer Systems Performance Analysis Mistakes in Graphical Presentation 1 / 45 Overview Excess Information Multiple
More informationChpt 2. Frequency Distributions and Graphs. 2-3 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, Ogives / 35
Chpt 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs 2-3 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, Ogives 1 Chpt 2 Homework 2-3 Read pages 48-57 p57 Applying the Concepts p58 2-4, 10, 14 2 Chpt 2 Objective Represent Data Graphically
More informationConstructing Line Graphs Appendix B AP Biology Investigative Lab Essentials
Constructing Line Graphs Appendix B AP Biology Investigative Lab Essentials Directions: Reading, constructing and interpreting graphs are essential skills for any Biology/Science student. We will spend
More informationA Visual Display. A graph is a visual display of information or data. This is a graph that shows a girl walking her dog. Communicating with Graphs
A Visual Display A graph is a visual display of information or data. This is a graph that shows a girl walking her dog. A Visual Display The horizontal axis, or the x-axis, measures time. Time is the independent
More informationCreating Nice 2D-Diagrams
UseCase.0046 Creating Nice 2D-Diagrams Keywords: 2D view, z=f(x,y), axis, axes, bitmap, mesh, contour, plot, font size, color lookup table, presentation Description This use case demonstrates how to configure
More informationBuilding a Chart Using Trick or Treat Data a step by step guide By Jeffrey A. Shaffer
Building a Chart Using Trick or Treat Data a step by step guide By Jeffrey A. Shaffer Each year my home is bombarded on Halloween with an incredible amount of Trick or Treaters. So what else would an analytics
More informationHow to Make a Run Chart in Excel
How to Make a Run Chart in Excel While there are some statistical programs that you can use to make a run chart, it is simple to make in Excel, using Excel s built-in chart functions. The following are
More informationReview. In an experiment, there is one variable that is of primary interest. There are several other factors, which may affect the measured result.
Review Observational study vs experiment Experimental designs In an experiment, there is one variable that is of primary interest. There are several other factors, which may affect the measured result.
More informationProperties Range% - Minutes - Restart - Box Size Initial % -
Price Histogram The Price Histogram study draws horizontal rows of boxes, markers or letters. The rows are drawn at different lengths and price levels. The length of a row represents the number of times
More informationAWM 11 UNIT 1 WORKING WITH GRAPHS
AWM 11 UNIT 1 WORKING WITH GRAPHS Assignment Title Work to complete Complete 1 Introduction to Statistics Read the introduction no written assignment 2 Bar Graphs Bar Graphs 3 Double Bar Graphs Double
More informationMicrosoft Excel. Creating a Pie Chart on a Picture. 1. In order to create a pie chart on a picture, you need to first find
Microsoft Excel Creating a Pie Chart on a Picture Name Date 1. In order to create a pie chart on a picture, you need to first find the picture you want to use. Click on the Internet Explorer icon. 2. When
More information11 Wyner Statistics Fall 2018
11 Wyner Statistics Fall 218 CHAPTER TWO: GRAPHS Review September 19 Test September 28 For research to be valuable, it must be shared, and a graph can be an effective way to do so. The fundamental aspect
More informationMaking the most of graph questions
Get started Use skills and techniques to demonstrate geographical understanding (AO4) 4 Making the most of graph questions This unit will help you learn how to work with graphs, by plotting, labelling,
More informationTOPIC 4 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION
TOPIC 4 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION Public agencies are very keen on amassing statistics they collect them, raise them to the nth power, take the cube root, and prepare wonderful diagrams. But what you must
More information10 Wyner Statistics Fall 2013
1 Wyner Statistics Fall 213 CHAPTER TWO: GRAPHS Summary Terms Objectives For research to be valuable, it must be shared. The fundamental aspect of a good graph is that it makes the results clear at a glance.
More informationTennessee Senior Bridge Mathematics
A Correlation of to the Mathematics Standards Approved July 30, 2010 Bid Category 13-130-10 A Correlation of, to the Mathematics Standards Mathematics Standards I. Ways of Looking: Revisiting Concepts
More informationPage 21 GRAPHING OBJECTIVES:
Page 21 GRAPHING OBJECTIVES: 1. To learn how to present data in graphical form manually (paper-and-pencil) and using computer software. 2. To learn how to interpret graphical data by, a. determining the
More informationLESSON 2: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
LESSON : FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION Outline Frequency distribution, histogram, frequency polygon Relative frequency histogram Cumulative relative frequency graph Stem-and-leaf plots Scatter diagram Pie charts,
More informationExcel 2013 Unit A: Getting Started With Excel 2013
Excel 2013 Unit A: Getting Started With Excel 2013 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. An electronic is an application you use to perform numeric calculations and to analyze and present numeric data. a. database c. dataform
More informationAssessing Measurement System Variation
Example 1 Fuel Injector Nozzle Diameters Problem A manufacturer of fuel injector nozzles has installed a new digital measuring system. Investigators want to determine how well the new system measures the
More informationPHY 1405 Conceptual Physics I Making a Spring Scale. Leader: Recorder: Skeptic: Encourager:
PHY 1405 Conceptual Physics I Making a Spring Scale Leader: Recorder: Skeptic: Encourager: Materials Helical Spring Newton mass set Slotted gram mass set Mass hanger Laptop Balloon Ring stand with meter
More informationThis tutorial will lead you through step-by-step to make the plot below using Excel.
GES 131 Making Plots with Excel 1 / 6 This tutorial will lead you through step-by-step to make the plot below using Excel. Number of Non-Student Tickets vs. Student Tickets Y, Number of Non-Student Tickets
More informationAssessing Measurement System Variation
Assessing Measurement System Variation Example 1: Fuel Injector Nozzle Diameters Problem A manufacturer of fuel injector nozzles installs a new digital measuring system. Investigators want to determine
More informationDESCRIBING DATA. Frequency Tables, Frequency Distributions, and Graphic Presentation
DESCRIBING DATA Frequency Tables, Frequency Distributions, and Graphic Presentation Raw Data A raw data is the data obtained before it is being processed or arranged. 2 Example: Raw Score A raw score is
More informationCHM 152 Lab 1: Plotting with Excel updated: May 2011
CHM 152 Lab 1: Plotting with Excel updated: May 2011 Introduction In this course, many of our labs will involve plotting data. While many students are nerds already quite proficient at using Excel to plot
More informationHomework 4: Understanding Graphs [based on the Chauffe & Jefferies (2007)]
3 September 2008 MAR 110 HW4 -Graphs 1 Homework 4: Understanding Graphs [based on the Chauffe & Jefferies (2007)] The term "datum" refers to one unit of information. The plural of datum is "data." In science
More informationChapter 4. Displaying and Summarizing Quantitative Data. Copyright 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 4 Displaying and Summarizing Quantitative Data Copyright 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Dealing With a Lot of Numbers Summarizing the data will help us when we look at large sets of quantitative
More informationTables and Figures. Germination rates were significantly higher after 24 h in running water than in controls (Fig. 4).
Tables and Figures Text: contrary to what you may have heard, not all analyses or results warrant a Table or Figure. Some simple results are best stated in a single sentence, with data summarized parenthetically:
More informationSensors and Scatterplots Activity Excel Worksheet
Name: Date: Sensors and Scatterplots Activity Excel Worksheet Directions Using our class datasheets, we will analyze additional scatterplots, using Microsoft Excel to make those plots. To get started,
More information1.1 Displaying Distributions with Graphs, Continued
1.1 Displaying Distributions with Graphs, Continued Ulrich Hoensch Thursday, January 10, 2013 Histograms Constructing a frequency table involves breaking the range of values of a quantitative variable
More informationfile:///d:/mohammad 1/New Folder/Freeman/Microeconomics Paul Krug...
1 of 33 5/26/2013 10:46 PM COURSES > C > CONTROL PANEL > POOL MANAGER > POOL CANVAS Add, modify, and remove questions. Select a question type from the Add drop-down list and click Go to add questions.
More information5.3 Trigonometric Graphs. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
5.3 Trigonometric Graphs Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Objectives Graphs of Sine and Cosine Graphs of Transformations of Sine and Cosine Using Graphing Devices to Graph Trigonometric
More information1 Sketching. Introduction
1 Sketching Introduction Sketching is arguably one of the more difficult techniques to master in NX, but it is well-worth the effort. A single sketch can capture a tremendous amount of design intent, and
More informationChapter 4. September 08, appstats 4B.notebook. Displaying Quantitative Data. Aug 4 9:13 AM. Aug 4 9:13 AM. Aug 27 10:16 PM.
Objectives: Students will: Chapter 4 1. Be able to identify an appropriate display for any quantitative variable: stem leaf plot, time plot, histogram and dotplot given a set of quantitative data. 2. Be
More informationMs. Cavo Graphic Art & Design Illustrator CS3 Notes
Ms. Cavo Graphic Art & Design Illustrator CS3 Notes 1. Selection tool - Lets you select objects and groups by clicking or dragging over them. You can also select groups within groups and objects within
More informationAddendum COLOR PALETTES
Addendum Followup Material from Best Practices in Graphical Data Presentation Workshop 2010 Library Assessment Conference Baltimore, MD, October 25-27, 2010 COLOR PALETTES Two slides from the workshop
More informationUsing Graphing Skills
Name Class Date Laboratory Skills 8 Using Graphing Skills Time required: 30 minutes Introduction Recorded data can be plotted on a graph. A graph is a pictorial representation of information recorded in
More informationEXERCISE 1: CREATE LINE SPARKLINES
EXERCISE 1: CREATE LINE SPARKLINES In this exercise you ll create line sparklines. Then you ll convert the line type to the column type. Part 1: Create the sparklines Before you start, notice that the
More informationSection 1.3. Slope of a Line
Slope of a Line Introduction Comparing the Steepness of Two Objects Two ladders leaning against a building. Which is steeper? We compare the vertical distance from the base of the building to the ladder
More informationChapter 2. The Excel functions, Excel Analysis ToolPak Add-ins or Excel PHStat2 Add-ins needed to create frequency distributions are:
I. Organizing Data in Tables II. Describing Data by Graphs Chapter 2 I. Tables: 1. Frequency Distribution (Nominal or Ordinal) 2. Grouped Frequency Distribution (Interval or Ratio data) 3. Joint Frequency
More informationSection 3 Correlation and Regression - Worksheet
The data are from the paper: Exploring Relationships in Body Dimensions Grete Heinz and Louis J. Peterson San José State University Roger W. Johnson and Carter J. Kerk South Dakota School of Mines and
More informationA To draw a line graph showing the connection between the time and cost
Hire a coach In this activity you will use Excel to draw line graphs which show the connection between variables in real situations. You will also study how features of the graphs are related to the information
More informationFlashChart. Symbols and Chart Settings. Main menu navigation. Data compression and time period of the chart. Chart types.
FlashChart Symbols and Chart Settings With FlashChart you can display several symbols (for example indices, securities or currency pairs) in an interactive chart. You can also add indicators and draw on
More informationCollecting and Organizing Data. The Scientific Method (part 3) Rules for making data tables: Collecting and Organizing Data
Collecting and Organizing Data The Scientific Method (part 3) As you work on your experiment, you are making observations that will become your experimental data. Data can be collected in a variety of
More informationBiggar High School Mathematics Department. S1 Block 1. Revision Booklet GOLD
Biggar High School Mathematics Department S1 Block 1 Revision Booklet GOLD Contents MNU 3-01a MNU 3-03a MNU 3-03b Page Whole Number Calculations & Decimals 3 MTH 3-05b MTH 3-06a MTH 4-06a Multiples, Factors,
More informationPearson's Ramp-Up Mathematics
Introducing Slope L E S S O N CONCEPT BOOK See pages 7 8 in the Concept Book. PURPOSE To introduce slope as a graphical form of the constant of proportionality, k. The lesson identifies k as the ratio
More informationAppendix C: Graphing. How do I plot data and uncertainties? Another technique that makes data analysis easier is to record all your data in a table.
Appendix C: Graphing One of the most powerful tools used for data presentation and analysis is the graph. Used properly, graphs are an important guide to understanding the results of an experiment. They
More informationCircle Graphs Long-Term Memory Review Review 1
Review 1 1. When is a circle graph the most appropriate representation? 2. An angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle is a angle. 3. The total measure of all central angles of a circle graph
More information2.3 BUILDING THE PERFECT SQUARE
16 2.3 BUILDING THE PERFECT SQUARE A Develop Understanding Task Quadratic)Quilts Optimahasaquiltshopwhereshesellsmanycolorfulquiltblocksforpeoplewhowant tomaketheirownquilts.shehasquiltdesignsthataremadesothattheycanbesized
More informationECE 585 Microwave Engineering II Lecture 16 Supplemental Notes. Modeling the Response of a FET Amplifier Using Ansoft Designer K.
C 585 Microwave ngineering II Lecture 16 Supplemental Notes Modeling the Response of a FT Amplifier Using Ansoft Designer K. Carver 4-13-04 Consider a simple FT microwave amplifier circuit shown below,
More informationA marathon is a race that lasts for 26.2 miles. It has been a very popular race
The Man Who Ran from Marathon to Athens Graphing Direct Proportions Learning Goals In this lesson, you will: Graph relationships that are directly proportional. Interpret the graphs of relationships that
More information1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
In order for news to be useful, it must be reported in a clear, organized manner. Like the news, scientific data become meaningful only when they are organized and communicated. Communication includes
More informationI STATISTICAL TOOLS IN SIX SIGMA DMAIC PROCESS WITH MINITAB APPLICATIONS
Six Sigma Quality Concepts & Cases- Volume I STATISTICAL TOOLS IN SIX SIGMA DMAIC PROCESS WITH MINITAB APPLICATIONS Chapter 7 Measurement System Analysis Gage Repeatability & Reproducibility (Gage R&R)
More informationNotes 5C: Statistical Tables and Graphs
Notes 5C: Statistical Tables and Graphs Frequency Tables A frequency table is an easy way to display raw data. A frequency table typically has between two to four columns: The first column lists all the
More informationFACTFILE: GCE TECHNOLOGY & DESIGN
FACTFILE: GCE TECHNOLOGY & DESIGN 1.8, 1.26, 1.56 DESIGN AND COMMUNICATION Design and Communication Learning outcomes Students should be able to: communicate designs using 2D methods, to include freehand
More informationPASS Sample Size Software. These options specify the characteristics of the lines, labels, and tick marks along the X and Y axes.
Chapter 940 Introduction This section describes the options that are available for the appearance of a scatter plot. A set of all these options can be stored as a template file which can be retrieved later.
More information