ELEG 5693 Wireless Communications Ch. 6 Diversity
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1 Departet of Electrical Egieerig Uiversit of Arasas ELEG 5693 Wireless Couicatios C. 6 Diversit Dr. Jigia Wu wuj@uar.edu
2 OUTLIE Itroductio Classificatio Space Diversit Teciques Space Tie Bloc Code
3 ITRODUCTIO 3 Wat is diversit? E.g. Trasit te sae sigal several ties. Receiver as ultiple copies of te sae sigal. Eac cop of te sigal udergoes idepedet fadig. Te probabilit tat all te sigals are severel distorted (deepl faded) siultaeousl is sall. Diversit: Trasittig ultiple replicas of te sae sigal at statisticall idepedet fadig cael to iprove couicatio qualit. Te probabilit tat all te sigals are distorted b cael is saller copared to te o-diversit case.
4 ITRODUCTIO 4 Diversit ca be acieved b utilizig te properties of fadig So far, all of our discussios treat fadig as a pure egative factor to reliable ig speed wireless couicatio. Tie-varig, frequec-selective Degrade sste perforace If properl adled, fadig ca also beefit sste perforace!!! E.g. Tie-varig fadig: Coeret tie te tie period over wic te cael is strogl correlated. Trasit te sae sigal at differet tie periods wit iterval larger ta coeret tie Acieve diversit i te tie doai Tie diversit Classificatios: Tie diversit frequec diversit space diversit.
5 OUTLIE 5 Itroductio Classificatio Space Diversit Teciques Space Tie Bloc Code
6 CLASSIFICATIO: TIME DIVERSITY 6 Tie diversit Repeatedl trasit te iforatio bearig sigal at tie spacig tat eceeds te coerece tie of te cael. (tie varig fadig) Sigals udergo statisticall idepedet fadig i te tie doai. If oe cop of te sigal is deepl faded, it s liel tat te oter copies ca still be detected b te receiver. Usig redudac i te tie doai to tradeoff perforace Tradeoff betwee badwidt efficiec ad power efficiec! Eaple: cael codig wit iterleavig Cael codig iforatio + redudac Iterleavig spread out te codeword over tie. If te iterleavig dept is large eoug, ever bit of te codeword udergoes idepedet fadig If oe or ore bit are i error, wile te oter bits are rigt, te iforatio ca still be recovered.
7 CLASSIFICATIO: FREQUECY DIVERSITY 7 Frequec diversit (ultipat diversit) Trasittig te sae iforatio at differet frequec bads wit spacig larger ta te coeret badwidt (frequec selective fadig) Sigals at differet frequec udergo idepedet fadig Eplaatio fro tie doai: Frequec selective fadig ultiple copies of te sae sigal arrive at te receiver at differet tie due to ultipat fadig. Multipat copoets are idepedet sigals propagatig troug differet pat are udergoig idepedet fadig ultipat diversit! Frequec selective fadig ISI Frequec selective fadig ulitpat (frequec) diversit Frequec diversit ca be acieved b usig equalizatio i frequec selective fadig After ISI is partiall reoved, wat is reaiig is frequec diversit.
8 CLASSIFICATIO: SPACE DIVERSITY 8 Space diversit (atea diversit) Multiple ateas are used at trasitter ad/or receiver, wit spacig betwee two adjacet ateas beig cose to esure te idepedece of fadig. Most popular diversit tecique. To esure idepedece Mobile statio: ateas are separated alf wavelegt or ore. ad are idepedet Base statio: atea spacig eed to be several tes of wavelegts. ad are idepedet BS MS
9 CLASSIFICATIO: SPACE DIVERSITY 9 Space diversit classificatios Receive diversit Sigle trasit atea, ultiple receive atea SIMO (sigle iput ultiple output) Trasit diversit Multiple trasit atea, sigle receive atea MISO (ultiple iput sigal output) Diversit o bot trasitter ad receiver Multiple trasit ateas, ultiple receive ateas MIMO (ultiple iput ultiple output)
10 OUTLIE 0 Itroductio Classificatio Space Diversit Teciques Space Tie Bloc Code
11 SPACE DIVERSITY Istataeous SR of o-diversit sste Sste odel Sigal power oise power E E s Istataeous SR: (sigal power/oise power) E s 0 Power of odulatio sbol SR witout fadig
12 SPACE DIVERSITY Istataeous SR Fadig varies wit tie SR varies wit tie Te fluctuatio of SR degrades te perforace of wireless couicatio sste If tere is o fadig (AWG ol), te SR is costat Space diversit will ae te SR ore flat
13 SPACE DIVERSITY: COMMO TECHIQUES 3 Coo receive diversit teciques Selectio diversit Maial Ratio Cobiig (MRC) Equal Gai (EG) diversit Coo trasit diversit teciques Trasit diversit wit feedbac Space tie bloc code Space tie trellis code MIMO Space tie bloc code Space tie trellis code
14 4 SPACE DIVERSITY: RECEIVE DIVERSITY Sste odel for receive diversit T ateas, R ateas. Te sigal at te t R atea: Sste equatio i atri forat Te sae sigal is received b ateas. Eac sigal udergoes idepedet fadig R R
15 SPACE DIVERSITY: SELECTIO DIVERSITY 5 Selectio diversit Out of te received sigals, at eac sbol period, coose te oe wit te aiu istataeous SR. Deodulatio ad decodig is perfored for te sigals wit te aial SR. Sigals o oter ateas are discarded. Measure SR Logic Circuits Output r Measure SR SR of te t R atea SR after selectio diversit 0 a,,, sel
16 SPACE DIVERSITY: SELECTIO DIVERSITY 6 SR after selectio diversit ( = 3) 3 sel
17 SPACE DIVERSITY: MAXIMAL RATIO COMBIGIG 7 Maial Ratio Cobiig (MRC) r Output r r r r r Te sigals fro all R ateas are processed ad cobied togeter Te output o te t brac r Te output of te MRC receiver r
18 8 SPACE DIVERSITY: MRC SR of MRC r Power of sigal copoet s E Power of oise E SR s E 0 Te SR of MRC equals to te su of SRs of idividual braces! MRC is te optiu diversit receiver (igest SR aog all diversit receivers.)
19 SPACE DIVERSITY: MRC 9
20 SPACE DIVERSITY: EQUAL GAI COMBIIG 0 Equal gai cobiig (EGC) j e r Output r r r r e j r : te pase of, i.e., Te output of te t brac: j e j r e Te output of te Equal Gai receiver r j e
21 SPACE DIVERSITY: EQUAL GAI COMBIIG SR of equal gai cobiig Copariso of Selectio diversit, MRC, ad EGC 0
22 OUTLIE Itroductio Classificatio Receiver Diversit Space Tie Bloc Code
23 STBC 3 Ortogoal Space Tie Bloc Code Proposed b Alaouti i 998 A siple trasit diversit tecique for wireless couicatios, IEEE Joural o Selected Areas of Couicatios, vol. 6, 998. Suitable for sste wit T ateas ad arbitrar uber of receive ateas A siple, et powerful space diversit tecique It does t require a owledge of te cael at trasitter. ALL trasit diversit teciques before STBC require soe owledge of te cael at te trasitter Te trasitter ca lear te cael state troug feedbac fro receiver etra badwidt is used for feedbac It as bee adopted b 3GPP HSDPA (Hig Speed Dowli Pacet Access)
24 STBC 4 Structure ( T, R) Space tie t t Assuptio: te cael eeps costat durig two cosecutive sbol periods ( t ad t ). At tie, trasit o atea, trasit o atea. t At tie, trasit o atea, trasit o atea. t
25 STBC 5 Sste equatio H Cael atri is ortogoal H H H Receiver r H r r H
26 6 STBC T, M R At tie, trasit o atea, trasit o atea. At te -t R atea t At tie, trasit o atea, trasit o atea. At te -t R atea t Sste equatio at te -t R atea H
27 7 STBC T, M R (Cot d) Sste equatio for all te R ateas M M M H H H Receiver H r H
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