Fuzzy Logic Controlled Shunt Active Power Filter for Three-phase Four-wire Systems with Balanced and Unbalanced Loads
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1 Fuzzy Logc ontrolled Shunt ctve Power Flter for Threephase Fourwre Systems wth alanced and Unbalanced Loads hmed. Helal, Nahla E. Zakzouk, and Yasser G. Desouky bstract Ths paper presents a fuzzy logc controlled shunt actve power flter used to compensate for harmonc dstorton n threephase fourwre systems. The shunt actve flter employs a smple method for the calculaton of the reference compensaton current based of Fast Fourer Transform. Ths presented flter s able to operate n both balanced and unbalanced condtons. fuzzy logc based current controller strategy s used to regulate the flter current and hence ensure harmonc free supply current. The valdty of the presented approach n harmonc mtgaton s verfed va smulaton results of the proposed test system under dfferent ng condtons. to cancel the harmonc and reactve currents drawn by the nonlnear s [] as shown n fg.. Keywords ctve power flters, Fuzzy logc controller, Power qualty. I I. INTRODUTION N recent years, power qualty dstorton has become a serous problem n electrcal power systems due to the ncrease of nonlnear s drawng nonsnusodal currents. ctve flters have been wdely used for harmonc mtgaton as well as reactve power compensaton, balancng, voltage regulaton, and voltage flcker compensaton. threephase fourwre systems wth nonlnear s a hgh level of harmonc currents n both the three lne conductors and more sgnfcantly n the neutral wre has been enrolled. Unbalanced s also results n further declnaton of the supply qualty []. Varous harmonc mtgaton technques have been proposed to reduce the effect of harmoncs. These technques nclude phase multplcaton, passve flters, actve power flters (PFs), and harmonc njecton. One of the most popular PFs s the shunt actve power flter. It s manly a current source, connected n parallel wth the nonlnear s. onventonally, a shunt PF s controlled n such a way as to nject harmonc and reactve compensaton currents based on calculated reference currents. The njected currents are meant hmed. Helal, s wth the rab cademy for Scences and Technology and Martme Transport, lexandra, EGYPT (phone: 73773; fax: 33336; emal: ahmedanas@ aast.edu). Nahla E. Zakzouk s wth the rab cademy for Scences and Technology and Martme Transport, lexandra, EGYPT (e mal: nahlaezzeldn@ hotmal.com). Yasser G. Desouky s wth the rab cademy for Scences and Technology and Martme Transport, lexandra, EGYPT (e mal: ygdessouky@yahoo.com). Fg. onnecton of shunt actve flter wth nonlnear II. ONTROL SYSTEM DESRIPTION FOR SHUNT PF. General The control system for shunt PF could be dvded nto two man stages, n the frst stage the reference compensatng current has to be determned, whle n the second stage the dervaton of the swtchng functon for the flter nverter crcut s computed [3].. Reference ompensaton urrent alculaton The reference compensaton current s determned manly usng the nformaton about both the fundamental and the harmonc content of the measured current. Several methods have been proposed n the lterature for reference compensaton current computaton []. These methods depend on ether tme doman or frequency doman analyss. ths paper the method utlzed for reference compensaton current calculaton depends on Fast Fourer Transform (FF T), sort of frequency doman analyss. FFT used to extract the magntude of the fundamental component of the current from whch the reference compensaton current wll be computed.
2 The followng equatons descrbe the procedure used for reference compensaton current calculatons; () harmoncs sn t () The current s a pero functon and accordng to Fourer seres; a o a n cos nt b n sn nt (3) Where; a o a n nd n t dt, tcos nt dt, n () b n tsn nt dt, n. (6) Thus, the fundamental component magntude of current () dervatve and the command sgnal respectvely. Degree of membershp Degree of membershp negatve zero postve error Fg. (a) negatve zero postve derror/dt Fg. (b) a n b n (7) gnegatve negatve zero postve gpostve The ampltude of the reference supply current s gven by; s Where s the current responsble for compensatng of the losses due to the change n the capactor voltage. Then takng the sne wave template from the supply voltage, the reference supply current wll be; sn t (9) s The reference compensatng current s; f f f s sn t sn t harmoncs harmoncs. Fuzzy Logc urrent ontroller (8) () () () The desred swtchng sgnals for the flter nverter crcut are determned accordng to the error n the flter current usng fuzzy logc controller. The parameters for the fuzzy logc current controller used n ths paper are as follow; The desgn uses centrfugal defuzzfcaton method. There are two nputs; error and ts dervatve and one output, whch s the command sgnal to the PWM of the fler nverter. The two nput uses Gaussan membershp functons whle the output use trangle membershp functon. Fg. shows the degree of membershp for the error and ts Degree of membershp ommand sgnal Fg. (c) Fg. The degree of membershp for (a) the error, (b) the error dervatve, and (c) the command sgnal The above fgures are the nput and output varables for balanced condton. Smlar varable are used for unbalanced condton but wth dfferent ranges; nput wth range [,], nput wth range [,], and the output wth range [,]. The fuzzy rules representaton table s as follow; TLE I THE FUZZY RULES REPRESENTTION TLE Error de/dt Negatve Zero Postve Negatve Zero Postve g Negatve g Negatve g Negatve Postve Zero Negatve g Postve g Postve g Postve
3 The followng fgure summares the structure of the descrbed control strategy for shunt PF. Dscrete, Ts= e6 s. Vs Rr r N Rr r loss s flter flter du / dt Shunt PF g IL IF Iflter I Rr Mean r V v Ifund V ontrol loops Fourer Fg. 3 The control strategy for shunt PF III. SIMULTION OF THE TEST SYSTEM SETUP Fg. The test system smulaton wth balanced nonlnear s The model parameters are as follows; TLE II MODEL PRMETERS IN SE OF LNED LOD Load mh mh mh Rr= Ω, r= μf Fg. the test system setup The tested power system as shown above s a threephase, fourwre V lne voltage system supplyng 6W to three snglephase balanced & unbalanced non lnear s wth seres passve flter reactance to be close to the source reactance []. The shunt PF s threephase, fourwre IGTbased current controlled voltage source converter wth an output ac flter (L f) and energy storage capactor on bus where; 3F V volts The system was smulated usng MTL/SIMULINK software n order to valdate the effcency of the presented control algorthm for both balanced and unbalanced condtons.. pplcaton of Shunt PF on alanced Nonlnear Loads ths case the s n the form of 3 snglephase uncontrolled brdge rectfers wth R.. pplcaton of Shunt PF on Unbalanced Nonlnear Loads ths case the s n the form of 3 snglephase dfferent non lnear s. The frst s uncontrolled brdge rectfer wth R, the second s pure resstve & the thrd s brdge rectfer wth R. Dscrete, Ts= e6 s. N Vs V v Shunt PF g IL IF Ifund V ontrol loops Iflter Fg. 6 The test system smulaton wth unbalanced nonlnear s I Fourer R3 R R L3 Mean
4 Neutral current The model parameters are as follows; TLE III MODEL PRMETERS IN SE OF UNLNED LOD mh eutral (mp) 3 Loads 3 mh. mh Load: R= 8 Ω, = μf Load: R= Ω Load3: R3= Ω, L3=. H Tme (sec) Fg. 7(c) Vsupply a (volt) Isupply a (mp) IV. SIMULTION RESULTS. Shunt PF wth alanced Nonlnear Loads 3 Load current n phase a Tme (sec) Fg. 7(d) Fg. 7 The smulaton results for (a) phase current, (b) phase flter current, (c) neutral current, and (d) supply voltage and current I a (mp). Shunt PF wth Unbalanced Nonlnear Loads 3 3 Load current n phase a Tme (sec) Fg. 7(a) I a (mp) Iflter a (mp) 9 Flter current n phase a Tme (sec) Fg. 7(b) Iflter a (mp) Tme (sec) 3 Fg. 8(a) Flter current n phase a Tme (sec) Fg. 8(b)
5 6 Load current n phase b 8 6 Supply voltage versus supply current n phase a Vsupply a (volt) Isupply a (mp) I b (mp) Iflter b (mp) I c (mp) Iflter c (mp) Tme (sec) 3 3 Fg. 8(c) Flter current n phase b Tme (sec) Fg. 8(d) Load current n phase c Tme (sec) Fg. 8(e) Flter current n phase c Tme (sec) Fg. 8(f) eutral (mp) Tme (sec) Fg. 8(g) Supply voltage versus supply current n phase b Tme (sec) Fg. 8(h) Supply voltage versus supply current n phase c Vsupply b (volt) Isupply b (mp) Tme (sec) Fg. 8() Neutral current Vsupply c (volt) Isupply c (mp) Tme (sec) Fg. 8(j) Fg. 8 The smulaton results for (a) phase a current, (b) phase a flter current, (c) phase b current, (d) phase b flter current, (e) phase c current, (f) phase c flter current, (g) phase a supply voltage and current, (h) phase b supply voltage and current, () phase c supply voltage and current, and (j) neutral current.
6 The smulaton results for both balanced and unbalanced ng condtons prove the effectveness of the desgned actve flter n both harmonc current mtgaton and neutral current cancelaton (n case of unbalanced ng). V. ONLUSION shunt PF based on FFT for reference compensatng current calculaton and fuzzy logc current controller has been studed to mprove the system power qualty by compensatng the harmonc lne currents and also the neutral current. FFT method s smple and relable for reference compensatng current calculatons. Fuzzy logc controller mproves the overall control system performance over other conventonal controller. The valdty of the presented control algorthm was proved by smulaton of a three phase four wre test system under both balanced and unbalanced ng condtons. REFERENES []. Elmtwally, S. bdelkader, M. Elkateb Performance evaluaton of fuzzy controlled three and four wreshunt actve power condtoners IEEE Power Engneerng Socety Wnter Meetng,. Volume 3, Issue, 37 Jan Page(s):6 6 vol.3. [] G. K. Sngh, Power system harmoncs research: a survey European Transactons on Electrcal Power, 9 Page(s): 7. [3]. Emad,. Nasr, S. ekarov, Unnterruptble Power Supples and ctve Flters. R Press,, ch.. [] S. Rechka, E. Ngandu, Janhong Xu; P. Scard, comparatve study of harmonc detecton algorthms for actve flters and hybrd actve flters IEEE 33rd nnual Power Electroncs Specalsts onference,. Volume, Page(s): [] J. S. Setadj and H. H. Tumbelaka, Smulaton of ctve Flterng ppled to omputer entre, Journal Technque Electro, vol., pp 9, September. hmed. Helal (M 97) was born n lexandra, Egypt, n 97. He receved the.sc. and M.Sc. degrees, both n electrcal engneerng, from lexandra Unversty, lexandra, Egypt, n 99 and 998, respectvely. He receved the Ph.D. degree from HerotWatt Unversty, Ednburgh, U.K., n. He s currently ssocate Professor n the Electrcal and ontrol Engneerng Department, Faculty of Engneerng and Technology, rab cademy for Scences, Technology (ST), lexandra, Egypt. Hs areas of nterest nclude electrcal machne desgn, modelng, and smulaton; power qualty, and power electroncs applcatons n power systems..
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