Zone 124, Master Map Normal View

Transcription

1 Zone Master, Normal View, 10 deg FOV Zone 124, Master Map Normal View λ Vulpecula γ M57 Sulafat Hercules β Sheliak Ring Nebula in Lyra ν1 ν2 Lyra ο ν ξ ' ' ' ' ' 19h 00m 18h 48m 18h 36m 18h 24m 18h 12m 18h 00m

2 , Map 1 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. STF 2335 Soulie 184 STF 2333 STF 2340 Fox 227 h1320 h1319 STF 2295 Popovic 78 STF 2291 Espin 185 h1314 Dolidze-Dzimselejsvili all 31 Kustner ' ' ' ' ' 99 Her Lyra ν STF 2328 STF 2327 Hercules. G h 30m 18h 25m 18h 20m 18h 15m 18h 10m 18h 05m 18h 00m

3 , Map 1 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. Espin 344 Kustner 116 h1314 Dolidze-Dzimselejsvili Popovic 78 STF 2291 Espin 185 STF 2295 all 31 h1319 h1320 Fox 227 STF 2335 Soulie ' ' ' ' ' ν 99 Her STF 2259 Lyra. G. 360 Hercules STF 2327 STF h 00m 18h 05m 18h 10m 18h 15m 18h 20m 18h 25m 18h 30m

4 , Map 2 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. STF 2328 STF 2327 Hough 434 NGC 6632 ur 1326 Hercules. G. 361 STF 2317 rej STF 2318 h1322 STF G. 360 H V 93 H 93 STF 2292 ο ν ξ Espin 470 Espin 471 Hough 426 STF 2263 Hough 564 ur Her Hough ' ' ' ' ' Giacobini 33 Kustner 117 STF 2309 Holmes 11 STF 2268 Holmes 10 18h 30m STF h 25m 18h 20m 18h 15m 18h 10m 18h 05m 18h 00m

5 , Map 2 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. ν STF 2259 Dembowski 17 STF 2247 ξ ο Hough 423 ller 2 Espin 470 Espin 471 Hough 426 STF 2263 Hough 564 ur 1461 Hough Her H V 93 H 93 STF G. 360 STF 2312 h1322 Hercules NGC G. 361 ur 1326 STF 2317 rej STF 2318 STF 2327 STF 2328 Hough ' ' ' ' ' STF 2268 Holmes 10 STF 2309 Holmes 11 Kustner 117 STF h 00m 18h 05m 18h 10m 18h 15m 18h 20m 18h 25m 18h 30m

6 , Map 3 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. Scheiner 573 OSS 172 STF 2372 Kustner 119 STF 2349 STF 2352 STF ' ' ' ' ' Scheiner 567 Soulie h 45m 18h 42m 18h 39m 18h 36m 18h 33m 18h 30m

7 , Map 3 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. STF 2335 STF 2352 STF 2349 STF 2372 Kustner 119 Scheiner ' ' ' ' ' Soulie 184 Scheiner h 30m 18h 33m 18h 36m 18h 39m 18h 42m 18h 45m

8 , Map 4 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. h1337 Hough 437 STF 2359 rej STF 2358 Soulie 209 STF 2340 STF ' ' ' ' ' STF 2376 h1336 STF h 45m 18h 42m 18h 39m 18h 36m 18h 33m Kustner h 30m

9 , Map 4 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. STF 2333 STF 2340 Soulie 209 STF 2359 rej STF 2358 Hough 437 h1337 STF ' ' ' ' ' h1336 STF 2367 Kustner h 30m 18h 33m 18h 36m 18h 39m 18h 42m 18h 45m

10 , Map 5 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. ur 648 OS 525 STF 2421 NGC 6720 Ring Nebula in Lyra M57 Espin 2233 β Nu 1 Lyr ν1 eta Lyr Sheliak Tarrant 3 STF 2407 rej Hussey 936 h1349 STF 2390 OSS ' ' ' ' ' γ Sulafat Scheiner 575 Nu 2 Lyrν2 19h 00m 18h 57m 18h 54m 18h 51m 18h 48m 18h 45m

11 β h1349 ν1 Zone 124, Map 5 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. OSS 172 STF 2390 Hussey 936 eta Lyr Sheliak Espin 2233 STF 2407 rej Tarrant 3 Nu 1 Lyr OS 525 Ring Nebula in Lyra M57 NGC 6720 STF 2421 ur ' ' ' ' ' Scheiner 575 γ Sulafat ν2 Nu 2 Lyr 18h 45m 18h 48m 18h 51m 18h 54m 18h 57m 19h 00m

12 , Map 6 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. λ Holmes 14 Goyal 12 Scheiner Scheiner 574 NGC 6700 Hussey 935 STF 2397 arton ' ' ' ' ' 19h 00m 18h 57m 18h 54m 18h 51m 18h 48m 18h 45m

13 , Map 6 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. Scheiner 574 NGC 6700 Hussey 935 STF 2397 arton 261 Scheiner Goyal 12 λ ' ' ' ' ' 18h 45m 18h 48m 18h 51m 18h 54m 18h 57m 19h 00m

14 , Map 7 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. h1361. G. 370 STF G. 367 STF 2419 STF 2418 rej Hercules h1336 h1352 Milburn 466 h1347 STF 2381 STF 2374 STF 2371 NGC 6710 STF 2406 h1333 STF 2356 Soulie 361 pm 184 Kustner 118 STF 2328 Lyra ' ' ' ' ' Vulpecula NGC 6697 Giacobini 33 19h 00m 18h 55m 18h 50m 18h 45m STF h 40m 18h 35m 18h 30m

15 , Map 7 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. Kustner 118 STF 2327 STF 2328 Hough 434 pm 184 STF 2356 Soulie 361 h1333 h1336 Milburn 466 STF 2374 STF 2371 STF 2381 h1347 h1352 NGC 6710 STF 2406 STF G. 367 STF 2419 STF 2418 rej Hercules h ' ' ' ' ' Kustner 117 Giacobini 33 NGC 6697 Vulpecula STF 2320 STF h 30m 18h 35m 18h 40m 18h 45m 18h 50m 18h 55m 19h 00m

16 Index 91 Double Stars, 1 Open Cluster, 4 Galaxies Flamsteed 100 Her Her G G G all arton eta Lyr pm ur ur ur D Dolidze-Dzimselejsvili E Espin Espin Espin Espin F Fox G Giacobini Goyal H H V h h h h h h h h h h Holmes Holmes Hough Hough Hough Hough Hough Hussey Hussey K Kustner Kustner Kustner

17 Kustner M Milburn N NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC Nu 1 Lyr Nu 2 Lyr O OS OSS S Scheiner Scheiner Scheiner Scheiner Scheiner Soulie Soulie Soulie STF STF STF STF STF STF STF STF 2317 rej STF STF STF STF STF STF STF STF STF STF STF 2359 rej STF STF STF STF STF STF STF STF STF STF 2407 rej STF 2418 rej STF STF STF T Tarrant

18 Zone 124, Map 1 Double Stars Easy all 31 T Her; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E M4e O W 1877: measurements. is a Mira-type system. C11 at 115x. The color in is fairly rich. Diameter: = 60.3 inches. Separation: = 23.8 miles. Distance (LY): 235 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.58 STF 2291 SO Position: Rating: 4 E W? =? 1992 F8 W? 1830: measurements. The stars have a small difference in proper motion. Quadrant reversal

19 C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 9.00 inches; = 17.1 inches. Separation: = 7.70 miles. Distance (LY): 169 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.3 h1320 Position: Rating: 4 E W W 1873: measurements. C8 at 104x. This star is the vertex of a large and flat triangle with two 10m stars. Distance (LY): 78 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.04 Kustner 116 Position: Rating: 5 E W W 1895: measurements. C8 at 104x

20 h1314 Position: Rating: 5 E bw = 1991 W 1873: measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho mission data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical. C8 at 104x. n orange 5.7m star lies 24 min SW and is a good skymark. Distance (LY): 453 Total luminosity (Suns): 2 99 Her Rating: 5 E C 15; DS 11077; HD ; SO Position: F8 V yw ! 1997 No C K4 V yw D No E No F No G No 1859: 347. Over 100 measurements. The orbital period is 55.8 years (Heintz, 1972), with semi-major axis of 1.08" and direct motion. C 1912: measurements. D, E, F and G 1 measurement. Star is a spectroscopic binary. C8 at 104x. Faint but rich field

21 Diameter: = 3.60 inches; C = 37.1 inches. Separation: = 53 feet; C = 7.64 miles; D = 11.0 miles. Distance (LY): 51 Total luminosity (Suns): 1.7 Espin 185 DS Position: Rating: 5 E 9.89 W ! : measurements. C11 at 115x. Distance (LY): 52 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.03 STF 2295 DS 11164; SO Position: Rating: 5 E 8.30 M0 Y W 1831: measurements. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 40.8 inches. Separation: = 26.7 miles. Distance (LY): 1,870 Total luminosity (Suns):

22 Moderate h1319 SO Position: Rating: 4 M Y ? 1873: measurements. C8 at 104x. n 8m/9m pair lies 14 min E. h1319 sits on the leg of a 9m right triangle. Very rich field. Diameter: = 7.55 inches. Separation: = 8.72 miles. Distance (LY): 323 Total luminosity (Suns): 1.88 Fox 227 SO Position: Rating: 5 M 8.86 K0 O W 1894: measurements. C11 at 115x

23 Deep Sky Objects Easy Dolidze-Dzimselejsvili 9 Rating: 5 E Position: Type: OC Class: III 2 p Dimensions: 34' Cluster population: 15 C11 at 98x. Does not stand out well from the field. I counted 11 stars, four of them in a nice bow. Zone 124, Map 2 Double Stars 100 Her Rating: 1 E STF 2280; DS 11089; HD ; SO Position: V W V W C ? 1821: 185. Over 100 measurements. The primary rotates at 176 kps and the secondary at 168. The stars share common proper motion. C 1905: measurements. C8 at 83x. Webb saw them as gw and bw. Easy - 8 -

24 John Ryan (Salamanca, Spain; 8" SCT) p, p. Using a MicroGuide, he measured 184. "This double is also an example of ghost eyes, car headlights. Very nice double and jolly good fun to measure with the MG " Tom Teague (Chester, England; 63mm Ref) "n attractive pair a fainter twin of Gamma ri!" W, and W. Suspected pendulum effect at 210x. Others note W, W. Diameter: = 8.10 inches; = 8.10 inches. Separation: = 5.00 miles; C = 28.4 miles. Distance (LY): 229 Total luminosity (Suns): Her (STF 2280) Observed with C8 on 8/10/99; s7, t7 Magnification: 100x - 9 -

25 STF 2318 HD ; SO Position: Rating: 3 E 8.40 K2 III O ! d 1829: measurements. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 49.5 inches. Separation: = 2.20 miles. Distance (LY): 67 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.17 STF 2263 Hough 564 (); DS 11003; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E 8.73 K0 V yo ! ? C W 1897: measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical. However, the stars show similar proper motion. C 1908: measurements. C8 at 104x. Faint but rich field

26 Diameter: = 2.40 inches. Separation: = 136 miles; C = 313 miles. Distance (LY): 2,500 Total luminosity (Suns): 274 STF 2268 ur 825 (); DS 11013; HD Position: Rating: 4 E 8.60 F2 W bw? C W 1881: measurements. C 1829: measurements. C8 at 104x. was very difficult. Diameter: = 12.1 inches. Separation: = 25.9 miles; C = 40.3 miles. Distance (LY): 1,100? Total luminosity (Suns): 47. G. 360 Rating: 4 E SO Position: K0 yo W 1895: measurements

27 C8 at 104x. nice field lies just 30 min SE. h1322 Position: Rating: 4 E K0 W W 1907: measurements. C8 at 104x. Rich field. Diameter: = 27.6 inches. Separation: = 2.66 miles. Distance (LY): 85 Total luminosity (Suns): G. 361 Rating: 4 E DS Position: G5 yw = W 1897: measurements. C11 at 115x. Diameter: = 22.2 inches. Separation: = 2,323 feet. Distance (LY): 80 Total luminosity (Suns):

28 STF 2317 rej DS 11337; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E 7.69 G8 III dy C W D No C 1.2 = 323 = : measurements. C 1901: measurements. D 1897: measurements. C8 at 206x. The CD pair was elongated. Diameter: = 43.5 inches. Separation: = 39.6 miles; C = 75.2 miles; C = 2.02 miles. Distance (LY): 1,080 Total luminosity (Suns): 110 ur 1326 DS 11356; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E V bw ? C = : measurements. Star is a spectroscopic binary. Star, faint as it is, is still about 1.30 times brighter than the Sun. C 1897: measurements. Hipparcos shows the C star to be at a distance of 176 ligh tyears. lso in the system:

29 a 1918: measurement. PQ 1918: measurement. C8 at 104x. Star was not verified. Rich field. Diameter: = 12.6 inches. Separation: = 6.69 miles; C = 75.7 miles. Distance (LY): 780 Total luminosity (Suns): Kustner 117 HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E W : measurements. C11 at 115x. Diameter: = 9.20 inches. Separation: = 7.45 miles. Distance (LY): 245 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.56 STF 2327 DS 11392; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E 8.30 K0 Y W

30 1830: measurements. C8 at 104x. This pair is the SW vertex of a nice 8.5m triangle. Diameter: = 24.8 inches. Separation: = 7.88 miles. Distance (LY): 259 Total luminosity (Suns): Espin 470 DS 11018; HD Position: Rating: 5 E 9.38 F8 W ? 1907: measurements. C11 at 115x. Diameter: = 16.2 inches. Separation: = 5.78 miles. Distance (LY): 441 Total luminosity (Suns): 3.6 Hough 565 DS 11012; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 E W W?

31 1894: measurements. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 7.77 inches. Separation: = 155 miles. Distance (LY): 990 Total luminosity (Suns): 26 Holmes 10 Position: Rating: 5 E W = 1991 W 1898: 2. 3 measurements. C8 at 104x. It is very faint (more like 11.5 and 12.0), and a 7m star 6 min N is overbearing. Rich field. Espin 471 Soulie 106 (D-F); DS 11040; HD Position: Rating: 5 E W No C W D No E No F No

32 1907: measurements. C 1907: measurements. D, E, F all 1 measurement. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 6.69 inches. Separation: = 14.9 miles; C = 21.0 miles; D = 71.5 miles; E = 149 miles; F = 105 miles. Distance (LY): 520 Total luminosity (Suns): 32 Holmes 11 Position: Rating: 5 E Y? W 1 measurement. C8 at 104x. Hough 434 DS 11393; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 E 7.21 K0 III yw = 1925? 1891: measurements

33 C8 at 83x. Very rich field. Distance (LY): 640 Total luminosity (Suns): 40.3 Moderate STF 2312 DS 11280; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 3 M W = W 1831: measurements. C11 at 339x. Diameter: = 6.41 inches. Separation: = 4.82 miles. Distance (LY): 2,060 Total luminosity (Suns): 155 STF 2309 DS 11267; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 M W W 1830: measurements. C8 at 206x

34 Diameter: = 6.43 inches. Separation: = 3.37 miles. Distance (LY): 600 Total luminosity (Suns): 20 ur 1461 HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 M 8.55 K0 Y ? 1 measurement. C11 at 115x. Diameter: = 25.1 inches. Separation: = 32.6 miles. Distance (LY): 900 Total luminosity (Suns): 24 Hough 564 DS 11003; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 M 6.99 K0 V Y! !! ? C W 1897: measurements. C 1908: measurements. C11 at 115x

35 Diameter: = 2.40 inches. Separation: = 3.91 miles; C = 8.98 miles. Distance (LY): 72 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.67 Hough 426 DS 11031; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 M 6.93 F3 V W ? 1890: measurements. C11 at 115x. Diameter: = 4.80 inches. Separation: = 3.59 miles. Distance (LY): 195 Total luminosity (Suns): 5.07 H V 93 Position: Rating: 5 M W = 1999 W 1880: measurements. The stars share common proper motion. C8 at 280x. Moderate field

36 Difficult STF 2292 DS Position: Rating: 5 D W W 1830: measurements. C8 at 697x. Elongated on a night of poor seeing. Deep Sky Objects Difficult NGC 6632 Other Names: UGC Rating: 5 D Position: Type: Gal Class: S(rs)bc Magnitude: 12.1 Surface brightness: 13.3 Dimensions: 3' x 1.3' P: 155 C8 at 104x. n extremely faint N-S smudge! C11 at 193x. Very faint and small, almost stellar-- a star that won't quite focus. Very much brighter center. Distance (LY): 210,000,000 Total luminosity (Suns): 50,000,000,000 Radial velocity (km/sec): +4,

37 Zone 124, Map 3 Double Stars Easy STF 2352 DS 11511; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 3 E 7.90 K0 O C = 1909? 1830: measurements. C 1881: measurements. C8 at 104x. Star is very difficult. Rich field. Kustner 119 Position: Rating: 3 E 9.85 G5 Y W 1894: measurements. C11 at 115x. This pair lies at the center of a "Y" asterism. Diameter: = 21.5 inches. Separation: = 2.34 miles. Distance (LY): 74 Total luminosity (Suns):

38 STF 2372 os 2546; DS 11593; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 3 E V W = 1997 C 11.40? C = : measurements. Star is a spectroscopic binary. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical. The stars have different proper motions. C 1879: measurements. Van den os doubled in 1958, finding a 7.50m companion at measurements. C8 at 83x. Star C is very difficult. Webb saw them as W and p. C11 at 115x. C is difficult. nice faint triangle lies to the ESE. Diameter: = 11.4 inches. Separation: = 51.9 miles; C = 188 miles. Distance (LY): 1,320 Total luminosity (Suns): 364 Soulie 184 SO Position: Rating: 4 E 9.28 K0 Y W 1893: measurements

39 C11 at 115x. There is a bright chain of stars to the West. Diameter: = 26.2 inches. Separation: = 8.37 miles. Distance (LY): 152 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.49 STF 2349 DS 11504; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E p II W = O? 1830: measurements. Star may be a spectroscopic binary with a period of 4.59 years. It is a member of the Pleiades group and is a mercury-manganese star. These stars (also called manganese stars) are of class and have peculiar spectra where lines of manganese and other exotic elements (such as mercury, gallium, yttrium) are strong. C8 at 104x. Star is very difficult. Webb saw them as bw and?. Diameter: = 48.0 inches. Separation: = 5.92 miles. Distance (LY): 520 Total luminosity (Suns): 151 OSS 172 HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E 7.84 F8 W W

40 1875: measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars (168 and 186 light years); they may be optical. However, the stars show similar proper motion. C8 at 104x. Faint but rich field. STF 2335 DS 11421; SO Position: Rating: 5 E 9.22 F9 V W W C W 1833: measurements. C 1833: measurements. C8 at 104x. Moderate field to the S. Scheiner 567 Position: Rating: 5 E 9.58 F8 W = 1991 W? 1893: measurements. C11 at 115x. Diameter: = 16.4 inches. Separation: = 3.30 miles. Distance (LY): 163 Total luminosity (Suns):

41 Scheiner 573 Position: Rating: 4 M W ? 1991 W 1894: measurements. Quadrant reversal? The stars share common proper motion, although Hipparcos shows different distances (113 and 40 light years). C8 at 104x. 7.7m star 2 min SE is very brutal on the view. Distance (LY): 113 Total luminosity (Suns): Zone 124, Map 4 Double Stars Easy STF 2333 DS 11424; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 3 E IV yg O? C = 1982? 1831: measurements. C 1909: measurements

42 C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 12.0 inches. Separation: = 16.1 miles; C = 402 miles. Distance (LY): 1,560 Total luminosity (Suns): 286 STF 2340 SO Position: Rating: 3 E 9.18 F2 W O C C = 155 = 1909 No 1830: measurements. C 1880: measurements. C8 at 104x. STF 2367 DS 11579; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 3 E 6.79 G5 IV O No C = D ? E = 1909 No

43 1833: 68. Over 100 measurements. The orbital period is 90 years (aize, 1950), with semi-major axis of 0.26" and retrograde motion.. C 1832: 14.1@ measurements. The stars have different proper motions. D 1 measurement. E 1880: measurements. C8 at 104x. Rich field. Diameter: = 9.00 inches. Separation: = 1,267 feet; C = 11.7 miles; D = 18.9 miles; E = 123 miles. Distance (LY): 530 Total luminosity (Suns): STF 2359 rej HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E 9.02 W ? 1904: measurements. C11 at 115x. This is the northern vertex of a small triangle. Diameter: = 8.04 inches. Separation: = 22.9 miles. Distance (LY): 650 Total luminosity (Suns):

44 Hough 437 DS 11566; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E W = 273 = 1904? 1893: measurements. has an 11.2m companion at 345 (1961). C8 at 104x. Very rich field. Diameter: = 7.82 inches. Separation: = 41.0 miles. Distance (LY): 650 Total luminosity (Suns): 42 h1337 DS Position: Rating: 4 E 8.53 K3 V Y R 1901: measurements. The stars share a large common proper motion. C8 at 104x. It lies just S of an E-W line of three 7.5m stars, including Hough

45 STF 2376 DS 11624; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E W = bw C = 1982 W 1830: measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical. However, the stars show similar proper motion. C 1880: measurements. C8 at 104x. Fair view, but C was tough. Diameter: = 6.38 inches; = 6.63 inches. Separation: = 16.9 miles; C = 63.8 miles. Distance (LY): 486 Total luminosity (Suns): 10 h1336 HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 E W ? C ? D ? ll 1 measurement

46 C8 at 206x. Very rich field. Diameter: = 6.38 inches. Separation: = 9.83 miles; C = 18.0 miles; D = 19.3 miles. Distance (LY): 358 Total luminosity (Suns): Moderate Soulie 209 HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 M 8.11 K0 Y ? 1 measurement. C11 at 115x. Diameter: = 24.5 inches. Separation: = 11.2 miles. Distance (LY): 650 Total luminosity (Suns):

47 Difficult STF 2358 DS 11535; SO Position: Rating: 3 D 9.81 F8 W W 1831: measurements. C8 at 280x. It is at the obtuse angle of an isosceles triangle of three 8.5m stars. Diameter: = 16.6 inches. Separation: = 4,488 feet. Distance (LY): 220 Total luminosity (Suns):

48 Zone 124, Map 5 Double Stars eta Lyr Rating: 1 E 10 Lyr; ur 293; Sheliak, "the tortoise shell"; SI 39; DS 11745; HD ; SO Position: e III W = W C No D No E bw F 9.90 W Easy 1835: measurements. C 1878: measurements. D 1898: measurements. E 1872: measurements. F 1827: : measurements. This system is a famous eclipsing variable with a day period. It has two minima (since the two stars are unequal in brightness) 3.8m and 4.3m separated by a maximum of 3.4m in a day period. Only 0.24 U separates the a pair, so mass transfer must occur (at about 10^22 grams per second in a river that flows at 180 miles per second, equal to 10^-5 suns per year!). Eventually, the accumulation of material on the companion may alter its physics to the point where it becomes a nova. In addition, we now know that the secondary is also slinging off a stream of ejecta that forms an expanding spiral pattern. The a stars are both oval-shaped owing to their strong gravitational warping of each other. The dimensions of the larger star may be about 19 solar diameters by 13; for the smaller companion, it is probably about 12 by 9 solar diameters. Star is 10 times the mass of the Sun; star a is 20 solar masses. Note that the brighter star is the less massive; does Mass/Luminosity always hold? Some astronomers think that the luminosity of star a may be reduced because it is surrounded by a (hypothetical) accretion disk. The fact that the primary is also an infra-red source makes this a possibility

49 eta Lyr stars are a fascinating sub-class, also known as W Ser stars. They are always part of a binary system of two massive stars, one of which has aged faster and is a giant that fills its Roche lobe, meaning there is significant mass transfer taking place. This mass flow from the younger star to the older one results in an accretion disk around the old star. The variabilities in this disk lead to variable light output and if the viewing angle is just right (as it is in eta Lyr's case), the disk will give the impression that the older star is brighter than it really is. The outer edge of the accretion disk can hide the "eating" star and make it look larger and cooler than it really is, making it appear to be a giant instead of the Main Sequence star it really is. The stars show similar proper motions. From James Kaler's Star Sheliak derives from an rabic word that refers to the whole constellation, to the celestial harp itself, which in Greek mythology commemorates the harp of Orpheus. It is not one star, but two, a bright bluish hotter one with a temperature of some 13,000 degrees Kelvin orbiting a dimmer white cooler one (though one still much brighter than the Sun) with a temperature closer to 8,000 Kelvin Sheliak eclipses! The plane of the orbit is pitched so that during an orbital period of 12.9 days each star gets in the way of the other, the combined light of the system at minimum alternating between 30% and half of normal every 6.5 days. Sheliak's variations, easily visible to the naked eye by comparing the star to others in the constellation, were discovered in Such eclipsing doubles (the most famous lgol in Perseus) tell astronomers a great deal about stars, helping to determine their masses and diameters. Eclipsers are actually quite common, but again Sheliak is different. The two stars, both quite massive, are very close together. Tidal forces both distort the stars and cause streams of matter to flow from one star to the other and apparently in a disk around the fainter of the two, making the pair both quite difficult and not very well understood. Such "mass transfer" is profoundly important in the lives of double stars and produces some of the more bizarre of celestial phenomena (including Sheliak!). In extreme cases, one star can actually orbit inside the extended envelope of an expanding, dying giant star, gradually bringing the two closer together and setting the stage for later stellar explosions. Others are so close they actually touch at their surfaces. C8 at 65x. Some observers see W and pg; Webb saw them as Y and W. However, there is much disagreement historically on the colors. Rich field. C-11 at 115x. Very nice system!

50 Diameter: = 57.0 inches; = 8.54 inches; a = 36.0 inches. Separation: = 62.4 miles; C = 63.0 miles; D = 109 miles; E = 91.9 miles. Distance (LY): 880 Total luminosity (Suns): 2,000 eta Lyr (SI 39) Observed with C8 on 8/10/99; s7, t7 Magnification: 104x OS 525 Schjellerup 282; DS 11834; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 2 E 6.16 G8 III O! W C ! D = 1910 No

51 1849: measurements. Star is a spectroscopic binary. C 1846: measurements. D 1880: measurements. C8 at 206x. Moderate field. Webb saw them as Y,?, and and called them a "beautiful miniature of eta Cygni." Diameter: = 43.5 inches; = 7.60 inches; C = 7.97 inches. Separation: = 3.55 miles; C = 95.8 miles; D = 403 miles. Distance (LY): 1,340 Total luminosity (Suns): 732 Hussey 936 DS Position: Rating: 3 E 9.66 F8 W W 1904: measurements. C-11 at 634x. Nu 1 Lyr 8 Lyr; DS 11732; HD ; SO 67441; H V 40 Position: Rating: 4 E IV W po C D No CD =

52 1879: measurements. C 1840: measurements. CD 1879: measurements. Star is a eta Lyr type double. C8 at 104x. Moderate field. Diameter: = 16.9 inches. Separation: = 54.9 miles; C = 92.2 miles; CD = 29.0 miles. Distance (LY): 1,010 Total luminosity (Suns): 408 STF 2421 DS 11858; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E Y R 1829: measurements. C8 at 83x. Diameter: = 5.08 inches. Separation: = 81.2 miles. Distance (LY): 2,150 Total luminosity (Suns):

53 Scheiner 575 Position: Rating: 5 E W = O 1893: measurements. C8 at 104x. Very, very rich field. STF 2407 rej SO Position: Rating: 5 E 8.90 K2 Y = 1986 Y 1903: measurements. C8 at 104x. verted vision is a must for this pair, as brilliant eta Lyr (Sheliak) is in the same field. Glorious area! Diameter: = 28.3 inches. Separation: = 15.6 miles. Distance (LY): 340 Total luminosity (Suns):

54 h1349 HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 E 8.22 G0 Y ? 1903: measurements. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 17.1 inches. Separation: = 8.00 miles. Distance (LY): 233 Total luminosity (Suns): 2.3 Espin 2233 DS 11781; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 E W W? 1926: measurements. There are two very faint comes to. C8 at 104x. This star is the SW vertex of a large triangle that dominates the field. Diameter: = 6.37 inches. Separation: = 58.8 miles. Distance (LY): 870 Total luminosity (Suns):

55 Moderate STF 2390 DS 11669; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 3 M V yo = p 1830: measurements. C8 at 104x. It lies at the S end of a five-star 9m chain. C11 at 115x. Nice field to the west. Diameter: = 7.50 inches. Separation: = 5.04 miles. Distance (LY): 770 Total luminosity (Suns): 107 Tarrant 3 DS Position: Rating: 5 M W W C 12.40? C = : measurements. C 1886: measurements. C11 at 193x. It lies 5 min SE of eta Lyr

56 Difficult Nu 2 Lyr Hough 440; DS Position: Rating: 5 D V W : measurements. C8 at 280x + mask. ur 648 DS 11871; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 D 5.39 G0 V W = W C ! ? D No 1878: 313. Over 100 measurements. Period is 61.2 years (von Schrutka, 1939), semi-major axis of 1.26", motion retrograde. C 1912: measurements. D 1912: measurements. C8 at 280x. Diameter: = 3.45 inches. Separation: = 211feet; C = 4.94 miles; D = 6.95 miles. Distance (LY): 49 Total luminosity (Suns):

57 Deep Sky Objects Easy NGC 6720 Rating: 1 E Other Names: Ring Nebula; PK , M57 stronomical Leage Program: Messier Club, Urban Deep Sky Club Position: Type: Pn Class: 4 Magnitude: 8.8 Dimensions: 80" x 60" It was discovered by Darguier in 1779 while observing the Comet of 1779 and wrote that it "is very dull but perfectly outlined; it is as large as Jupiter and resembles a fading Planet." Messier added it to his list on January 31, 1779, thinking it was an unresolved cluster. It is 1 light year in diameter. The central star has a surface temperature of 100,000 o K, but not visible to an 8" scope. The ring is expanding at 12 mps, implying an age of 20,000 years. Presently, over 1,000 planetary nebulae are known to exist in the Milky Way, and possibly as many as 10,000 altogether (many of which will never be seen from Earth). For years, it was thought that planetary nebulae were, by and large, spherical shells of ejected star stuff blown off by an aging star. Recent discoveries, mainly with the Hubble Space Telescope, have lead us to think differently. It is now believed that as a star ages, its fate depends largely on its mass. In the case of sun-like stars, planetary nebulae are often formed. Larger stars undergo mass loss through high-speed stellar winds (one wants to say "starcanes"); even larger stars become supernovae. The planetary nebula phase of a star s evolution only lasts about 25,000 to 50,000 years (out of a lifetime of 5 to 10 billion years), so they should be (and are) rather rare. They are formed by red giants that are burning hydrogen in a shell around a growing nucleus of helium "ash". We now think that due to magnetic fields, this ejected material is blown out in a tube shape. When we happen to lie along the tube s major axis (as we do with M57), we see a ring. If we are off the axis a few degrees, we see double rings (as in the Helix Nebula, NGC 6543, or the "eyes" of the Owl Nebula, M97). If we are perpendicular to the axis, we might see a shape like the ox Nebula or the Dumbbell Nebula

58 C8 at 104x. Wonderful view! greenish oval that takes high power very well. Note the very faint star just off the E edge, and a 12m star to the E. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 187 miles. Distance (LY): 1,500 Luminosity (suns): 50 NGC 6720 (M57, The Ring Nebula) Planetary nebula Observed with C8 on 8/22/99 Magnification: 200x

59 Zone 124, Map 6 Double Stars Easy Hussey 935 DS Position: Rating: 3 E 9.88 F5 W = W 1904: measurements. C11 at 115x. Nice field! Diameter: = 14.5 inches. Separation: = 1,531 feet. Distance (LY): 64 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.05 Scheiner 574 SO Position: Rating: 5 E 9.19 Y O 1 measurement. The Tycho-2 Catalog indicates a single star entry

60 C8 at 104x. There is a line of four 9m stars to the N forming an E-W line. Very, very rich field. Distance (LY): 355 Total luminosity (Suns): 2.14 Scheiner 576 Position: Rating: 5 E yw : measurements. C8 at 104x. The field to the SE is very rich and nice. Distance (LY): 36 Total luminosity (Suns): DS 11789; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 E 8.40 F W = 1981 W? 1893: measurements. has a 13.6m companion at only 107 (1929). C also has a very faint and close (0.5") companion. C8 at 104x. Very rich field

61 Goyal 12 Position: Rating: 5 E W ? 1991 W 1893: measurements. Quadrant reversal? This system may be optical as Hipparcos shows different distances (43 and 25 light years). C11 at 115x. 9m right triangle lies about 5 min E. Moderate STF 2397 DS 11685; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 3 M 7.22 G8 III yo = : 24 measurements. C8 at 104x. C11 at 115x. Split suspected at 115x and confirmed at 334x. Nice color contrast. Webb saw them as Y and. Very rich field. Diameter: = 43.5 inches. Separation: = 5.00 miles. Distance (LY): 820 Total luminosity (Suns):

62 arton 261 Position: Rating: 5 M W ! W? 1900: measurements. C11 at 115x. This pair forms the southern corner of a small trapezoid. Distance (LY): 33 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.01 Deep Sky Objects Difficult NGC 6700 Other Names: UGC Rating: 5 D Position: Type: Gal Class: S(rs)c Magnitude: 13.1 Surface brightness: 13.4 Dimensions: 1.4' x 1' P: 115 This galaxy produced supernova 2002cw (type Ib). C11 at 98x. Sharp, nearly stellar nucleus and a very small and faint halo. Radial velocity (km/sec): +4,

63 Zone 124, Map 7 Double Stars Easy Kustner 118 SO Position: Rating: 3 E 9.27 F5 Y ? 1991 F8 Y 1900: measurements. Quadrant reversal? The stars show a similar, but small, proper motion. May be optical because Hipparcos gives different distances (1,230 and 320 light years). C8 at 104x. Two 8m stars lie to the SW. STF 2328 DS 11397; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 3 E W W 1830: measurements. C8 at 206x. Very rich field. C-11 at 115x. Cleanly split and amidst a beautiful asterism, similar to a reversed "lambda."

64 Diameter: = 7.45 inches. Separation: = 14.4 miles. Distance (LY): 2,500 Total luminosity (Suns): 195 STF 2371 DS 11592; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 3 E bw W 1829: measurements. The stars have different proper motions. C8 at 104x. It is a nicely split pair, but overpowered by a 9m star NNW. It is part of a neat little pentagram similar in shape to a baseball "home plate." Moderate field. Diameter: = 6.74 inches. Separation: = 4.08 miles. Distance (LY): 270 Total luminosity (Suns): 1.4 STF 2374 HD ; SO Position: Rating: 3 E 9.64 F2 W bw C = 1982 W 1830: measurements. C 1875: measurements

65 C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 12.8 inches. Separation: = 5.27 miles; C = 57.9 miles. Distance (LY): 245 Total luminosity (Suns): 2.1 h1347 SO Position: Rating: 3 E 8.99 G0 V Y W C ! W 1873: measurements. The stars share common proper motion even though Hipparcos gives different distances (129 and 92 light years). C 1873: measurements. Similar proper motion. C8 at 104x. 9.5m bw star is 20" away in pa 270. It forms a nice triangle. Webb called it a "pretty object." STF 2430 DS 11914; SO Position: Rating: 3 E 9.07 G0 W O? 1830: measurements. C8 at 280x. Notched

66 C11 at 115x. Duplicity was suspected due to a peanut shape of the star. t 339x, the split was wonderful and easily held. Soulie 361 HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E 8.55 G8 III Y! = 1991 W? 1895: 9. 5 measurements. C11 at 115x. Diameter: = 43.5 inches. Separation: = 51.9 miles. Distance (LY): 1,590 Total luminosity (Suns): 86 h1333 DS Position: Rating: 4 E 9.98 F5 W W 1875: measurements. C11 at 193x

67 STF 2381 DS 11657; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 4 E 8.05 G8 III yo W 1830: measurements. C8 at 104x. Rich field. Diameter: = 43.5 inches. Separation: = 14.2 miles. Distance (LY): 1,080 Total luminosity (Suns): 107 pm 184 Position: Rating: 5 E W W C W 1897: measurements. C 1 measurement. C11 at 115x. Very loose trio

68 Milburn 466 SO Position: Rating: 5 E W C No D No E No 1926: measurements. C, D and E 1 measurement. C8 at 104x. STF 2418 rej DS 11841; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 E 7.97 G8 III Y ? 1897: 7. 7 measurements. C8 at 104x. Moderate field. Diameter: = 43.5 inches. Separation: = 50.3 miles. Distance (LY): 2,000 Total luminosity (Suns):

69 . G. 367 Rating: 5 E DS Position: K0 O Y 1903: measurements. C11 at 115x. Moderate h1352 DS 11741; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 3 M III W = : measurements. C8 at 83x. Very rich field. Diameter: = 18.0 inches. Separation: = 23.2 miles. Distance (LY): 1,270 Total luminosity (Suns):

70 STF 2419 DS 11847; SO Position: Rating: 3 M 8.47 F2 W W 1831: measurements. C8 at 206x. Diameter: = 12.0 inches. Separation: = 2.39 miles. Distance (LY): 466 Total luminosity (Suns): 11 Giacobini 33 Position: Rating: 5 M Y bw? 1 measurement. C11 at 115x

71 STF 2406 DS 11733; HD ; SO Position: Rating: 5 M V W ? 1830: measurements. C8 at 206x. Diameter: = 8.40 inches. Separation: = 2.66 miles. Distance (LY): 417 Total luminosity (Suns): 21 Difficult STF 2356 DS Position: Rating: 5 D 8.18 F0 W = W 1831: measurements. C8 at 697x. I got a figure 8 on a night of poor seeing

72 Deep Sky Objects Moderate NGC 6697 Other Names: UGC Rating: 4 M Position: Type: Gal Class: E Magnitude: 12.7 Surface brightness: 12.7 Dimensions: 1.2' x 1' C8 at 206x. bright center, but a featureless galaxy. Radial velocity (km/sec): +4,683 Difficult NGC 6710 Other Names: UGC Rating: 5 D Position: Type: Gal Class: S0+? Magnitude: 13.1 Surface brightness: 13.1 Dimensions: 1.6' x 0.9' P: 40 C8 at 104x. It is an extremely faint galaxy, but it does have a sharp, bright center (almost star-like). Radial velocity (km/sec): +4,

73 Zone 124 Mini-Catalog Double Stars Designation Position Rating Map Component Mag Separation P 100 Her E 2 C eta Lyr E 5 OS E 5 STF E 2 STF E 7 Kustner E 7 STF E 4 STF E 4 STF E 3 STF E 4 STF E 7 STF E 3 Kustner E 3 STF E 7 Hussey E 6 C D E C D C C C C C D E C C C ! = = = 150 = ? = = = = 65 =

74 Designation Position Rating Map Component Mag Separation P h E 7 C ! ! Hussey E STF E 7 STF E 2 STF E 2 all E 1 STF E 1. G E 2 h E 1 h E 2. G E 2 STF 2317 rej E 2 ur E 2 Kustner E 2 STF E 2 Soulie E 3 STF E 3 Soulie E 7 h E 7 STF 2359 rej E 4 Hough E 4 h E 4 STF E 4 C C C D C C C ! = = = = = =? = = =

75 Designation Position Rating Map Component Mag Separation P OSS E STF E Nu 1 Lyr E 5 C D CD = STF E Kustner E Hough E Espin E Holmes E 2 Espin E 2 99 Her E 1 h E 1 Espin E 1 STF E 1 Holmes E 2 Hough E 2 STF E 3 pm E 7 Scheiner E 3 C D E F C D E F G C C ! = ! = = =

76 Designation Position Rating Map Component Mag Separation P Milburn E 7 C D E h E 4 Scheiner E 6 Scheiner E 5 STF 2407 rej E 5 h E 5 Espin E E 6 Scheiner E 6 STF 2418 rej E 7. G E 7 Goyal E 6 STF M 2 STF M 5 STF M 6 h M 7 STF M 7 STF M 2 h M 1 Scheiner M 3 ur M 2 Hough M 2 Hough M 2 H V M 2 C D C = = 4.2 = = !! = = ? = ? =

77 Designation Position Rating Map Component Mag Separation P Fox M Giacobini M Soulie M arton M ! 20 + STF M Tarrant M 5 C C: C: 237 = STF D STF D STF D = Nu 2 Lyr D 5 ur D 5 C D = ! ! Deep Sky Objects Specifications Surface Object Position Rating Map Type Mag r Population NGC E 5 Pn (4) 8.8 Dolidze- Dzimselejsvili E 1 OC (III 2 p) 15 NGC M 7 Gal (E) NGC D 2 Gal (S(rs)bc) NGC D 6 Gal (Sc) NGC D 7 Gal (S0+?)