The coinage of the Rasna : a study in Etruscan numismatics. Part II

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1 The coinage of the Rasna : a study in Etruscan numismatics. Part II Autor(en): Objekttyp: Vecchi, Italo Article Zeitschrift: Schweizerische numismatische Rundschau = Revue suisse de numismatique = Rivista svizzera di numismatica Band (Jahr): 69 (990) PDF erstellt am: Persistenter Link: Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 0, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz,

2 ITALO VECCHI THE COINAGE OF THE RASNA A STUDY IN ETRUSCAN NUMISMATICS Plates -7 Part II Populonia's didenarii Populonia's «didenarii» or Attic weight staters are known with the marks of value 0 and 20. It is clear that between the first and second series a reduction in the weight of the coined bronze as compared to that of the silver must have taken place. Since the Gorgoneion types of 0 and 20 have traditionally been dated to the 5th and 4th centuries it was thought that they reflected the monetary system of Syracuse which had a complex bronze coinage and issued staters of Attic weight to the value of 0 litrai (about 8.6 g). In Italy on the other hand, the Italic nomos standard prevailed with a weight standard of about 8 g. The Populonia stater of the value of 0 units from the Prestino find has led to a very early date for this type as archaeologically reported.2 The large Populonia Hoard3 contained 523 staters of the value of 20 together with a Populonia sextans4 of the sextantal weight standard, dating the hoard to after about 22. Apart from the scanty hoard evidence the fact that the staters with value mark 20 are subdivided by coins with value marks for 5, 2 '/? and points strongly to their being parallel to the Roman Republic's denarius system, introduced in about 22/2 during the emergency created by Hannibal's invasion. From this point of view it is not an untenable conclusion to suppose that the staters with value mark 0 are in fact the silver equivalents of bronze asses of the triental as period about Until conclusive hoard evidence indicates differently, it would seem that by about 25 Populonia had abandoned the scruple standard coinage5 and conformed to the Attic weight standard but continued to mark the value of its silver coinage in terms of the bronze asses of central Italy and Rome at the prevailing rate of exchange. Owing to the high expenses incurred during the Second Punic War (28 20), Rome, and thereafter all central Italy, resorted to several devaluations in the real worth of the This is the second part of the publication started in SNR 67, 988, It covers the silver coinage of Populonia from about 25 B.C. to the end of the third century. 2 See Part I, note See Part I, notes 66 and Sambon 7. 5 See Part I, Etruscheria, attributions and dating,

3 bronze coinage, finally by about 2 producing a 0 sextantal as silver piece of Attic weight standard, the denarius of about 4 scruples.6 While the actual weights of the coins vary because of metal corrosion, wear and poor striking, the largest number of Gorgoneion staters are to be found within the 8 to 8.5 g range.7 This roughly conforms with the weight structure of Rome's denarius system. The carelessness of striking and the poverty of reverse types would suggest a coinage produced in wartime haste. Inscriptions appear on several dies in different styles, the most remarkable being the Athena head of 20 asses (no. 8), MI PVPLVNA LES which may imply the coin was struck in consequence of a law or decree (LEX).8 The order of the issues in this catalogue is not necessarily the order in which they were struck. Due to lack of many reverse die types and die linkage it is very difficult to establish a chronological order. Bibliography Garrucci L. Garrucci, Le monete dell'italia antica (Rome 885) Petrillo Serafin P. Petrillo Serafin, Nota in margine al «tesoro» di monete antiche rinvenuto a Populonia, AIIN 23-24, 977, Sambon A. Sambon, Les monnaies antiques de l'italie (Paris 903) Strozzi Auction Sangiorgi, 5 avril 907 (coll. Strozzi) Venturi Ginori Auction Santamaria 937 (coli. Venturi Ginori) 6 See Part I, Metrology, For a weight study of Populonia's staters see P. Petrillo Serafin, Le serie monetarie di Populonia, Atti Napoli, See Pallottino TLE (Florence 968) 58, 358, suggesting the same meaning as the Greek vouoç.

4 CATALOGUE POPULONIA (Pupluna) Situer, c asses Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with diadem; below, X between two dolphins. Border of dots. 8.8 Kircheriano Garrucci pl. 72, 2* 8.0 Leu 42, 988, 33 de Nanteuil 30 Naville, 92 (Pozzi), = Venturi Ginori 38 Egger 904 (Prowe), Vatican (inv. 3) Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with diadem; below, X. Border of dots * Boston, Brett 2 Warren 906, 4 Hess-Leu 3, 966, 3 Santamaria 95 (Signorelli), 3 Hirsch 34, 94, 5 Leu 50, 990, 23 London, BMC p. 6, 30 Sambon 35 New York, ANS, SNG 76 Oxford, Ashmolean, SNG 7 Private coll. Ratto 926, 95 Ratto 927, 96 Ratto, listino 2, 939, 66 listino 0, 933, 73 Sambon 903 (Maddalena), 28 Sambon 35 Sternberg 5, 985, 64 Strozzi 549 Strozzi 550 Volterra, Museo Arch. Obv. and Rev. similar to no * 7.9 Berlin (inv. 8295) Milan (inv. 709) Private coll. Exhibition Antikenmuseum Basel 7 Santamaria 95 (Signorelli), 3

5 Private coll Ratto, listino 0, 933, 72 Ratto 926, 92 6 Ratto, listino 2, 939, 67 (text)/ 69 (piate) Baranowsky 93, 99 4 Obv. and Rev. similar to nos Hirsch 34, 94, 6 Hirsch 30, 9, 5 Strozzi 55 2 Milan, Musei Civici (inv. C 79) 3* 8.9 Winterthur 8 5 Obv. and Rev. similar to nos * 6.92 Berlin (Fox) 6 Obv. and Rev. similar to nos * 4.46 Milan, Musei Civici (inv. B 457) 7 Obv. and Rev. similar to nos Florence, Museo Arch. (inv. 464) 2* 8. London, BM (inv ) Paris, de Luynes, 3 Sambon Ratto 926, Venturi Ginori 3 8 Obv. and Rev. similar to nos Berlin (inv. 444) Cambridge, McClean, Hirsch 3, 905 (Rhousopoulos), 0 4* 7.98 London, Lloyd, SNG Ratto 926, 96 5 asses 9 Obv. Gorgoneion; below, A. Border of dots. * 4.5 Berlin (inv. 890/878) Sambon 38 8

6 0 Obv. Similar to no. 9. * 3.95 Florence, Museo Arch. (inv. 4, Mazzolini coll.) 2'/2 asses Obv. Gorgoneion; below, IK. Border of dots..9 Cambridge, McClean, 24 Strozzi Florence, Museo Arch. 3* 2.07 London, BMC p. 396, Private coll Ratto 926, 94 Ratto 92, 77 2 Obv. and Rev. similar to no.. *.80 Berlin (inv. 89/878) Sambon 39 The weight standard is based on a silver as of about 0.86 g corresponding to a bronze triental as of theoretically about 08 g, struck during the post-semilibral period c Silver, after 2 20 asses 3 Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with diadem; below XIX. Border of dots. Rev. 4^ 8.3 Brussels, de Hirsch, Cahn 7, 93, Cambridge, McClean, Canessa 922, Copenhagen, SNG Glendining, 5 Oct. 987, Hess, Frankfurt, 926, Hess-Leu 959, 9* 8.00 Hess-Leu 28, 965, 2 Hirsch 30, 9, 4

7 Hirsch 34, 94, 8 Hirsch 30, 9, 5 Hirsch 34, 94, 9 London, BMC 8 Leu 2, 972, München, SNG Hirsch 2, 908, 7 Naville, 92 (Pozzi), 39 Naville 4, 922 (Grandduc Alexandre Michailovitch), 7 New York, ANS, SNG 79 Numismatic Fine Arts, 982, 5 Oxford, Ashmolean, SNG 4 Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin, Private coli. Ratto 926, 05 Ratto, listino, 949, 86 Rauch 27, 98, 3 Rauch 28, 982, 9 Sternberg 976, 4 Sternberg 0, Sternberg 2, 982, 26 4 Obv. Same die as no. 3. Rev. Star with six rays; around, crescent and fl MVJ'IV'I * 7.38 London, BM (inv ) 5 Obv. Similar to no. 3. Rev. Similar to no * Berlin (inv. 598/908) Cahn 7, 93, 3 (rev. plain) Horence, Museo Arch. (inv. 35) Florence, Museo Arch. (inv. 4) Milan (inv. 458) Oxford, Ashmolean, SNG 3 (rev. plain) Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin 492 Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Obv. Similar to nos Rev. Similar to nos * 4.85 Naville 5, 923, 08 (die break) 0

8 7 Obv. Similar to nos Rev. Similar to nos * 4.70 London, BM (inv ) London, BM (inv ) } all very worn London, BM (inv ) 8 Obv. Similar to nos Rev. Similar to nos * Turin, Museo Civico (inv. 50) 9 Obv. Similar to nos. 3-8 Rev. Similar to nos. 4 8 * 6.25 Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with diadem; below, X X Border of dots. Rev. Trident and crescent; around, fl M rt V^ V/- XJ X- Border of dots * Berlin (inv. 32/9) Brussels, de Hirsch, 3 Horence (inv. 470, ex Sovana hoard) Hirsch 30, 9, 2 Hirsch 30, 9, 22 London, Lloyd, SNG 6 Hirsch 30, 9, 20 Garrucci pl. 25, (ex Sovana hoard) 5.35 London, Lloyd, SNG 7 Naville 0, 925,4 Sotheby 92,6 Egger 45, 93, 23 Hirsch 30, 9, 22 Garrucci coll. London, BM (inv ) New York, ANS, SNG 87 New York, ANS SNG 88 Strozzi 568 Paris, Delepierre, SNG 02 Santamaria 95 (Signorelli), 0 Sternberg 5, 985, 68 2 Obv. Similar to no. 20. Rev. Crescent and star; around, flufl^vm XîX. * 7.60 London, BM NC 959, 23, no. 3 Hess-Leu 958, 2 Venturi Ginori 6.

9 22 Obv. Same die as no. 2. * 8.06 Private coll. 23 Obv. Same die as nos Rev. Sepia. * 7.95 Boston, MFA (inv ) 24 Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with diadem; below, X X Border of dots. Rev. Sepia. * 8.23 London, BMC p. 2, Naville 5, 923, New York, ANS, SNG New York, ANS, SNG Obv. Similar to no. 24. Rev. Sepia. 8.2 Berlin (inv. -B 900) Brussels, de Hirsch, 3 Florence (inv. 2556) Hess-Leu 36, 968, 4 de Nanteuil 32 Hirsch 30, 9, 9 Garrucci pl. 25, 4 (ex Sovana hoard) Hirsch 30, 9, Lockett, SNG 4 Naville 6, 924 (Bernent I), 2 Hirsch 30, 9, London, BMC no Paris, de Luynes, 4 9* 7.78 Private coll. Exhibition Antikenmuseum Basel 0 Jameson III 852 Hirsch 30, 9, 7 Garrucci 3 (ex Sovana hoard) Santamaria 96, 3 26 Obv. Same die as no. 25. Rev. Two sepie; in field, X. * 8.0 Berlin (Fox) Sambon 56 2

10 27 Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with diadem; below, XIX. Border of dots. Rev. Sepia * Berlin (Fox) Berlin (Löbbecke) Leu 28, 98, 2 London, BM (inv ) MM AG 53, 977, Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Ratto 934, 5 Sternberg 5, 985, 66 Sternberg 9, 987, 5 Weber Coll Obv. Same die as no. 27. Rev. Club Brussels, de Hirsch, Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin 380, , 439, 442, and 446 8* 8.00 Private coll. 9 Turin, Museo Civico (inv. 42) 29 Obv. Same die as nos Indiana University Art Museum (Burton Y. Berry coll.) 2* 7.89 Paris, Delepierre, SNG Ratto 934, 5 30 Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with diadem; below, XOX Border of dots. Rev. Traces of sepia * Cahn 80, 933, 8 Cambridge, Fitzwilliam, SNG 6 Cambridge, McClean, 30 Strozzi 563 Canessa 922, 2 Hess-Leu 28, 965, Hirsch 30, 9,9 Hirsch 9, 958, 4 Leiden, Royal Coin Cabinet (inv. 5) Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Ratto 926, 08 Santamaria 95 (Signorelli), 7 3

11 3 Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with diadem; below, X X. Border of dots. Rev. Two caducei, opposed * Berlin (Löbbecke) Crippa, listino 97, 233 Florence (inv. 5529) Glendining 955 (Nobleman), 68 Glendining 986 (Knoepke), 9 Hess-Leu 45, 970, Hess-Leu 957, 8 Hirsch 30, 9, 6 Hirsch 9, 958, 5 Kunst und Münzen 24, 984, London, BM NC 955, p. 3 London, BM (inv ) London, Lloyd, SNG 4 New York, ANS, SNG 8 New York, ANS, SNG 82 Numismatic Fine Arts, Mail bid sale 960, 4 (rev. plain) Oxford, Ashmolean, SNG Paris, BN Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin 4-37 Sternberg 8, 986, Sternberg 9, 987, 6 Venturi Ginori 5 32 Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with diadem; below, X X. Border of dots. Rev. Cross-like lines * Berlin (inv /2) Berlin (inv. 27/907) Cambridge, Fitzwilliam, SNG 63 Dewing 75 Egger 4, 92, 57 Florence, Museo Arch. (inv. 57) ex Populonia hoard Serafin 3 Florence, Museo Arch. (inv. 468) Hirsch 2, 908, 70 Jameson 85 Sir Hermann Weber 63 London, BMC no. 6 Milan, Musei Civici (inv. 455) Ratto 926, 0 Ratto listino 0, 933, 77 Ratto 926, 2 Ratto listino 0, 933, 75 Petrillo 4

12 33 Obv. Same die as no. 32. Rev. Same die as no. 32. * 8.08 Berlin 9 (inv. 4900) 34 Obv. Gorgoneion of curious style, hair bound with diadem; below, X X. Rev. Similar to no. 32. * 7.99 Leiden, Royal Coin Cabinet (inv. 6) 35 Obv. Similar to no. 32, but diadem adorned with arches. Rev. Similar to no Cambridge, Mc Clean, 28 Strozzi Florence, Museo Arch. (inv. 48) ex Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Hirsch 30, 9, 3 4* 8.3 Leiden, Royal Coin Cabinet (van Rede 4230) Naville-Ars Classica 2, 926, 58 Hirsch 34, 94, 7 Hirsch 30, 9, 36 Obv. Similar to no. 32 but of crude style. Rev. Similar to no. 32. * 7.77 Auctiones 6, 976, 4 37 Obv. Similar to no. 32 but of crude style. Rev. Similar to no. 32. * 8.80 Paris, de Luynes, 5 Sambon 5 38 Obv. Similar to no. 35. Rev. Similar to no. 32. * 7.79 Private coll. 39 Obv. Similar to no. 35. Rev. Similar to no. 32. * 6.95 London, Lloyd, SNG 5 Ratto 926, 09 5

13 40 Obv. Similar to no. 38 but with simple diadem. Rev. Similar to nos * 7.96 Hess-Leu 962, 4 4 Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with diadem; below, X X Border of dots. * Florence, Museo Arch. (inv. 553) 42 Obv. Similar to no. 4. * 7.67 Ratto 934, 4 43 Obv. Similar to nos * 8.08 Jameson 24 Strozzi Obv. Similar to nos Vatican Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin (ill. 4) 45 Obv. Similar to nos * 8.23 Oxford, Ashmolean, SNG 2 46 Obv. Gorgoneion, haird bound with diadem; below OX«!«XO. Rev Berlin 5 (inv /) Sambon 903 (Maddalena), 3 3 Florence, Museo Arch. (inv. 553) 4 Florence, Museo Arch. (inv. 5534) 5 Horence, Museo Arch. 6 Horence, Museo Arch. 6

14 7* 8.20 London, Lloyd, SNG 3 Naville 6, 924 (Bernent I), London, BM (inv ) 9 Venturi Ginori 4 47 Obv. Similar to no Berlin (inv. -B 900) Oxford, Ashmolean, SNG 6 Glendining 955 (Nobleman), Paris, Delepierre, SNG Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Ratto, listino 949, 87 0* 8.99 Sternberg 5, 985, Obv. Similar to nos * Private coll. 49 Obv. Similar to nos but below, OX I : IXO * Aes Rude, Lugano 979, 8 Ars Classica 3, 928, 4 Hirsch 30, 9, 6 Florence, Museo Arch. (inv. 5534) Hirsch 5, 906, 30 London, BMC9 Milan, Musei Civici (inv. 456) Naville 0, 925, 3 New York, ANS, SNG 83 New York, ANS, SNG 84 Sotheby 8 May 96, 270 Hirsch 5, 906, 30 Paris, de Luynes, 2 Private coll. Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Ratto 929, 4 Ratto 926, 04 Santamaria 949 (Magnaguti I), 6 Santamaria 95 (Signorelli), 5 Tübingen, SNG 208 7

15 50 Obv. Similar to nos but below, OX : XO. * 6.54 Private coll. 5 Obv. Similar to nos but below, X X Lockett, SNG Naville 6, 924 (Bernent I), Paris, Delepierre, SNG Paris, Delepierre, SNG Private coll. 6* 8.60 Private coll Vinchon Monte Carlo, Dec. 975, 52 Obv. Similar to nos but below, X X * 7.96 New York, ANS, SNG Ratto 926, 07 3 Strozzi Obv. Similar to no Berlin (inv). 887) Berlin (inv. 28/907) Garrett III, 985, 6 4 Kricheldorf 29, 975, Leu 2, 972, Leu 33, 983, London, Lloyd, SNG Munich, SNG 9* 8.34 New York, ANS, SNG Naville 4 (Grandduc Alexandre Michailovitch), 922, Norman Davis coll. 2 Strozzi 569 8

16 54 Obv. Similar to no. 53. Rev. Traces of crossed fines. * 8.4 Kricheldorf 8, 960, Private coll Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with ornate diadem; below, X Border of dots * Boston, Brett Brussels, de Hirsch, 0 Budapest, National Museum Cahn 80, 933, 9 Horence, Museo Arch. (inv. 28) Glendining 986 (Knoepke), 8 Hess-Leu 960, 24 Leu 7, 973, 4 Leu 38, 986, 2 de Nanteuil 3 Bourgey 909 (Bougerol), Naville 5, 923, 05 Numismatica Ars Classica, 989, 4 Oxford, Ashmolean, SNG 5 Paris, Delepierre, SNG 05 Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin 450 Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin 45 Private coll. Santamaria 96, 4 Sternberg 20, 988, 7 56 Obv. Similar to nos. 55 (die break often evident) * Aes Rude, Lugano 98, 2 Auctiones 8, 978, 7 Berlin 3 (Imhoof Blumer) Budapest, National Museum Cahn 68, 930, 882 Horence, Museo Arch. (inv. 553) Glendining 955 (Nobleman), 67 Glendining, December 963, 5 Hess, April 936, 240 Numismatic Fine Arts 4, 977, 4 9

17 8.33 Numismatic Fine Arts 8, 980, Numismatica Ars Classica, 989, Populonia hoard Petrillo Ser.afin Private coll Santamaria 95 (Signorelli), Sotheby, May 974, Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with ornate diadem; below, X X. Border of dots. * 8.48 Cambridge, Fitzwilliam, SNG Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin 5 58 Obv. Similar to no. 57. * 7.2 Leiden, Royal Coin Cabinet (inv. 7) 59 Obv. Similar to nos * 8.34 Athena, 987, Crippa, listino 965, Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Obv. Similar to nos Rev. Plain with rough surface Ratto, listino 0, 933, 76 Ratto 926, 3 2* 5.04 Ratto, listino 0, 933, 78 Ratto 926, 6 Obv. Similar to nos Rev. Plain 8.33 Hess-Leu 962, Numismatica Ars Classica, 989, Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin * 9.08 Private coll. Exhibition Antikenmuseum Basel Ratto 934, Sternberg 5, 985, 65 20

18 62 Obv. Gorgoneion of crude style; below, X X. Border of dots. * 5.3 Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin 3 63 Obv. Similar to no. 62. * 5.30 Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Obv. Gorgoneion of crude style. * 6.25 Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin 6 65 Obv. Gorgoneion of very primitive style. * 3.4 Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin 66 Obv. Gorgoneion ofcurious style, hair bound with diadem; on either side ofneck, X * 7.85 Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin 2 2 Turin, Museo Civico (inv. 37) 67 Obv. Gorgoneion with curly hair and diadem over head; below, X««X. Border of dots. Horence, Museo Arch. (inv. 5532) Numismatica Ars Classica, 989, Paris, Delepierre, SNG 0 4* 7.49 Private coll Ratto, listino 949, Sternberg 5, 985, 69 2

19 68 Obv. Similar to no London, BM (inv ) 2* 7.63 Numismatica Ars Classica 2, 990, 6 3 Private coll. 69 Obv. Similar to nos * 7.58 Private coll. 0 asses 70 Obv. Gorgoneion. Border of dots. * 3.4 Private coll. 7 Obv. Gorgoneion, hair bound with diadem. Border of dots. * 3.75 Ratto 926, 93 5 asses 72 Obv. Gorgoneion; below, A. Border of dots. Rev. Trident. *.82 Strozzi Horence, Museo Arch. (inv. 5528) 73 Obv. and Rev. similar to no. 72 * 2.04 Private coll. 22

20 Silver 74 Obv. Gorgoneion within small incuse circle. *.44 Cambridge, McClean, 25 Perhaps overstruck on a very worn 20 asses of the type Gorgoneion/Sepia. 20 asses 75 Obv. Youthful head of Herakles, full-face, wearing lion skin; on either side of neck, X. Border of dots * Auctiones 7, 977, 4 Berlin (v. Rauch) Berlin (Löbbecke) Cambridge, McClean, 32 Strozzi 579 Dewing coll. 76 Horence, Museo Arch. (inv. 5535) Horence, Museo Arch. Glendining 955 (Nobleman), 69 Hess-Leu 3, 966, 4 Hirsch 34, 94, 0 Hirsch 30, 9, 23 London, BMC 3 London, BM (inv ) Milan, Musei Civici (inv. 43) Munich, SNG 2 MM AG 3, 954, 979 MM AG 37, 968, New York, ANS, SNG 89 New York, ANS, SNG 90 Niggeler I, 2 Santamaria 95 (Signorelh), 3 Norman Davis coll. 2 Numismatica Ars Classica, 989, 8 Oxford, Ashmolean, SNG 9 Private coll. Exhibition Antikenmuseum Basel 2 Private coll. Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Ratto, listino, 949, 89 Santamaria 949 (Magnaguti I), 7 Schweiz. Kreditanstalt Bern 3, 985, 3 Sternberg 5, 985, 70 Strozzi 578 Venturi Ginori 7 23

21 76 Obv. Similar to no. 73 but head slighdy turned to. 8.5 Milan, Musei Civici (inv. 452) 2* 8.0 Santamaria 96, 5 77 Obv. Same die as no. 76. Rev. Club 8.60 Cahn 80, 933, 20 2 Horence, Museo Arch. (inv ) 3* 8.46 London, BMC Naville, 92 (Pozzi), Oxford, Ashmolean, SNG Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Populonia haord Petrillo Serafin Populonia hoard Petrillo Serafin Private cou Ratto, fistino, 949, 90 2 Rauch 27, 98, Santamaria 949 (Magnaguti I), Santamaria 95 (Signorelli), Sotheby, May 974, Venturi Ginori 8 78 Obv. Similar to nos Rev. Club. * 7.2 London, BMC 2 Sambon asses 79 Obv. Head of Athena nearly facing, slighdy turned to., wearing earring necklace and three-crested helmet; on either side of neck, X Border of dots. Rev. Star of four rays and crescent; around, flmw'ivi»*« Berlin (inv. 3/907) Brussels, de Hirsch, 5 Cambridge, McClean, 33 Hess-Leu 24, 964, 3 BMC p. 396, 24

22 Hirsch 30, 9, 25 6* 7.89 London, Lloyd, SNG 8 Hirsch 30, 9, Paris, BN Private coll. Exhibition Antikenmuseum Basel Private coll Ratto 92, Ratto 926, Sternberg 5, 985, 7 80 Obv. Similar to no. 79. Rev. Same die as no. 79. * 8.83 Sotheby, May 974, Obv. Similar to nos (very worn die). Rev. Cluster of seven pellets and crescent; around, :m I :WMrVNfl: \res- * 7.33 New York, ANS, SNG 9 Strozzi Rome, Museo della Propaganda Sotheby 983 (Brand III), 4 Hirsch 33, 93 (von Schennis), 3 Garrucci pl. 25, 9 Sambon 67 (ex Sovana hoard) 20 asses 82 Obv. Bearded head offufluns facing, slightly to right, wearing ivy wreath; above, on either side of the head, X. Border of dots. Rev. Traces of thunderbolt, sea-horse and other unidentifiable symbols. 7.5 Numismatica Ars Classica 2, 990, 7 (purchased in 922 at Populonia) That Populonia should issue a coin depicting Fufluns (the Latin Bacchus) is not surprising since its very name derives from this deity in the form ofpupluna or Fufluna «the city of Fufluns». Owing to her mineral wealth, Populonia was able to contribute to Scipio's war effort in 205 B.C. For more information on Populonia and Fufluns see Cristofani; Dizionario della civiltà etnisca9, for the Etruscan ethymology Bonfante, Lingua e cultura degli Etruschi0. Italo Vecchi 9 Part I, p. 44, note 4, 8-9 and Niederdorfstrasse 43 0 Part I, p. 59, note 76, Zürich 25

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24 PLATE «*B /2 2/4 3/3 4/3 5/ 6/ 7/2 8/4 9/ 0/ /3 2/ Italo Vecchi, The coinage of the Rasna, part II

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36 PLATE 7»Ctó *tm,> 75/2 76/2 77/3 78/ CÉI MtSfil tv 79/6 80/ 8/ 82/ Italo Vecchi, The coinage of the Rasna, part II

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