Intellectual Honesty in Research Don Hartill Advance Laboratory Lecture 10/29/2012

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1 1 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012 Intellectual Honesty in Research Don Hartill Advance Laboratory Lecture 10/29/2012

2 2 Outline What do you think constitutes a breach of ethics in research? A few famous examples It can be prosecuted Conclusions Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012

3 3 Breach of Ethics in Research Knowingly falsifying data to mislead the scientific world Plagiarism Omitting mention of other contributors to the research Selecting data that agrees with your theory Ignoring data points that look "bad" on the graph Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012

4 4 A few famous examples Jan Hendrik Schön (born 1970 in Verden) is a German physicist who briefly rose to prominence after a series of apparent breakthroughs that were later discovered to be fraudulent. [1] Before he was exposed (by Paul McEuen and David Muller among others), Schön had received the Otto-Klung-Weberbank Prize for Physics in 2001, the Braunschweig Prize in 2001 and the Outstanding Young Investigator Award of the Materials Research Society in 2002, which were all later rescinded. (From Wikipedia mostly) Fleischmann & Pons - Cold Fusion (late 1980's) Woo-Suk Hwang Korean researcher in therapeutic cloning (2005) Rusi Taleyarkhan - Bubble Fusion (2006) Jan 15, A Massachusetts anesthesiologist accused of fabricating data in studies of pain drugs will plead guilty to federal criminal charges under an... Doctor in Japan admits to falsifying stem cell research Oct Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012

5 5 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012 The Perfect Storm The Rise and Fall of Hendrik Schon Personal observations on: What happened What went wrong What we can do about it Paul McEuen David Muller

6 6 Two Nanotechnologies Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012

7 7 Nano Carbon Strongest mat l in world Higher mobility than Si Truly molecular scale Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012

8 Nature 413, 713 (2001). Following Slides courtesy of David Muller Gate Modulation ~ 10 5 P-Channel g ~ 10 ma/v

9 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, A Single-Molecule Transistor Bell Labs scientists usher in new era of molecular-scale electronics FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 17, 2001 Tiny organic transistors may lead to less expensive and more powerful chips "The molecular-scale transistors that we have developed may very well serve as the historical 'bookend' to the transistor legacy started by Bell Labs in 1947, Federico Capasso, physical research vice president at Bell Labs.

10 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, Superconducting Plastic Gate-induced superconductivity in a solution-processed organic polymer film J. H. Schön 1, A. Dodabalapur 1, Z. Bao 1, Ch. Kloc 1, O. Schenker 2 & B. Batlogg 1,3 Nature 410, (8 March 2001)

11 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, First Electrically-Pumped Organic Laser First electrically powered organic laser may lead to more widespread use of lasers for various applications FOR RELEASE FRIDAY JULY 28, 2000

12 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, Magic Hands 1 Paper every 8 days in 2001! With 25 coauthors 6 patent filings numerous international awards Braunschweig Prize Science Magazine:

13 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, Lucent s 2001 Annual Report to Shareholders, pg 3.

14 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, A Company in Trouble

15 15 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012

16 New carbon nanoelectronic materials From Cornell 2001 NSF NSEC proposal C 60 Ultrasmall quantum dot Supercondunct. transistor Nanotubes Narrowest transistors Longest room temp. mean free path of any material Pentacene Very high mobilities Lasing, supercond. Polythiophene Flexible, Solution processed, supercond.

17 17 McEuen Group = Nanocarbon Electronics Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012

18 18 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012 Duplicate Noise in Different Papers

19 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, Duplicate Curves

20 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, Duplicate Curves

21 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, Superconducting Plastic Nature 410, (8 March 2001)

22 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, Independent Commission: May 2002 Physics Today: Bell Labs Convenes Committee to Investigate Questions of Scientific Misconduct Is there an innocent explanation for the appearance of similar figures in different publications? External Panel of scientists examine all papers Interviews all coauthors Off limits: Patents, Management responsibility Science:

23 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, What is Misconduct? Research misconduct is being defined as including fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results, but not as including honest error or differences of opinion A finding of misconduct requires a determination, based on a preponderance of the evidence, that research misconduct has occurred, including a conclusion that there has been a significant departure from accepted practices of the relevant research community and that it be knowingly, intentionally, or recklessly committed. (Fed. Regist. 70, section 42 CFR Part ; 2005).

24 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, September Only Schön made devices No coauthors ever witnessed an experiment No laboratory records were kept Original data (if it existed) was deleted from the computers Nearly every rule of scientific documentation violated.

25 25 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012

26 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, All Papers retracted All coauthors agreed (except by Hendrik Schon)

27

28 28 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012 The Dark Secret of Hendrik Schon BBC Documentary The Science Channel

29 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, Schon/Bell labs Case: Who is at fault? Co-workers? Journals? Managers? Community?

30 30 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012 This workshop took place on 13/14 October 2003 at the facilities of the Institute of Physics, 76 Portland Place, London. Approximately 70 participants attended, representing many of the world's physics journals. The objective of the workshop was to work toward agreement on the actions to be taken by journals in uncovering misconduct and on how to handle the papers and individuals involved in misconduct. index.html The senior management of a university or research institution should set high standards for ethical behavior Individual researchers should understand and scrupulously uphold high standards for ethical behavior The senior management of scientific journals should establish and conspicuously post their standards for ethical behavior

31 31 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012 Ethics & Values 02.2 APS GUIDELINES FOR PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT Ethics Case Studies (Adopted by Council on November 10, 2002) Topics Conflict of Interest Data Acquisition Educational Concerns Health and Safety Human Subjects Research Issues of Bias Mentoring Publication Practices Responsible Conduct of Research and Participation Other Ethics Education Resources REPORT OF THE INVESTIGATION COMMITTEE ON THE POSSIBILITY OF SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT IN THE WORK OF HENDRIK SCHÖN AND COAUTHORS September

32 32 Nature Medicine Online Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012

33 33 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012

34 34 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, 2012

35 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, It is still going on.. Science 26 October 2012: Vol. 338 no pp DOI: /science NEWS & ANALYSIS SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY Questions About Japanese Researcher Go Back Years Jennifer Couzin-Frankel, Dennis Normile Earlier this month, Hisashi Moriguchi of the University of Tokyo Hospital admitted to lying when he claimed to be part of a team that transplanted cardiac muscle cells derived from patients' own stem cells into humans. At least three journals are investigating his papers on stem cells, hepatitis C, and other topics. On many publications, he falsely claimed affiliations with Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital as far back as Two major Japanese institutions that supported Moriguchi's work have launched inquiries. And Moriguchi has been fired.

36 Don Hartill Advanced Lab Lecture October 29, Even the best get tricked.

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