Venus - Earth Climate Focus Group
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1 Venus - Earth Climate Focus Group Report to VEXAG #5, May 7-8, David Grinspoon Denver Museum of Nature & Science
2 Venus - Earth Climate Focus Group Session convened by L. Esposito at VEXAG #4, November 2007: Decision to form Focus Group. David Grinspoon, Chair
3 Venus - Earth Climate Focus Group Issue: Include Mars? Titan? Outreach to Earth science community Briefing at NASA HQ, Friday May 2, 2008 David Grinspoon Ellen Stofan Jim Green, Director Planetary Sciences Division John Labrecque, Solid Earth Program Scientist Don Anderson, Earth Climate Program Scientist Madhulika Guhathakurta, Sun-Earth Connections Adriana Ocampo Brian Toon Mark Bullock
4 Report of the COMPARATIVE PLANETARY CLIMATOLOGY Focus Group David Grinspoon Denver Museum of Nature & Science 5/2/08
5 COMPARATIVE PLANETARY CLIMATOLOGY Focus Group David Grinspoon, DMNS Ellen Stofan, Proxemy Research Larry Esposito, LASP Curt Covey, LLNL Gerry Schubert, UCLA Mustapha Chahine, JPL Gavin Schmidt, GISS Fian Teng, NCAR Lennart Bengtson, ISSI Jack Mustard, Brown University Brian Toon, U. Colorado Mark Bullock, SwRI Ray Pierrehumbert, U. Chicago James Hansen, GISS James Head, Brown University James Kasting, Penn State Sanjay Limaye, WU Eric Chassefiere, LMD Kevin McGouldrick, DMNS Alex Pavlov, U. Arizona Yuk Yung, Cal Tech Gerald Keating, GWU Dave Crisp, JPL Kevin Baines, JPL Janet Luhmann,UC Berkeley Stephen Mackwell, LPI Mark Allen, JPL James Cutts, JPL Tibor Balint, JPL Sushil Atreya, U. Mich Tony Colaprete, NASA/Ames Jean Dickey, JPL
6 COMPARATIVE PLANETARY CLIMATOLOGY Focus Group Science Connections I Venus and Mars provide our closest (and only) planetary analogs for many important terrestrial climate processes. Many scientific problems of common interest to both terrestrial and planetary modeling communities: aerosol microphysics and radiative properties. cloud morphologies and climate forcings. mesoscale and vortex dynamics. radiative transfer with variable trace gases. atmospheric responses to short and long term solar forcing. Simulating the extreme climates of these other planets can: expose potential limitations of current climate models. increase facility with nonlinear climate feedbacks.
7 COMPARATIVE PLANETARY CLIMATOLOGY Focus Group Science Connections II Understanding of Venus and Mars climate science would benefit greatly from use of the best Earth models and the expertise of the larger community of Earth scientists. Why now? Multiple Mars missions have now produced an extensive atmospheric database. Circulation models are more mature. Venus Express - the first Venus climate orbiter, has now returned 2 years of data.
8 COMPARATIVE PLANETARY CLIMATOLOGY Science Connections III - Comparative Climatology: Venus as an extreme case of global warming. Obliquity cycles and climate histories of Mars and Earth. Clouds and radiative balance, including microphysics, cloud morphology, dynamics and cloud coverage. Photochemistry of Cl, O, and S. Responses to solar cycle. Responses to long-term solar evolution, constraints on solar climate forcing. Volcano-climate interactions.
9 COMPARATIVE PLANETARY CLIMATOLOGY Science Connections IV - Climate Evolution: The role of water in the terrestrial planets. Noble gases as indicators of terrestrial planet origin and evolution. Stable isotopes of C, H, O, S and N as tracers of atmospheric sources and sinks and markers of potential ancient biospheres. Implications of Venusian and Martian climatic and tectonic evolution for the future of Earth. Nonlinear global systems theory.
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11 Science Connections V - Atmospheric Dynamics: Explain Venus and Mars global circulation with modeling techniques developed for terrestrial GCMs. Study atmospheric angular momentum and exchange with solid planet on Venus and Earth, including, for example ENSO-connected variations of Earth's rotation period. Compare Venus dynamical phenomena to Earth stratospheric Quasi-Biennial oscillation. Characterize vorticity and storm morphology on Venus and Mars and compare to Earth. Compare the Venus and Mars middle atmospheres to Earth s middle atmosphere. Characterize Venus and Earth polar vortices.
12 COMPARATIVE PLANETARY CLIMATOLOGY Science Connections VI - Space Physics: Use Venus and Mars as analogs for Earth magnetosphere and solar wind interactions during future and past magnetic field reversals. Model atmospheric escape on Venus, Mars and Earth, including present day escape and fractionations, and those in the early solar system (enhanced XUV and solar wind). Compare the solar cycle response of the upper atmospheres, exospheric escape fluxes and climates on all three planets. Characterize the space weather environments and the upper atmospheres.
13 Recent European Interest in Comparative Climatology: ISSI Bern Expert Group Meeting 7-9 April, 2008 Balogh Andre A meeting to discuss scientific issues of the Venus Climate and Atmosphere took place at ISSI, Bengtsson Bern 7-9 April 2008 Lennart with the following participants: Bonnet Roger Maurice Balogh Andre Bengtsson Grinspoon Lennart David lennart.bengtsson@zmaw.de Bonnet Roger Maurice Grinspoon Lebonnois David Sebastien David.Grinspoon@dmns.org Lebonnois Sebastien Limaye Sanjay Limaye Sanjay Rossi Angelo Angelo Pio Pio arossi@issibern.ch Schmidt Hauke Titov Schmidt Dimitri Hauke titov@mps.mpg.de Yamamoto Masaru Titov Dimitri Yamamoto Masaru SCIENTIFIC ISSUES: Super-rotation of the Venus Atmosphere Vortex Circulation Quantifying the role of topography Nature and formation of clouds
14 ISSI Bern Expert Group Recommendations: Set up a working group from 1 July 2008 with a two year perspective having the following objectives: 1) Organize standardize comparative model simulation experiments of the Venus atmosphere. Explore sensitivities, to dynamical core, to initialization and boundary conditions. Explore time scales and internal variability. 2) Comparison with analogous terrestrial phenomena. 3) Support this work with simpler conceptual models. 4) Validate using available data from Venus Express and other sources. 5) Based on results provide advice for ongoing and future missions.
15 COMPARATIVE PLANETARY CLIMATOLOGY Focus Group Education and Public Outreach: Comparative Planetary Climatology has huge potential for public excitement and education about planetary science, climate change, and Sun-Earth connections! Connects several aspects of current NASA science to areas of great public concern and relevance.
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18 COMPARATIVE PLANETARY CLIMATOLOGY Focus Group STRATEGY: Continue to seek input from Earth, Mars, Venus and Solar science communities. (MEPAG, OPAG, etc.) Begin planning a conference or series of workshops on Comparative Planetary Climatology. (Chapman Conference? AGU Special Session?) Explore the possibility of an amendment to ROSES 2009, for a Research Program in Comparative Planetary Climatology.
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