Index. Du Bois, W. E. B., xi, xii, 23 6, 213, 264 5, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 21, 22 3, 209

Transcription

1 abortion, 46 7 Absalom, Absalom! (Faulkner), xvi, 14 15, 119, , 231, 232 3, , 242, 247 abstract expressionism, 12, 158 9, 160 academic criticism, 87, 92 see also stylistic analysis techniques academicism, 166 Adams, Henry, xii, 6, 17 18, 42 advertising, 81, 82, 84 7 African American English (AAE), 10, African American fiction chronology, xii, xiii, xv, xvi crime, 107 dialect, 10, , 279 female self-remaking, modernism, politics of, 13 14, racial desegregation, 218, radicalism, 187, 191, 192 3, 201 3, Southern literature and, , 232 3, 234, 235, 237, turning the century, 6, 19 26, African American modernism, , 288, 290 African Americans chronology, xi, xii, xiii, xv, xvi, xvii cosmopolitanism, female self-remaking, 7, lesbian representation, 67, 70 3 mobilization fiction, 138 postbellum America, 205 6, racial uplift, 72 3, Southern literature, 14 15, turning the century, 5 6, 19 26, Agee, James, 289 agents, literary, 8, 9, 80 1, 92 Agrarians, xv, 14 15, 230, 231, 234, 237, 239, 240, 247, Alice Adams (Tarkington), 52 American Scene, The (James), xii, 272 analepsis,

2 Anderson, Sherwood, xiv, 43 4, 54 animality, 28, 29, 30 1 Ann Vickers (Lewis), 46 7 Armory Show, xiii army officer selection/training, 135 9, , 153 sexual education, art, modernism, xiii, 12, , 276 Artificial Nigger, The (O Connor), 231, As I Lay Dying (Faulkner), xv, 121, 164 Asian American modernism, 277, 284 6, 290 attenuated focalization, 10, 128 author celebrity, 86 7 author reader relationship, 8 9, Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man, The (Johnson), xiii, avant-garde, the, 12, , 164, 166 7, 178, boundaries of modernism, 287, 289 racial uplift, 216, 217 Awakening, The (Kate Chopin), xii, 31 2, 44 Barn Burning (Faulkner), 121, Barnes, Djuna, xv, xvi, 8, Beast in the Jungle, The (James), 62 4 Big Money, The (Dos Passos), 187 Big Sleep, The (Chandler), 106, 107, 289 biological pressures, 7, 39 40, 42 3, 46 7 birth control, xiv, 46 7 Birthright (Stribling), 214 Black Boy (Wright), xvi, 217 Black Elk Speaks (Neihardt), Black Mask (magazine), 105, 106 Black Protest Literature, 201 Black Reconstruction in America (Du Bois), blacks see African Americans book clubs, xiv, 8, 9, 83 4, 85 Book of the Dead, The (Rukeyser), 289 book jackets, 85 book pricing, 87 8 Bourke-White, Margaret, 289 Bread Givers (Yezierska), xiv, 7, 50 1 British crime fiction, 94 5, 98, , 103 Brown, Lloyd L., 219 Brown, Sterling, 207, 221 bullfighting, 170 3, 176 8, Cahan, Abraham, 254, 270 Cain, James M., xv, Cain, Paul, 101 Caldwell, Erskine, 289 Call It Sleep (Roth), xv, 254, 255 6, Call of the Wild, The (London), xii, 6, 30 1 capitalism cosmopolitanism, 255 crime fiction, 100 global, 255, 291 magazine revolution, 81 2 professionalism and, 165, radical 1930s novels, 189, turning the century, Cather, Willa, xiii, xiv, 123, 148 celebrity, 86 7 censorship, 88 91, 283 Chandler, Raymond, , 102, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 289 charity girls, 141 4, 145 Chesnutt, Charles, xii, 6, 21 3, 26, 211, Chicago, 259, 261, Chicago Renaissance, 207,

3 Chicano/a modernism, 16, 277, 287 8, 290 children radical 1930s novels, women and modernity, 39 40, 42 3 see also pregnancy China Men (Kingston), 284 Chinese Americans, Chopin, Kate, xii, 6, 31 2, 44 Circular Staircase, The (Rinehart), cities, 15 16, chronology, xiii crime fiction, 97 8 radical 1930s novels, turning the century, 26 7 Citizen (Okubo), 286, 289 Civil War, America after see postbellum America Clansman, The (Dixon), xii, 22, 23 class cosmopolitanism, 263 crime fiction, 94, 95, 96 mobilization fiction, 134, 135 8, 140, 144 modernism and, see also professionalism racial uplift, 210, 211, 214 radical 1930s novels, 12 13, , 192, 194, , 203 sexual identity and, 66 Southern literature, 228 9, 232 3, 236, classical crime fiction, 94 5, 96 7, , 101 4, 106, 107, classicism, 171 classics, publication, 83, 88 Clemens, Samuel Langhorne (Mark Twain), xi, 6, 32 5 Color of a Great City, The (Dreiser), comic style, 120 commodity fetishism, 77 communism McCarthyism, xvii racial uplift, 216 radical 1930s novels, , 194, 195, 203 comparators, 120, 123 see also metaphors; similes Compromise of 1877, 205 Comstock, Anthony, 89 Conjure-Man Dies: A Mystery Tale of Dark Harlem, The (Fisher), 107 consumerism, 6 7, 26 7, 41 3, 47, 259 contemplative style, Contending Forces: A Romance Illustrative of Negro Life North and South (Hopkins), xii, 20, 210 copula deletion, 117 copyright, 77, 80 1 core narrative clauses, 120, 126 correlatives, 120, cosmic supernaturalism, Cosmopolis (DeLillo), 15, 254 7, 259, cosmopolitanism, 15 16, crime fiction, 94 8 chronology, xv manhood and, 9 10, stylistic analysis, Cubical City, The (Flanner), xiv, 254, 256, Cullen, Countee, 221 2, 277 cultural assimilation, cultural identity boundaries of modernism, African American, , 288 Asian American, Mexican American, 286 Native American, cosmopolitanism, 15 16, 253 5,

4 culture, professional, 165 Custom of the Country, The (Wharton), xiii, 6, 42, 47 8, 53 Daly, Carroll John, 100, 102, 104 5, 106, 108 dances, 283 Dannay, Frederic, 103 Darwinian evolution see evolutionary motifs Davis, Arthur P., 207, 221 Death in the Afternoon (Hemingway), xv, 163, 170 5, 176, death and the dead Cosmopolis, modernism, 11 12, 161, , 276 DeLillo, Dom, 15, 254 7, 259 depravity, 110 depression-era novels, see also Great Depression desire economy of, 27 8, 41, 259 sexual see sexual desire detachment, 255 9, 263, determinism, 5 6, 34 5, dialect, 10, , 279 diphthongs, direct speech, Dixon, Thomas, xii, xiii, 6, 22, 23 Doctor and the Doctor s Wife, The (Hemingway), 117 Dos Passos, John, xiv, xv, 187, 254, 256, double-consciousness, 24 6, 280, 282 Douglass, Frederick, 201 Dreiser, Theodore chronology, xii, xiii, xiv cosmopolitanism, 254, 257 8, 259, female self-remaking, 6, 38 9, 40 1, 43, 44 turning the century, 5 6, 26 8, 29 Du Bois, W. E. B., xi, xii, 23 6, 213, 264 5, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 21, 22 3, 209 ecological systems, 261 economic depression see Great Depression economy of desire, 27 8, 41, 259 editors, 79 82, 90, 91, 92 education industrial, 207 mobilization fiction, 140, modernism, racial uplift, Education of Henry Adams, The (Adams), xii, 6, Eliot, T. S. chronology, xiv female self-remaking, 43 modernism, 158 9, 161 3, 164, 167 8, , 230 African American, 277, , 290 death, 11 12, 161, 170, 174, 176, 177, 180, 181, 276 elite culture, 78 see also highbrow culture elite identity, racialized, 209 elitism, see also professionalism Ellison, Ralph, xvii, 14, , 220, 232, 265, Emma McChesney series, 51 emotionality, employment Chinese Americans, 284 cosmopolitanism, 262 3, female self-remaking, 43 4, 47, 51 3 racial uplift, 215, 220 Yonnondio, 196, 197, 198, ethical liberalism,

5 ethnic minorities boundaries of modernism, cosmopolitanism, 15 16, 253 6, 260 1, crime fiction, 107 female self-remaking, 7, 50 1 lesbian representation, 68 9 mobilization fiction, , 149, 150, 152, 153 radical 1930s novels, 189, 191, see also race and racism ethnophaulisms, Europe British crime fiction, 94 5, 98, , 103 emigrants see immigrants fascism, 188, 189 imperialism, 278, mobilization fiction, 133, 138, modernism, 159, 161 3, 170 1, 180 1, 278 Evans, Walker, 289 evolutionary motifs, 14 15, 39 40, 235 6, , 261 explicatives, 120, eye dialect, 10, Farewell to Arms, A (Hemingway), xv, 90, 91, 118, 120, 178 Farrell, James T., xv, 12 13, 187, 191 2, 193 5, 201 fascism, 188, 189 Fast One (Paul Cain), 101, 110 Faulkner, William African Americans in fiction of, 14 15, , 231, , 242, 247, chronology, xv, xvi mobilization fiction, 11, 132 3, modernisms, 163, 164, 289 stylistic analysis, , , Fauset, Jessie, xv, 7, 49 50, 214 see also Plum Bun Federal Writers Project, 87, 167 female female erotics see lesbian representation female self-remaking, 6 7, feminist modernism, 277 see also female self-remaking; lesbian representation feminization of men, see also new man Fer-De-Lance (Stout), 104 Ferber, Edna, 7, 51 finance, global system, 255 First World War chronology, xiv death and the dead, 12, 161, 174 5, 178, 276 mobilization fiction, Fisher, Rudolph, xv, 13, 107, Fitzgerald, F. Scott celebrity, 86, 87 chronology, xiv cosmopolitanism, 254, 259 editors, 80 mobilization fiction, 11, modernisms, 289 Southern literature, Flanner, Janet, xiv, 254, 256, flappers, 48 9, 141 For Whom the Bell Tolls (Hemingway), xvi, 187 Forster, E. M., nd Parallel, The (Dos Passos), xv, 187 Freeman, Mary Wilkins, xi, 60 2 Freudian identification desire dichotomy, 71 Gale, Zona, xiv, 48, 53 gangster novels, 95 6, 101,

6 Garland, Hamlin, 18 gatekeepers, 9, Gates, Henry Louis, 222, 235 6, gay modernism, 277 see also lesbian representation gender identity, 58 9, 71 gender roles, 196, 197, , 201 Ghost Dance, 283 GI Bill, 167 Gilded Six-Bits, The (Hurston), 116 Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, xii, xiii, 6, 31, 46 Glass Key, The (Hammett), 110 global African American modernism, global capitalism, 255, 291 global South studies, Go Down, Moses (Faulkner), Goodis, David, 109 Grant, Robert, xii, 38 40, 41 2, 47 8 Grapes of Wrath, The (Steinbeck), xvi, 187 Great Depression, chronology, xv crime fiction, gatekeepers, 87 8 modernism and, 167, 186 racial uplift, radicalism, Great Gatsby, The (Fitzgerald), xiv, 11, , 238 9, 254, 259, 289 Great War see First World War Greenberg, Clement, xvi, 12, , 166 7, 172 Griggs, Sutton, grotesques, Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of, 16 guild specialization, 12, Hammett, Dashiell, xv, 102, 106, 107, 110, hard-boiled crime fiction, 10, 95 7, stylistic analysis, 10, Harlem Renaissance, 13 African American modernism, 277 female self-remaking, racial uplift, 206 7, Southern literature and, Harper, Frances E. W., xii, 37, 209 Hazard of New Fortunes, A (Howells), xi, 19 Hemingway, Ernest accessibility, 91 2 celebrity, 86, 87 chronology, xiv, xv, xvi editors, 80, 90, 91 Farrell s criticism of, 193 mobilization fiction, 11, 132 3, modernism of, 163 death, 11 12, 161, , 276 political radicalism, 180 1, 187, 190 stylistic analysis, 117, 118, 120 Herland (Gilman), xiii, 31, 46 heroines, 6 7, Herrick, Robert, 42, 44 heterodiegetic narration, 127 heterosexuality, 58, 59 see also lesbian representation highbrow culture, 8 9, 78, 91 2, 189 homosexuality, 58 9, 107 see also lesbian representation Hopkins, Pauline Elizabeth, xii, 6, 20 1, 22 3, 208 9, 210, 213 House of Mirth (Wharton), xii, 32, 254, 256, 259, How It Feels to Be Colored Me (Hurston), Howells, William Dean, xi, 18 19, 22 Hugh Selwyn Mauberley (Pound), xiv,

7 Hughes, Dorothy B., 106 Hughes, Langston, xiv, 277, Hum-Ish-Ma (Mourning Dove), 284 Hurston, Zora Neale African American modernism, 278 9, 289 chronology, xv, xvi same-sex erotics, 8, 72 3 Southern literature, 232 stylistic analysis, 10, hyper-realism, postmodern, I, the Jury (Spillane), 106 identification desire dichotomy, 71 identity cosmopolitanism, 15 16, 254 5, 260, cultural see cultural identity Mexican American, 16, 286 racial, 212, 218, 222 sexual, 7 8, Southern, 234, 237, idiolect, 124 I ll Take My Stand (the Agrarians), xv, 230, imagism, immigrants African American modernism, 279 Chinese, chronology, xii, xiv cosmopolitanism, 260, 263, , 279 mobilization fiction, 138 9, 153 as publishers, 83 radical 1930s novels, 189 turning the century, 28, 29 as writers, 50 1, 270 imperialism, 16, 278, 280 6, Imperium in Imperio: A Study of the Negro Race Problem (Griggs), In a Lonely Place (Hughes), 106 individual tribe tension, industrial capitalism, 81 2 industrial education, 207 industrialization cosmopolitanism, 259, 263 defining modernism, female self-making, 6 7, 43 4 Southern literature, 14 15, 230, 232 intellectual property, 77, 80 1 intensifiers, 120, 121 intranational regionalism, 233 Invisible Man (Ellison), xvii, 220, 265, Iola Leroy; Or, Shadows Uplifted (Harper), xii, 209 Irish Americans, 191, 194 5, 201 Ishi in Two Worlds (Kroeber), 281 jacket design, 85 James, Henry, xii, 62 4, 272 Japanese Americans, 286, 290 Jewish Americans cosmopolitanism, 15 16, 265, mobilization fiction, 133, 139 publishing by, 9, 83 radical 1930s novels, 189, 201 women and modernity, 7, 50 1 Job, The (Lewis), 51 2 John Redding Goes to Sea (Hurston), 115 John Reed Clubs, 167 Johnson, James Weldon, xiii, Joyce, James, xiv, xv, 91 Jungle, The (Sinclair), xii, 28 9 Kelley, Edith Summers, xiv, 7, 45 6 Kingston, Maxine Hong, 284, 285 kitsch, 158, 159, 166 Kitty Foyle (Morley), 52 3 Knock on Any Door (Motley), 218, 222 Kroeber, Theodora,

8 Ku Klux Klan trilogy (Dixon), xii, xiii, 6, 22, 23 labels of primary potency, labor see employment Labovian narrative analysis, , 126 Ladies Almanack (Barnes), xv, 8, 68 9 language eroticization, 68 stylistic analysis, 10 11, , Larsen, Nella, xv, 7, 8, 13, 49, 50, 70 2, 214 see also Quicksand Lee, Manfred B., 103 Lee, Ulysses, 207, 221 Leopard s Spots, The (Dixon), xii, 22, 23 lesbian representation, 7 8, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (Agee and Evans), 289 Lewis, Sinclair, xiv, xv, 7, 46 8, 51 2, 190 see also Main Street lexical analysis, , 124, 127 liberalism, 256, Linderman, Frank B., literary agents, 8, 9, 80 1, 92 literary criticism, 87, 92 see also stylistic analysis techniques Literature of the South, The, Locke, Alain, xiv, London, Jack, xii, 6, 30 1 Long Arm, The (Freeman), 60 2 Lost Beautifulness, The (Yezierska), Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The (Eliot), xiv, 159, , 174, 180 lowbrow culture, 8 9, 78, 91 2 see also mass culture Lowe, Pardee, 284 McCarthyism, xvii magazines, 80, 81 2 black periodicals, 207 9, 213 racial uplift, 13 14, , Main Street (Lewis), xiv, 7, 47 8, 53 4 Maltese Falcon, The (Hammett), xv, 106, 107, Man Who Corrupted Hadleyburg, The (Twain), 33 4 Manhattan Transfer (Dos Passos), xiv, 187, 254, 256, manhood crime fiction, 9 10, turning the century, 30 1 see also masculinity markets, 8 9, female self-remaking and, 41 2 financial, 255, Marrow of Tradition, The (Chesnutt), xii, 21 2, 26, 211 Marxism racial uplift, 216 radical 1930s novels, 12 13, 188, 192, 194, 195, 203 masculinity, 10 hard-boiled, turning the century, 30 1 war mobilization fiction, 11, masochism, mass culture the avant-garde and, 158, 159, 164 radical 1930s novels, 189 turning the century, 6, 26 9 see also lowbrow culture mass media technology, media, modernism, 277, men female self-remaking and, 43 4, 45, 50 2 feminization, see also new man 302

9 manhood see manhood role in Yonnondio, meritocracy, 11, , 149, 150 2, 153 meronymy, 129 metaphors, Mexican American modernism, 16, 286 8, 290 Mexican Village (Niggli), 287 Michaels, Walter Benn, 153, 230, 238, 269 middlebrow culture, 9, 78 9, 82, 83 4, 85 6, 91 2, 189 Minus, Marian, Miss Furr and Miss Skeene (Stein), 121 Miss Lonelyhearts (Nathaniel West), 276 Miss Lulu Bett (Gale), xiv, 48, 53 mobilization fiction, 11, modal words of estrangement, 127 modernism(s), 2, 16, , African American, , 288, 290 Asian American, 277, 284 6, 290 Chicano/a, 16, 277, 287 8, 290 death and the dead, 11 12, 161, , 276 definition, feminist, 277 see also modernity, female selfremaking gay, 277 see also modernity, lesbian representation Great Depression and, 167, 186 magazine revolution, 82 mobilization fiction, native American, 277, 280 4, 290 New Media, 277, New Negro, 216 of Southern literature, 14 15, styles in, 10 11, , turning the century, 32 5 modernity Berman s definition, 97 cosmopolitanism, 254, 257 8, 259, crime fiction, 9 10, female self-remaking, 6 7, lesbian representation, 7 8, urban, monkey trial, xiv, monophthongization of diphthongs, monsters, 198 Montage of a Dream Deferred (Hughes), morality, 9, 82, cosmopolitanism and, crime fiction, 105 Hemingway s style, 178 mobilization fiction, 134, Morley, Christopher, 52 3 Moses, Man of the Mountain (Hurston), motherhood, 39 40, 42 3, 46 7, 51 Motley, William, 218, 222 Mourning Dove (Hum-Ish-Ma), 284 Mules and Men (Hurston), 278, 279 music, 24 5, 279, My Antonia (Cather), 123 narrative analysis, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (Douglass), 201 national identity, 66 7 Native American modernism, 277, 280 4, 290 Native Son (Wright), xvi, 192 3, 217, 218, 220, , 233, 237, , 254 nativism, 230, 237, 238 Natural History of the Dead, A (Hemingway), 172 5, 177 8,

10 natural narrative, , 126 naturalism cosmopolitanism and, 259, female self-remaking, 44 6 magazine revolution, 82 radical 1930s novels, 12 13, Southern literature, 231 turning the century, 27, Negro Caravan, The, Negro People s Front, 216 Neihardt, John, New Challenge (magazine), 13 14, New Criticism, 132, 152 New Deal racial uplift, 215 radical 1930s novels, support for artists, 87, 167 New Historicism, 132, 152 new man, New Media modernism, 277, New Negro, 205 6, New Negro, The, xiv New Woman, 37 8, 39, 141 newspapers, 28 Niggli, Josephina, 287 Nightwood (Barnes), xvi, 8, (Dos Passos), xv, 187 nineteenth-century fiction, 5 6, Norris, Frank, xii, 5 6, 30 obscenity, 9, O Connor, Flannery, xvii, 231, 233 4, 236, 240 7, Octopus, The (Norris), xii, 30 Of One Blood (Hopkins), 20 1 Okubo, Miné, 286, 289 Olsen, Tillie, xv, 12, 13, 187, 191, 192, One of Ours (Cather), 148 over-civilization, 6, 30 painting, 12, paper, paperback revolution, 88, 91 Passing (Larsen), xv, 8, 70 2 passing, racial, Perhaps Women (Anderson), 43 4 periodicals black, 207 9, 213 magazine revolution, 80, 81 2 racial uplift, 13 14, , Perkins, Maxwell, 79 80, 90, 91 Phillips, David Graham, xiv, 3, 6, 44 5 see also Susan Lenox: Her Fall and Rise Pinkney, Tony, 2 Plum Bun (Fauset), xv, 7, 49 50, 53 4 Poe, Edgar Allan, 98 9 poetry, 158 9, 161 3, 167, , 174 Chinese American, 285 musical, 290 racial uplift, point of view, 125 6, 128 politics of African American fiction, 13 14, radical 1930s novels, turning the century, 28 9 Popular Front, 216 postbellum America, 205 8, African American modernism, Southern literature, 230, Postman Always Rings Twice, The (James M. Cain), xv, postmodernity, 254 7, Pound, Ezra, xiv, xvi, 164, 277, , 290 power relations global, racial uplift, ,

11 pregnancy, 45 7 primitivism, 6, 30 1, 230, professionalism, see also specialization Proletarian Literature, , 193, proletarian novel, 96 publishers/publishing, 8 9, 79, 80, 82 91, purity campaigns, 9, mobilization fiction, Pynchon, Thomas, 276 Q.E.D. (Stein), xii, 64 7 Queen, Ellery, 103 queer sexuality, 7 8, 57 74, 107 Quicksand (Larsen), xv, 7, 13, 49, 50, 53 4, 214 race and racism African American modernism, , 288, 290 Asian American modernism, 286, 288 chronology, xi, xii, xiii, xv, xvii cosmopolitanism, crime fiction, 107 dialect, 115, 279 female self-remaking, 7, lesbian representation, 66 7, 68 9, 70 3 Mexican American modernism, 288 mobilization fiction, 138, 140 racial uplift, 13 14, 72 3, radical 1930s novels, 189, 192 3, Southern literature, 14 15, stylistic analysis, 115, turning the century, 5 6, 19 26, violence, xi, 19 23, 205, 211 word choice, racial realism, 216, racial uplift African American fiction, 13 14, female female erotics, 8, 72 3 racism see race and racism radicalism, 12 13, 180 1, racial uplift, Ransom, John Crowe, reader author relationship, 8 9, reading clubs, 167 realism crime fiction, , 110 female self-remaking, 44 5, 46 7, 53 postmodern, racial, 216, radical 1930s novels, 12 13, 193 turning the century, 5 6, 18 21, 31 2 Reconstruction, 205, 206 7, Red Harvest (Hammett), xv, 102 regionalism, 233 4, register, 114, 117, 124 repetition, 237 8, 239, 241 2, 244, reviewers, 84 5 revolution, Reynolds, Paul Revere, 80 Rinehart, Mary Roberts, Rise of David Levinsky, The (Cahan), 254, 270 Roast Beef Medium (Ferber), 51 romance, 44 6, 51 2, romanticism, 144 5, , 159 Roosevelt era, xv, 189, 220, 286 Roth, Henry, xv, 254, 255 6, Rukeyser, Muriel, 289 same-sex erotics see lesbian representation Sanchez, Thomas, 287 Sanger, Margaret, xiv,

12 Scherman, Harry, 83 Scopes Trial, xiv, Second World War chronology, xvi coalition building, education after, 167 postwar African American fiction, 206, 218, second-stage industrialization, 275 selfhood, sexual identity, 7 8, sentimentality, sex censorship, 88 91, 283 interracial, 203, 241, 242 3, sexual abuse, 197, 198 sexual desire, 44, 45 see also lesbian representation sexual identity, 7 8, sexual mobility, 236 sexual promiscuity cosmopolitanism, 260, 267, mobilization fiction, 133, 141 4, 145 9, Shame of the Cities, The (Steffens), xii, 262 Shingles for the Lord (Faulkner), 120 signifying, similes, 127 Simple Art of Murder, The (Chandler), 99, 102, 110 Sinclair, Upton, xii, 5 6, 28 9 Sister Carrie (Dreiser), 6 chronology, xii cosmopolitanism, 254, 257 8, 259, 260 female self-remaking, 38 9, 40 1, 43, 44 turning the century, 26 8, 29 slavery abolition, 205, 211, see also postbellum America African American modernism, 278, 279 sorrow songs, 24 5 women s sexual desires, 71 Snarl of the Beast, The (Daly), 104 5, 108 Snows of Kilimanjaro, The (Hemingway), social forces error, 258 social pressures defining modernism, female self-remaking, 6 7, lesbian representation, 7 8, manhood and crime fiction, 97 9 racial passing, 212 radical 1930s novels, 12 13, turning the century, 5 6, 18, social status mobilization fiction, 11, , 142 4, Southern literature, socialist politics radical 1930s novels, turning the century, 28 9 sociology cosmopolitanism and, 261 of literature, 8 9, 92 sorrow songs, 24 5 Souls of Black Folk, The (Du Bois), xii, 23 6, 278, 280 Sound and the Fury, The (Faulkner), xv, 11, 132 3, 152 Southern literature, 14 15, see also Faulkner, William Southern states Black Reconstruction, 205, 206 7, racial uplift, 205, 211, 215, Spanish imperialism, 16, 280 specialization, 12, spectacle, 255 7, speech presentation, 124 5,

13 speed cosmopolitanism, 258 crime fiction, 100 1, 102 Spillane, Mickey, 106 Steffens, Lincoln, xii, 262 Stein, Gertrude, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, 64 8, , 121, 164 Steinbeck, John, xvi, 187 Stevens, Wallace, xiv, Stout, Rex, 100, Stribling, T. S., 214 Studs Lonigan trilogy (Farrell), xv, 12 13, 192, 193 5, 201 stylistic analysis techniques, 10 11, Suárez, Mario, 287 Sun Also Rises, The (Hemingway), xiv, 11, 132 3, 152, 193 supernaturalism, Susan Lenox: Her Fall and Rise (Phillips), xiv, 3, 6, 44 5, 53 4 symbolism, 179, 202 syntax, , 126 Tarkington, Booth, 52 technologization, 5 6, 17, 18, 33, 43 4, Tell My Horse (Hurston), 279 Tender Buttons: Objects Food Rooms (Stein), xv, 68, 164 That Evening Sun (Faulkner), , Their Eyes Were Watching God (Hurston), xvi, 8, 72 3, 115, 278, 279, 289 There is Confusion (Fauset), 214 Three Lives (Stein), xiii, 67 Three Soldiers (Dos Passos), xiv, 187 Together (Herrick), 42, 44, 53 tough guy fiction see hard-boiled crime fiction tough/tender writers, Tradition and the Individual Talent (Eliot), 161 Traitor, The (Dixon), xii, 22 transitivity, tribe individual tension, turning the century, 5 6, 17 35, Turning Point of My Life, The (Twain), 34 Tuskegee Machine, 207 Twain, Mark, xi, xii, 6, 32 5 Twilight Sleep (Wharton), 42 3, 49 US imperialism, 16, 281 6, 290 U.S.A. trilogy (Dos Passos), xv, 187 Ulysses (Joyce), xiv, xv, 91 Uncle Tom s Children (Wright), 192, 201 3, 217, 218 universities, Unleavened Bread (Grant), xii, 38 40, 41 2, 47 8, 53 Up from Slavery (Washington), 13, uplift see racial uplift urbanization, xiii, 15 16, 253 4, 260 1, Agrarianism and, 230, 231 see also cities Valdez, Luis, 287 Van Dine, S. S., xv, 101 violence crime fiction, 9 10, 94 5, 96, 101 2, 105, 106 7, racial uplift, 205, 211 radical 1930s novels, 197, 198, 203 turning the century, 17, 18, vocabulary analysis, , 124, 127 Voodoo, 279 wage-earning, see also employment 307

14 Walls of Jericho, The (Fisher), xv, 13, war chronology, xii, xiii, xiv, xvi, xvii death and the dead, 12, 161, 172 5, 177 8, 276 manhood and modernity, 106 mobilization fiction, 11, post-civil War America see postbellum America post-2ww African American fiction, 206, 218, post-2ww education, 167 War Prayer, The (Twain), xii, 33, 34 Warren, Robert Penn, 232 Washington, Booker T., xi, 13, 206 7, , Waste Land, The (Eliot), xiv, 43, 176, 230, 279, 280, 290 Weeds (Kelley), xiv, 7, 45 6 West, Dorothy, West, Nathaniel, xvi, 276 Wharton, Edith, xii, xiii, 6, 32, 42 3, 47 8, 49, 53, 254 see also House of Mirth What is Man? (Twain), 33, 34 White Fang (London), xii, 6, 30 1 white patronage/philanthropy, white supremacism, 22, 23 4, 189 racial uplift and, 205, 211 white-collar girl novels, 51 3 Whitfield, Raoul, 107 Williams, Raymond, 2 Williams, William Carlos, 162 Winesburg, Ohio (Anderson), xiv, 54 Wirth, Louis, 15, 253 4, 259 Wise Blood (O Connor), xvii, 231, Wolfe, Thomas, xv, 80 women in crime fiction, 98, emancipation, xiv lesbian representation, 7 8, mobilization fiction, 141 5, modernism and death, 170, 174 racial uplift, 210 radical 1930s novels, self-remaking, 6 7, turning the century, 6, 31 2 Wong, Jade Snow, 284 word analysis, , 124, 127, work see employment World War One see First World War World War Two see Second World War Wounded Knee Massacre, 283 Wright, Richard, 12, 13 14, 15 chronology, xvi cosmopolitanism, 254 racial uplift, 206, 207, radicalism, 187, 191, 192 3, 201 3, Southern literature, , 231, 232 3, 234, 237, Yellow Wallpaper, The (Gilman), xii, 31 Yezierska, Anzia, xiv, 7, 50 1, Yonnondio (Olsen), xv, 13, 192, You Have Seen Their Faces (Caldwell and Bourke-White), 289 Young Lonigan (Farrell), xv, 192, 193 5, 201 Young, Thomas Daniel, 243 Zoot Suit (Valdez), 287 Zoot Suit Murders, The (Sanchez),