VOLUME 7 NUMBER 12 DECEMBER 2016

Transcription

1 VOLUME 7 NUMBER 12 DECEMBER 2016

2 VOLUME 7 NUMBER 12 DECEMBER 2016 ECOSPHERE AN ESA OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL Editor-in-Chief DEBRA P. C. PETERS Associate Editor-in-Chief ROBERT R. PARMENTER BOARD OF EDITORS MICHAEL F. ALLEN MADHUR ANAND NICHOLE BARGER FRANCO BIONDI W. ALICE BOYLE DAWN M. BROWNING MARY CADENASSO JAMES W. CAIN III F. STUART CHAPIN III GUILLAUME CHAPRON SCOTT L. COLLINS WYATT CROSS CHARLENE D AVANZO JOHN DRAKE MICHAEL DUNIWAY DIANE EBERT-MAY KENNETH ELGERSMA ERIC M. GESE LAUREANO GHERARDI MARGHERITA GIORIA NOEL GURWICK KYLE HAYNES TIMM HOFFMAN KRISTOFER D. JOHNSON JULIA JONES CHARLES KWIT CONRAD C. LABANDEIRA CHRISTOPHER LEPCZYK BROOKE MASLO ANDREW MCCALL GEORGE MIDDENDORF SETH NEWSOME UFFE NIELSEN JESSE NIPPERT GREG OKIN YUDE PAN ANDREW W. PARK JOSE M. PARUELO MICHAEL PERRING STEWARD T. A. PICKETT SUJITH RAVI ERIC RIBBENS T AI ROULSTON KEIRITH SNYDER RYAN SPONSELLER TOBIAS VAN KOOTEN PAIGE S. WARREN JAKE WELTZIN JASON WEST GUY ZIV ESA GOVERNING BOARD DAVID LODGE, President RICH POUYAT, President-Elect MONICA TURNER, Past-President JAYNE BELNAP, Vice President for Science EVAN DELUCIA, Vice President for Finance FRANK DAVIS, Vice President for Public Affairs NALINI NADKARNI, Vice President for Education and Human Resources JESSICA GUREVITCH, Secretary KATHRYN COTTINGHAM, Member-at-Large EMILY CLOYD, Member-at-Large SHARON HALL, Member-at-Large 2016 The Ecological Society of America. Ecosphere is an open access journal published monthly on behalf of the Ecological Society of America by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley Company, 111 River St., Hoboken, NJ USA. It is available online only, free of charge, at wileyonlinelibrary.com. ESA Headquarters: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC USA Tel , Fax , esahq@esa.org

3 CONTENTS ECOSPHERE VOLUME 7 NUMBER 12 DECEMBER 2016 COVER PHOTO: Aerial photograph of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle in Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia. Christiansen et al. (Ecosphere, Volume 7, Issue 10, Article e01468; doi: /ecs2.1468) assessed the body condition of humpback whales at a breeding/resting ground using aerial photographs and documented a linear decline in the body condition of mature whales and lactating females throughout the breeding season, while there was no change in body condition of immature whales and calves. Photo credit: Fredrik Christiansen Changes in community phylogenetic structure in a North American forest chronosequence. Abigail I. Pastore and Brendan P. Scherer Patterns of tree mortality in a temperate deciduous forest derived from a large forest dynamics plot. Erika Gonzalez-Akre, Victoria Meakem, Cheng-Yin Eng, Alan J. Tepley, Norman A. Bourg, William McShea, Stuart J. Davies, and Kristina Anderson-Teixeira Assessing interacting impacts of artisanal and recreational fisheries in a small Marine Protected Area (Portofino, NW Mediterranean Sea). Giulia Prato, Celine Barrier, Patrice Francour, Valentina Cappanera, Vasiliki Markantonatou, Paolo Guidetti, Luisa Mangialajo, Riccardo Cattaneo-Vietti, and Didier Gascuel Indirect effects and prey behavior mediate interactions between an endangered prey and recovering predator. L. C. Lee, J. C. Watson, R. Trebilco, and A. K. Salomon Special Feature: Science for Our National Parks Second Century Whitebark pine mortality related to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreak, and water availability. Erin Shanahan, Kathryn M. Irvine, David Thoma, Siri Wilmoth, Andrew Ray, Kristin Legg, and Henry Shovic Predicting conifer establishment post wildfire in mixed conifer forests of the North American Mediterraneanclimate zone. Kevin R. Welch, Hugh D. Safford, and Truman P. Young Drought events and their effects on vegetation productivity in China. Li Zhang, Jingfeng Xiao, Yu Zhou, Yi Zheng, Jing Li, and Han Xiao Structured decision making as a framework for large-scale wildlife harvest management decisions. Kelly F. Robinson, Angela K. Fuller, Jeremy E. Hurst, Bryan L. Swift, Arthur Kirsch, James Farquhar, Daniel J. Decker, and William F. Siemer Synthesis & Integration Early warning signals, nonlinearity, and signs of hysteresis in real ecosystems. Michael A. Litzow and Mary E. Hunsicker Non-native introductions influence fish body size distributions within a dryland river. Keith J. Fritschie and Julian D. Olden CONTINUES ON NEXT PAGE

4 Effects of biodiversity strengthen over time as ecosystem functioning declines at low and increases at high biodiversity. Sebastian T. Meyer, Anne Ebeling, Nico Eisenhauer, Lionel Hertzog, Helmut Hillebrand, Alexandru Milcu, Sven Pompe, Maike Abbas, Holger Bessler, Nina Buchmann, Enrica De Luca, Christof Engels, Markus Fischer, Gerd Gleixner, Anika Hudewenz, Alexandra-Maria Klein, Hans de Kroon, Sophia Leimer, Hannah Loranger, Liesje Mommer, Yvonne Oelmann, Janneke M. Ravenek, Christiane Roscher, Tanja Rottstock, Christoph Scherber, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Stefan Scheu, Bernhard Schmid, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Andrea Staudler, Tanja Strecker, Vicky Temperton, Teja Tscharntke, Anja Vogel, Winfried Voigt, Alexandra Weigelt, Wolfgang Wilcke, and Wolfgang W. Weisser Ecosystem resilience is evident 17 years after fire in Wyoming big sagebrush ecosystems. L. M. Ellsworth, D. W. Wrobleski, J. B. Kauffman, and S. A. Reis Special Feature: Biomarkers in Trophic Ecology Calibrating the time span of longitudinal biomarkers in vertebrate tissues when fine-scale growth records are unavailable. Tracey L. Rogers, Jeffery Fung, David Slip, Lisa Steindler, and Tamsin C. O Connell Article Can low-severity fire reverse compositional change in montane forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA? Kendall M. L. Becker and James A. Lutz Concepts & Theory Embracing variability in amino acid δ 15 N fractionation: mechanisms, implications, and applications for trophic ecology. Kelton W. McMahon and Matthew D. McCarthy Plant size affects mutualistic and antagonistic interactions and reproductive success across 21 Brassicaceae species. Hella Schlinkert, Catrin Westphal, Yann Clough, Ingo Grass, Juliane Helmerichs, and Teja Tscharntke Marine ecoregion and D eepwater Horizon oil spill affect recruitment and population structure of a salt marsh snail. Steven C. Pennings, Scott Zengel, Jacob Oehrig, Merryl Alber, T. Dale Bishop, Donald R. Deis, Donna Devlin, A. Randall Hughes, John J. Hutchens Jr., Whitney M. Kiehn, Caroline R. McFarlin, Clay L. Montague, Sean Powers, C. Edward Proffitt, Nicolle Rutherford, Camille L. Stagg, and Keith Walters Genetic engineering to eradicate invasive mice on islands: modeling the efficiency and ecological impacts. Gregory A. Backus and Kevin Gross Accessible light detection and ranging: estimating large tree density for habitat identification. Heather A. Kramer, Brandon M. Collins, Claire V. Gallagher, John J. Keane, Scott L. Stephens, and Maggi Kelly Caching rodents disproportionately disperse seed beneath invasive grass. Pacifica Sommers and Peter Chesson Biogeochemical drivers of Neotropical ant activity and diversity. Jelena Bujan, S. Joseph Wright, and Michael Kaspari Evaluating the influence of anthropogenic landscape change on wolf distribution: implications for woodland caribou. Libby P. W. Ehlers, Chris J. Johnson, and Dale R. Seip Can functional traits predict plant community response to global change? Sarah Kimball, Jennifer L. Funk, Marko J. Spasojevic, Katharine N. Suding, Scot Parker, and Michael L. Goulden Do novel ecosystems follow predictable trajectories? Testing the trophic surge hypothesis in reservoirs using fish. Katrine Turgeon, Christopher T. Solomon, Christian Nozais, and Irene Gregory-Eaves Potential carbon dioxide emission reductions from avoided grassland conversion in the northern Great Plains. Marissa Ahlering, Joseph Fargione, and William Parton Limited conifer regeneration following wildfires in dry ponderosa pine forests of the Colorado Front Range. Monica T. Rother and Thomas T. Veblen Fluvial biotopes influence macroinvertebrate biodiversity in South-East Asian tropical streams. Kate Baker, Michael A. Chadwick, Rafhiah Kahar, Zohrah Haji Sulaiman, and Rodzay A. Wahab CONTINUES ON NEXT PAGE

5 Using rarefaction to isolate the effects of patch size and sampling effort on beta diversity. Adrian C. Stier, Benjamin M. Bolker, and Craig W. Osenberg Effects of dams and geomorphic context on riparian forests of the Elwha River, Washington. Patrick B. Shafroth, Laura G. Perry, Chanoane A. Rose, and Jeffrey H. Braatne Special Feature: NEON Design Introduction to the sampling designs of the National Ecological Observatory Network Terrestrial Observation System. Andrea S. Thorpe, David T. Barnett, Sarah C. Elmendorf, Eve-Lyn S. Hinckley, David Hoekman, Katherine D. Jones, Katherine E. LeVan, Courtney L. Meier, Lee F. Stanish, and Katherine M. Thibault Outbreak of an undetected invasive species triggered by a climate anomaly. Jake R. Walsh, Samuel E. Munoz, and M. Jake Vander Zanden Patterns of red tree vole distribution and habitat suitability: implications for surveys and conservation planning. Daniel K. Rosenberg, Raymond J. Davis, Kelli J. Van Norman, Jeffrey R. Dunk, Eric D. Forsman, and Robert D. Huff Simulation of the effects of photodecay on long-term litter decay using DayCent. Maosi Chen, William J. Parton, E. Carol Adair, Shinichi Asao, Melannie D. Hartman, and Wei Gao Topographic and fire weather controls of fire refugia in forested ecosystems of northwestern North America. Meg A. Krawchuk, Sandra L. Haire, Jonathan Coop, Marc-André Parisien, Ellen Whitman, Geneva Chong, and Carol Miller Abiotic limitation and the C 3 hypothesis: isotopic evidence from G unnison s prairie dog during persistent drought. Charles L. Hayes, William A. Talbot, and Blair O. Wolf

6 AIMS & SCOPE The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online- only, open-access alternative to ESA s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned. OPEN ACCESS AND COPYRIGHT All articles published in Ecosphere are fully open access: immediately freely available to read, download and share. All Ecosphere articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License. Copyright on any article in Ecosphere is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Further information about copyright and the choice of open access licenses can be found at content/12f25db4c87/copyright License.html DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this journal are not necessarily those of the Publisher, the Ecological Society of America, the Governing Board, the Editor-in-Chief, or members of the Advisory and Editorial Boards. Those parties cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this journal. ESA Membership Information: visit Us for Customer Service ESA Members: tanya@esa.org Institutions/Libraries: cs-journals@wiley.com Subscription Agents: cs-agency@wiley.com Publications Staff Director of Publishing and Member Services: Steven Sayre, steve@esa.org Peer Review Manager: Ellen Cotter, ellen@esa.org Peer Review Manager: Anne Marie Whelan, annemarie@esa.org Peer Review Specialist: Jane L. Bain, jane@esa.org Peer Review Specialist: Heather Carlo, heather@esa.org Peer Review Assistant: Sarah Schneider, sarah@esa.org