PPA45xx series START UP GUIDE

Transcription

1 PPA45xx series START UP GUIDE Version th October 2018

2 CONTENTS Contents... Page.1 1. Getting Started... Page Unpacking and Contents... Page Handle Fitment... Pages Safety... Page Safety Instructions... Page Cautions... Page Warranty... Page.8 3. Front Panel Layout Diagram... Page Front Panel Display Key Functions... Pages Rear Panel Layout Diagram... Page Basic Key Operation... Page Set up to start... Page Setting the Time... Page Setting the Date... Page Adjusting the Screen Brightness... Page Adjusting Keyboard Beep... Page Setting User Data... Page Quick User Guide... Page Wiring... Pages Start Up... Page Zoom Functions... Analogue Output... Speed & Smoothing... Efficiency... Pages Page Pages Page Application Modes... Page PWM Motor Drive Mode... Pages Lighting Ballast Mode... Inrush Current Mode... Transformer Mode... Standby Power Mode... Calibration Mode... Oscilloscope Mode... Interharmonic Sweeps... HF Current Shunts / Rogowski Coil... Page.56 Pages Pages Pages Page.73 Pages Pages Pages Page 1

3 Remote Settings... Transferring Internal Datalogs to USB Memory Stick Data Logging to USB Memory Stick... Program Store / Recall / Delete... Repair / Recalibration... Basic Functionality Check... Specifications... PPA Comparison Table... Pages Pages Pages Pages Page.101 Page Page Page.123 Page 2

4 1 Getting Started 1.1 Unpacking When you receive your product, check that the following items are included for the appropriate PPA. Refer to the contents list below for each model. If any item is missing or damaged during transportation, immediately contact your local sales distributor or N4L office MODEL Mains Lead 4mm Yellow Lead 4mm Black Lead 4mm Red Lead CONTENTS Yellow Croc Clip Black Croc Clip Red Croc Clip N4L 2GB Memory Stick Start Up Guide Manual Comms Manual PPA PPA PPA Communication Cables USB RS232 Filtered USB 2.0 A male to B male 2m lead 9 pin to 9 pin null modem cable Page 3

5 1.2 Fitment of the PPA series Carry/Tilt handle PPA5/15/45/55 series power analyzers are supplied with a Carry/Tilt Handle that is located within the accessory pack... The handle allows a user to position the instrument upwards at one of two angles for easier viewing when the instrument is positioned below the line of sight. The design also allows storage under the unit without obstruction of the rubber feet so that instruments can be stacked and is easily removed to allow the connection of rack mounting brackets without the need to remove instrument covers. Correct installation of the handle is important to ensure the correct operation and long life the handle. The following pictures illustrate correct and incorrect handle fitment: Correct 1/2 Correct fitting is from the top of the unit as shown here Correct 1 Correct 2 A coloured dot for identification and alignment purposes can be found on the handle and mounting bush on the instrument Page 4

6 Correct 3 Correct 4 A correctly fitted handle will have the N4L Newtons4th wording in the correct reading plane when the handle is to the front of the instrument (Pic. 3) Also, a correctly fitted handle will allow storage under the unit (Pic. 4) Using the coloured dots for alignment will ensure a correctly fitting handle Incorrect 1 Incorrect 2 Fitting the handle from the bottom of the unit as shown here is wrong... (Incorrect 1) Incorrect fitting can be seen because the handle does not fit correctly under the unit and handle sides do not fit flush with the registration washer (Incorrect 2) Page 5

7 2 Safety 2.1 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS This equipment is designed to comply with BSEN (2001) (Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use) observe the following precautions: Ensure that the supply voltage agrees with the rating of the instrument printed on the back panel before connecting the mains cord to the supply This appliance must be earthed. Ensure that the instrument is powered from a properly grounded supply The inputs are rated at 1kV rms or dc cat II; 600V rms or dc cat III. Do not exceed the rated input Keep the ventilation holes on the underneath and rear free from obstruction There are no user serviceable parts inside the instrument do not attempt to open the instrument, refer service to the manufacturer or his appointed agent Note: Newtons4th Ltd shall not be liable for any consequential damages, losses, costs or expenses arising from the use or misuse of this product however caused Page 6

8 2.2 CAUTIONS Do not use a damaged power cord or cables Doing so may cause an electric shock or a fire Do not place any object on this instrument Do not use this instrument if faulty If you suspect the instrument to be faulty, contact your local N4L office or representative for repair (see section 8) Page 7

9 2.3 Warranty This product is guaranteed to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 36 months from the date of purchase In the unlikely event of a problem within this guarantee period, first contact Newtons4th Ltd or your local representative to give a description of the problem. Please have as much relative information to hand as possible particularly the serial number and release number these can be found by pressing the SYSTEM button then the Left Arrow If the problem cannot be resolved directly then you will be given an RMA number and asked to return the unit. The instrument will be repaired or replaced at the sole discretion of Newtons4 th Ltd This guarantee is limited to the cost of the PPA45xx itself and does not extend to any consequential damage or losses whatsoever including, but not limited to, any loss of earnings arising from a failure of the product or software In the event of any problem with the instrument outside of the guarantee period, Newtons4th Ltd offers a full repair and re-calibration service. Contact your local representative. It is recommended that the PPA45xx be re-calibrated annually Page 8

10 3 Front Panel Layout 1. Display Screen 2. Screen Display Function Buttons 3. Power Analyzer Mode Buttons 4. Handle 5. Measurement Control Function Keys 6. Rubber Feet 7. Menu Selection and Cursor Controls 8. Measurement Settings Buttons 9. Front USB Port 10. Power On / Off Button Page 9

11 3.1 PPA45xx Display Key Functions Key & Sub Categories ACQU Wiring: Single Phase 1 2 Phase 2 Wattmeter 3 Phase 2 Wattmeter 3 Phase 3 Wattmeter Single Phase 2 Single Phase 3 3 Phase 2 Wattmeter + PH3 Independent Description Acquisition Control: Used for configuring inputs appropriate to source and nature of signals being analyzed In single phase 1 configuration, (phase 2 & phase 3) inputs are disabled and the selected phase acts as a completely independent single phase power analyzer In the 2 phase 2 wattmeter configuration, the voltages are measured relative to each individual phase input, with a single frequency reference selected within the frequency reference parameter (see page 8) In the 3 phase 2 wattmeter configurations, the voltages are measured relative to phase 3. Typically the phase 1 voltage input is connected across phase 1 and phase 3, and phase 2 voltage input is connected across phase 2 and phase 3, thus measuring phase to phase voltage directly. Phase 1 and 2 current inputs are connected normally. There is no need to measure the current in phase 3 as phase 3 has no voltage relative to itself so the power contribution is zero. In this mode, the neutral channel displays the synthesized phase 3 current. The advantage of this connection method is that 3 phase power can be measured with only 2 wattmeters With the 3 phase 3 wattmeter configuration, each measurement phase is connected to a phase of the load with the voltage low inputs measuring to neutral. In this mode, phase to neutral voltages are measured directly and phase to phase voltages are also computed In single phase 2 mode, (phase 1 & phase 3) inputs are disabled and the selected phase acts as a completely independent single phase power analyzer In single phase 3 mode, (phase 1 & phase 2) inputs are disabled and the selected phase acts as a completely independent single phase power analyzer As above(3 phase, 2 wattmeter) but with the option to use PH3 as an independent meter i.e., use PH3 to measure a DC bus plus Phase s 2 & 3 to measure a 3 phase inverter output. PH3 can be set as an additional connection for Torque & Speed to supplement the existing "EXT" BNC connections on the rear panel. This mode essentially facilitates independent frequency synchronisation of PH3 In independent wiring mode each phase can be selected as an individual analyzer enabling the ability to select its own frequency, coupling ranging etc Page 10

12 Speed Very Slow Slow Medium Fast Very Fast Window In normal acquisition mode the window over which the measurements are computed is adjusted to give an integral number of cycles of the input waveform. The results from each window are passed through a smoothing filter. There are 5 pre set speed options that adjust the nominal size of the window, and therefore the update rate and time constant of the filter. Greater stability is achieved at a slower speed at the expense of a slower update rate Update rate = 10s. Results window size will update every 10 seconds Update rate = 2.5s. Results window size will update every 2.5 seconds Update rate = 1/3s. Results window size will update 3 times per second Update rate = 1/20s. Results window size will update 20 times per second Update rate = 1/80s. Results window size will update 80 times per second The window application will allow the user to input their own speed settings different to any of the 5 pre set settings above Smoothing Normal Slow None Smoothing filter will gather the data and average out over a sliding window time scale. This is very useful when gathering data which could be affected by noise. Each speed above has its own time constant for filtering and data updates With Normal smoothing applied the following update windows will apply to the relevant speed selected. V.Fast =0.05s, Fast = 0.2s, Medium = 1.5s, Slow = 12s, V.Slow = 48s With Slow smoothing selected all results are X4 greater than in normal smoothing mode With no smoothing to computed results the data update will be dictated by the speed only Page 11

13 Smoothing Response Auto Reset Fixed Time The smoothing response is by default set to auto reset where the filtering described in smoothing is reset in response to a significant change in data such as frequency, voltage and current levels. This speeds up the response of the instrument to changing conditions Auto reset can be disabled so that the filtering has a fixed time constant, which would have an exponential response to a step change, this is useful for PWM inverter drive evaluation where variable frequency tracking is required Frequency Reference Voltage Current Speed Input AC line The frequency may be measured from any of the following inputs: Select Voltage to detect frequency from the input voltage Select Current to detect frequency from the input current Select speed input to frequency detection to set frequency via speed input BNC Select ac line to read frequency from the ac line input, measured from power inlet to PPA Frequency Reference On a multi-phase instrument, any channel may be selected for the frequency measurement Phase 1 Select this option to detect frequency from phase 1 Phase 2 Select this option to detect frequency from phase 2 Phase 3 Select this option to detect frequency from phase 3 Phase Angle Reference Voltage Current Phase angle measurements must be made with reference to a specific input Phase 1 voltage is by default set as the input reference channel The phase angle reference can be set to current which is useful if operating the instrument with only current inputs, or with low level voltage inputs Page 12

14 Frequency Filter Off On A parallel digital frequency filter of low-pass may be selected to filter out the HF carrier component of a PWM waveform ensuring measurements are carried out on the fundamental frequency, further filter settings for PWM waveforms can be found within the APP/PWM section No frequency filter selected Switches On frequency filter (4kHz) Low Frequency Off On Normal frequency measurement is from 5Hz upwards so that there is not a very long delay if measuring dc. There is a low frequency option that extends the frequency measurement down to 20mHz. This low frequency option also applies a digital filter, which can be useful when measuring in a low frequency, noisy environment Select to switch this mode Off Select to switch this mode On ADVANCED OPTIONS DFT Selectivity Normal Narrow Analysis of the fundamental component uses a DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) algorithm. The selectivity of the DFT analysis is a compromise between noise rejection of frequencies close to the frequency of the fundamental component and the required stability of the frequency component Default settings for the fundamental calculations Selecting narrow increases the selectivity of the DFT analysis (reducing the effective bandwidth at each component) which has the effect of improving the noise rejection. It does however require that the frequency of the fundamental component is more stable Ignore Overload Off On In a noisy application any spikes present on the signal may push the instrument onto a higher range than is necessary for the signal being measured. If the nature of the spurious spikes are such that they do not contribute to the measurement and can safely be ignored then the range can be manually set to the appropriate range for the signal to be measured and the instrument can be told to ignore any overload. If using this mode it is wise to check the signal on the oscilloscope to be sure that the signal being measured is not genuinely over range Select to switch this mode Off Select to switch this mode On Page 13

15 Frequency Lock Normal Constant Dynamic In a very noisy application, where the frequency of the signal is known but the instrument is unable to measure the frequency even with PWM filters or low frequency mode filters applied, it is possible to manually enter the frequency to be used for analysis Utilises N4L unique signal processing techniques for fundamental frequency synchronisation including hysteresis to increase frequency noise immunity Constant selection will allow the user to overwrite the present measured frequency with the known frequency. This entered frequency is then used for all the analysis and the frequency of the input signal is not measured As per Normal without hysteresis. This option should not be used when DC only coupling is selected in the Coupling menu. High Speed Disabled Enabled High speed mode can be selected for data log speeds less than 100ms Disable high speed function Activate high speed data log function COUPLING Coupling ac + dc ac dc There are three coupling options - AC only, AC+DC, or DC only. AC+DC coupling is the default option and should be used where possible. AC coupling should be used for measuring signals that are biased on a dc level (such as an amplifier operating on a single supply or the output of a dc PSU). DC coupling should be selected when making DC measurements as it prevents noise from resetting the frequency measurement algorithm. The coupling option does not affect the bandwidth of the instrument only the frequency detection Will allow both ac and dc signals to be calculated in all measurements AC Coupling only allows ac signals to be measured and will filter out all dc components DC coupling should be selected when making DC measurements as it prevents noise from resetting the frequency measurement algorithm, the bandwidth of the instrument is not affected. When DC coupling is selected Dynamic Frequency lock has no meaning and so should not be used. Page 14

16 Bandwidth Wide (dc - 2MHz) HC Version (dc 1MHz) Low (dc - 200KHz) dc (dc 5Hz) The bandwidth setting dictates the frequency range of the instrument. This selection sets an inline analogue filter as per the selection Wide bandwidth will offer the full range of frequency components available for analysis Low bandwidth may be useful in noisy applications for example where there are switching spikes superimposed on the waveform of interest. The switching spikes may push the input channels onto a higher range than is necessary for the measurement. Selecting low bandwidth puts a hardware filter in the analogue input path to eliminate unwanted high frequency components The DC only bandwidth option applies a dc-accurate low pass filter of around 10Hz to reduce the ac signal. This is particularly useful when accurately measuring the dc content of an ac waveform such as the output of a UPS (uninterruptible Power Supply). A 50Hz or 60Hz ac signal would not be removed entirely so that the measurement may still be synchronised to the waveform, but the amplitude would be greatly reduced so that the instrument would be on a more appropriate range for the dc component Page 15

17 Noise Filter Off On In signal processing, a FILTER is a device or process that removes from a signal some unwanted component or feature. The noise filter is a digitally selectable in line filter which will alter the bandwidth of the processed signal Select to switch this mode off Select to switch this mode on The following screenshots are taken from the Scope display with the PPA set in PWM application mode Noise filter set to OFF the scope display shows a PWM switching Voltage waveform with noise distortion Noise filter activated and bandwidth set to 1KHz the Voltage waveform is now displayed and is smoother and more sinusoidal Page 16

18 RANGE Input channel options Voltage Input Internal External Attenuator (for connection to a HF shunt)...etc The internal voltage attenuator selects the 4mm connections on the rear of the instrument and has a max input of 3000Vpk An External Sensor / Shunt can be connected to the instrument which will give the operator more versatility in selecting the Input range required. Note: if this option is selected then the resulting data is scaled by the appropriate value within the attenuator and scale factor sub section. Max input of 3Vpk Autoranging Full Autorange Range up only Manual Default setting. Full autoranging will be selected and implemented within the instrument Selecting this option will allow the test being carried out to find the highest range via peak detection and hold on this range. Once this value has been found another test can be carried out by pressing the "Trigger" button which will restart from the minimum value set parameter use for "Low Frequency measurements Selecting this option will allow the user to set up the range from the configured measurements available, this is useful for inrush testing when a mid-analysis range change is not desirable Minimum Range 1V 3V 10V 30V 100V 300V 1Kv 3Kv Pre set Input Voltage minimum range Minimum Input Voltage range will not be below 1v Minimum Input Voltage range will not be below 3v Minimum Input Voltage range will not be below 10v Minimum Input Voltage range will not be below 30v Minimum Input Voltage range will not be below 100v Minimum Input Voltage range will not be below 300v Minimum Input Voltage range will not be below 1Kv Minimum Input Voltage range will not be below 3Kv Scale Factor Manually set the scale factor required, normally used in conjunction with current transformers Page 17

19 Current Input Internal External Shunt The internal current shunt selects the 4mm connections on the rear of the instrument. Max Apk is dependent upon model type; LC (10A rms), Standard (30A rms) or HC (50Arms) An External Shunt can be connected to the instrument which will give the operator more versatility in selecting the Input range required. Note: if this option is selected then the resulting data is scaled by the appropriate value within the scale factor and shunt value sub section Autoranging Full Autorange Range up only Manual Default setting. Full autoranging will be selected and implemented within the instrument Selecting this option will allow the test being carried out to find the highest range via peak detection and hold on this range. Once this value has been found another test can be carried out by pressing the "Trigger" button which will restart from the minimum value set parameter Selecting this option will allow the user to set up the minimum range from the configured measurements available Minimum Range 10mA LC Version Only 30mA LC 100mA LC, SC 300mA LC, SC, HC Pre set current input minimum range Minimum Input Current range will not be below 10mA Minimum Input Current range will not be below 30mA Minimum Input Current range will not be below 100mA Minimum Input Current range will not be below 300mA 1A LC, SC, HC Minimum Input Current range will not be below 1A 3A LC, SC, HC Minimum Input Current range will not be below 3A 10A LC, SC, HC Minimum Input Current range will not be below 10A 30A LC, SC, HC Minimum Input Current range will not be below 30A 100A SC, HC Minimum Input Current range will not be below 100A 300A SC, HC Minimum Input Current range will not be below 300A 1000A HC Version Only Minimum Input Current range will not be below 1000A Scale Factor Manually set the scale factor required DC offset Used to trim out DC offset commonly found on external current transducers Page 18

20 DATALOG Datalog Disabled RAM Internal Flash USB memory stick Interrogation and extraction of information resulting from a test log in a specified time scale and at a set speed No memory selected Instruments internal memory selected for data storage, this offers the fastest performance Utilises 200MB internal memory External USB memory stick selected for data storage APP Mode Normal Default Settings PWM Motor Drive Default Settings Frequency Filter Frequency Reference Low Frequency Torque + Speed Efficiency Application function to be selected Using the Normal Application the default settings within the instrument will be applied to all measurements, useful for general measurements All default parameters will be selected when ENTER is pressed The nature of the waveforms in a PWM motor drive application makes measurement of the fundamental frequency difficult. The application mode for PWM motor drives applies a selectable filter which is a parallel digital filter and will not affect the bandwidth of the instrument; it is only used for frequency detection. The best filter to use for a given application should be selected by experiment. The filter does not change the measured data at all. PWM application mode also allows torque and speed to be simultaneously measured so that efficiency can be computed All default parameters will be selected when ENTER is pressed Pre selectable filter options 64Hz, 250Hz, 1KHz, 4KHz, 16KHz, 64KHz, 250KHz Select which parameter frequency reference will be detected from input signal Can be selected as On or Off if On is selected manually enter the minimum frequency required Power Measurement function can be set to disabled or enable to measure the desired function from analogue, pulsed speed, pulsed torque, or pulsed. Once enabled a scale factor / offset will require setting in relation to either Voltage or Frequency (Not applicable to the PPA4510) Efficiency can be measured between selected channels from the drop down menu Page 19

21 Lighting Ballast Default Settings Frequency Tracking Efficiency Inrush Current Default Settings Minimum Range Auxiliary Device Electronic lighting ballast waveforms consist of a high frequency carrier signal modulated by the line frequency. The instrument measures the line frequency independently of the input waveform frequency and synchronises the measurement period to the line frequency. The carrier frequency measurement ignores any "dead band" around the zero crossing of the ac line to compute the actual switching frequency of the ballast. Both the frequency measured on the input waveform and the frequency of the line input is displayed, the output of the ballast should always be connected to Phase 1 All default parameters will be selected when ENTER is pressed Selectable tracking speed from drop down menu (Not applicable to the PPA4510) Efficiency can be measured between selected channels from the drop down menu Inrush current (surge) requires very fast sampling to catch the highest instantaneous value. Measurements must be made under conditions of manual ranging and with the voltage applied to the instrument. Then when the load is switched on the highest peak value can be detected. If the peak current is unknown then a minimum of two tests should be performed, one to set the range and a second test to capture the inrush current All default parameters will be selected when ENTER is pressed Select the minimum current range applicable from the drop down menu Allows PCIS inrush switch to be used for measurement of Inrush Current. If selected phase offset and waveform cycle for results will require setting Page 20

22 Transformer Mode Default Settings Temperature Standby Power Default Settings Low Frequency Calibration Default AC Settings Default DC Settings Frequency Filter Large power transformers operate at very low power factor (<0.01) and the phase accuracy is critical to measure the losses. Power transformer application mode sets the configuration options to the optimum for phase accuracy e.g. AC+DC coupling range lock across phases. The temperature can be monitored at the same time by connecting a suitable temperature sensor to the torque BNC input All default parameters will be selected when ENTER is pressed Temperature mode can be disabled or selected to measure ⁰ C or ⁰ F via a suitable temperature sensor connected to the Torque BNC input In order to minimise standby power, some devices operate in a dormant mode whereby power is only drawn from the supply when needed. These devices draw very little current for most of the time and then draw a larger current for a single cycle to charge a reservoir capacitor. This pattern is repeated on an irregular basis. Most of the power consumed by devices in this mode is taken in the periodic higher current cycles so to accurately measure the power drawn by these devices; the instrument synchronises to the power frequency for the analysis but extends the measurement window to the irregular period of higher energy pulses. Because the instrument samples in true real time without any gaps, no data is missed and every power cycle is captured. It is important that ranging is set to manual or up only autoranging so that the power cycles are not missed while ranging All default parameters will be selected when ENTER is pressed Select On or Off if low frequency filter is required This mode is used when calibrating the instrument with N4L software Select to calibrate AC Select to calibrate DC Frequency synchronisation for calibration gives more accuracy at low levels, applies to AC only Page 21

23 Maths Formula Disabled (term1 + term2) / (term3 + term4) (term1 + term2) x (term3 / term4) (term1 x term2) / (term3 + term4) (term1 + term2 + term3) / term4 No maths formula is selected Sum of (term1 + term2) divided by sum of (term3 + term4) Sum of (term1 + term2) multiplied by sum of (term3 term4) Sum of (term1 x term2) divided by sum of (term3 + term4) Sum of (term1 + term2 + term3) divided by term4 Note: Selection of TERMS is via the zoom order selections (see section 6.3) Alarm Alarm 1 Data Zoom 1 Zoom 2 Zoom 3 Zoom 4 Alarm on selected parameter and thresholds Zoom 1 parameter selected for alarm threshold Zoom 2 parameter selected for alarm threshold Zoom 3 parameter selected for alarm threshold Zoom 4 parameter selected for alarm threshold Alarm Type (Alarm 1) Disabled Linear Alarm if high Alarm if low Outside window Inside window No alarm Frequency of beep increases linearly as value reaches its limit Alarm will sound if values exceed a threshold Alarm will sound if values fall below a threshold Alarm will sound if values are outside a permitted window setting Alarm will sound if values are within a permitted window setting Alarm 2 Data Zoom 1 Zoom 2 Zoom 3 Zoom 4 Alarm on selected parameter and thresholds Zoom 1 parameter selected for alarm threshold Zoom 2 parameter selected for alarm threshold Zoom 3 parameter selected for alarm threshold Zoom 4 parameter selected for alarm threshold Alarm Type (Alarm 2) Disabled Alarm if high Alarm if low Outside window Inside window No alarm Alarm will sound if values exceed a threshold Alarm will sound if values fall below a threshold Alarm will sound if values are outside a permitted window setting Alarm will sound if values are within a permitted window setting Page 22

24 Analogue Output Disabled Zoom 1 Zoom 2 Zoom 3 Zoom 4 Manual No analogue output Set an analogue output voltage representative of zoom 1 Set an analogue output voltage representative of zoom 2 Set an analogue output voltage representative of zoom 3 Set an analogue output voltage representative of zoom 4 Set a constant analogue output voltage REMOTE Resolution Normal High Binary Press to set the data resolution and change the format to which the instrument responds to future commands, via Comms interface Data Resolution set to 5 decimal points Data Resolution set to 6 decimal points Data transmitted in Binary Format Interface RS232 USB LAN GPIB Communications type between instrument and pc RS232 Comms interface USB Comms interface LAN Comms interface GPIB Comms interface optional on the PPA45xx Recall with Program Off On When enabled recalls communication port settings from any stored memory location Turn OFF this option Turn ON this option Screen Print Disabled RS232 USB Memory Stick No Screen print option selected Print screen via RS232 Cable i.e. to printer Print screen directly onto USB memory stick Page 23

25 AUX Master / Slave Disabled Master Slave Simple Slave Auxiliary Device None PCIS Inrush Switch Select if 2 x PPA45xx units are to be used as a PPA45 40/50/60 Master / Slave configuration disabled Select to set PPA45xx as master unit within 4-6 phase configuration Select to set PPA45xx as slave unit within 4-6 phase configuration In simple slave mode the results window is not synchronised between the 2 units, the master unit will only ask the slave unit for the results from the Watts measurement No Auxiliary device connected Phase Controlled Inrush Switch is an active device which is controlled over the extension port within the instrument. It accurately synchronises to the line input, measures the frequency and switches on the output at a precise phase angle selected from the instruments front panel. Useful for testing inrush current of ballasts SYS Set Clock Set Date Display Colour White on Black Black on White Manual Setting Required. Use Numerical Keys Manual Setting of Date and Year, Month settings are preset Display data will be in colour Display data will be displayed as white font on black background Display data will be displayed as black font on white background Brightness Low High Screen brightness set to Low Screen brightness set to High Phase Convention Measurements of Phase can be expressed in one of three formats: -180⁰ to +180⁰ Commonly used in circuit analysis 0⁰ to -360⁰ Commonly used in power applications 0⁰ to +360⁰ Select as required Page 24

26 Keyboard Beep Disabled Enabled Audible sound when keys are pressed Audible sound disabled Audible sound activated Autozero Autozero Manual Periodically re-zero s input to prevent drift, useful for long periods of DC analysis Unit will only zero inputs if Zero is pressed by user Program 1-6 Direct Load Disabled Enabled Program 1-6 may be recalled with a direct press of the function keys (POWER, INTEG etc) Function will be disabled Function will be enabled Zoom 2 High Resolution Disabled Enabled The data displayed in zoom 2 may be displayed to one digit greater resolution than normal, this is particularly useful when measuring phase at power line frequencies Function will be disabled Function will be enabled Independent Ranging Disabled Enabled This allows the user to set different scale factors and select independently internal / external shunts separately on each phase Function will be disabled Function will be enabled Low Value Blanking Disabled Enabled Low value blanking will zero to display values under the following conditions Input Signal Peak < 45% of RNG 1 < 25% of RNG 2 < 15% of all other ranges Function will be disabled Function will be enabled System Information Serial Number Manufacturing Code Main Release DSP Release FPGA Release Boot Release Last Calibration The information given in this section cannot be changed by the user Instruments unique serial number Code attributed to build date of instrument Current firmware release installed in instrument Digital Signal Processing release version Field Programmable Gate Array release version Release version of Instruments boot up firmware Instruments last calibration date Page 25

27 User Data Supervisor Access User Data User Data User Data Save Enable or Disable Manually enter company name Manually enter individual or company Manually enter unique ID for instrument Save all above settings MODE True RMS Voltmeter Phase meter Power Analyzer Impedance Meter Power Integrator Harmonic Analyzer Oscilloscope The RMS voltmeter displays the additional secondary parameters of ac, crest factor, surge, mean and form factor The phase meter mode is a secondary function which does not have a separate button. The phase meter uses the terminology of channel 1 for voltage and channel 2 for current as it is normal to use a phase meter to compare voltages directly. The phase meter measures the phase and gain of channel 2 relative to channel 1 using a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) algorithm at the fundamental frequency In the POWER mode, the analyzer measures power values for each phase The IMP mode on the PPA uses the real and imaginary components at the fundamental frequency using DFT analysis to compute the impedance of the load and associated parameters In the INTEG mode, the PPA will compute additional power values within a Datalog and display them relative to time (total power) The HARM mode of the PPA computes multiple DFTs on the input waveforms in real time. There are two modes of operation: difference THD, and series harmonics. Series harmonic mode includes options for THD, TIF, THF, TRD, TDD and phase. There is also an option of a series harmonic bargraph display which shows both the voltage and current harmonics simultaneously. In difference THD mode, the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) is computed from the rms and fundamental: In series THD mode, the THD is computed from a series of up to 100 harmonics The PPA provides a storage oscilloscope function in order to view the waveforms being measured Page 26

28 PROG Memory Internal Flash USB Memory Stick Data Program Results Datalog Program Store / Recall Options Instruments internal memory utilised to store or recall data to/from External USB memory stick utilised to store or recall data to/from Upload or download a program Upload or download results Upload or download Datalog Action Recall Store Delete Recall any Data selections from above Store any Data selections from above Delete any Data selections from above Location Name Execute 999 selectable locations for data to be; stored, recalled or deleted from Allows user to name data within location Press to execute any change made to any parameter within PROG mode Memory Status Status of memory in either Internal or USB configuration ZOOM + Increase font size on selected parameters on display screen ZOOM - Decrease font size on selected parameters on display screen REAL TIME Press Real Time to return to the display screen and see all data in real time. Pressing the real time button will also put the display screen into hold mode TABLE Press Table to view results either during or at the completion of a Datalog in tabular format, this is also the default screen whilst Datalog is running GRAPH Press Graph during Datalog to view plotted data points whilst log is in process, or view graph plots once Datalog is complete. Press GRAPH to move through screen display options Page 27

29 POWER INTEG Direct button to Power Analyzer mode functions Direct button to Power Integrator mode functions HARM Direct button to Harmonic Analyzer mode functions RMS Direct button to True RMS Voltmeter mode functions IMP Direct button to Impedance Analyzer mode functions SCOPE Direct button to Scope mode where waveforms can be viewed from measurements being taken. The left and right directional arrows will allow the time base to be changed and the up and down arrows will allow the trigger level to be set START Start button will start any Datalog. Is also the button used to initialise a screen dump of any data displayed onto a USB memory stick STOP Stop button will stop any Datalog ZERO Zero button will reset the inputs to zero TRIGGER Trigger returns display screen back to real time from a hold command. Also triggers a single shot in SCOPE mode, all trigger settings can be found by pressing the scope button whilst in SCOPE mode ENTER / NEXT (Dual use button) Enter / Next will enable the user to confirm any configurations they have set within the menu's and will scroll through the display screen to view all individual phase screens or all phases together DELETE / BACK (Dual use button) Delete / Back will enable the user to delete any inputted data or scroll back through any results screens HOME / ESC (Dual use button) Home / Esc will enable the user to return to the home page once data within parameters have been adjusted and entered, or will escape from any screen view and return to the selected mode's home screen Page 28

30 Rear Panel Layout 1. Voltage & Current External Analogue Inputs 2. Voltage & Current Internal Inputs 3. Mains Supply Inlet 4. Communication Ports 5. Auxiliary Ports 6. Master / Slave Connection Port Page 29

31 5 Basic Key Operations This chapter is designed to help the user familiarise themselves with the instrument by setting up some basic functions 5.1 SET UP FOR POWER ON Install Equipment Plug in and turn on power Installation of Equipment Power Supply Connection 5.2 SETTING THE TIME Power Analyzer Default Screen Appears Press SYS Key System Option Screen Opens Press Key Flashing Red Cursor will surround Hrs Use Numerical Keys Press Enter Key Set Hours within cursor Hours in clock now set Press Key Flashing Red Cursor moves to Minutes Use Numerical Keys Press Enter Key Set Minutes within cursor Minutes in clock now set Press Key Flashing Red Cursor moves to Seconds Use Numerical Keys Press Enter Key Set Seconds within cursor Clock settings will now be complete Page 30

32 5.3 SET THE DATE Press Key Flashing Red Cursor moves to Date Use Numerical keys Press Enter Key Set Date within Flashing Box Numerical Day of Month is set Press Key Flashing Red Cursor moves to Month Press Key Month Calendar Opens Press Key Select Month to be entered Press Enter Key Month will be set Press Key Flashing Red Cursor moves to Year Use Numerical Keys Press Enter Key Set Year within Cursor Date will now be Set 5.4 ADJUSTING THE BRIGHTNESS Press Key Flashing Red Cursor moves to Brightness Press Key Changes between High or Low option Press Enter Key Screen Brightness will now be set 5.5 ADJUST KEYBOARD BEEP Press Key Twice Red cursor moves to Keyboard beep Press Key Changes between Enable / Disable option Press Enter Key Keyboard beep now set Page 31

33 Now that you have familiarised yourself with the instruments keypad we can complete this section by filling in the User Data Information 5.6 USER DATA Press SYS Key System option screen opens Press Key User settings screen appears Press Key Red cursor moves to supervisor access Press Key Changes between Enable / Disable option Press Enter Key Supervisor access selected Press Key Red cursor moves to User Data Use Numerical Keys Press Enter Key On this line we can enter a Company Name Company Name now set Press Key Red Cursor moves to User Data Use Numerical Keys Press Enter Key Enter an Individual Name or Department Name / Department now set Press Key Red cursor moves to User Data Use Numerical Keys Press Enter Key Enter a Unique ID for the instrument User Data now set Press Key Red cursor moves to Save Press Enter Key All User Data details will be saved Page 32

34 6 PPA45xx Quick User Guide N4L Power Analyzers cover 1 to 3 phase applications in one instrument depending upon the model and up to 12 phases via N4L s PPALoG software application in both low and high current models. Each phase input has wide ranging voltage and current channels which are fully isolated from each other and from ground. The voltage and current inputs are simultaneously sampled and the data is analyzed in real time by a high speed DSP (digital signal processor). A separate CPU (central processing unit) takes the DSP results for display and communications. At the heart of the system is an FPGA (field programmable gate array) that interfaces the various elements. This powerful, versatile structure allows the measurement of a wide range of power related parameters. 6.1 WIRING Care must be taken when connecting up the instrument. Remember to configure the Voltage and Current inputs as per the diagrams shown Current in Series (Hi in, Low out) Voltage in Parallel Single Phase Configuration HI ACH1 LO L N HI VCH1 LO L O A D L N HI VCH1 LO L O A D LO ACH1 HI Page 33

35 Two Phase Two Wattmeter Configuration HI ACH1 LO N L L HI VCH1 LO LO VCH2 HI L O A D L O A D L O A D HI ACH2 LO Three Phase Two Wattmeter Configuration Three Phase Source Ph1 Ph2 HI HI ACH1 ACH2 LO LO VCH1 HI VCH2 HI Ph1 Ph2 Three Phase Load or Ph3 LO LO Ph3 or Three Phase Three Wattmeter - simulated neutral configuration Three Phase Source or Ph1 Ph2 Ph3 HI HI HI ACH1 ACH2 ACH3 LO LO LO HI HI HI VCH1 VCH2 VCH3 LO LO LO Ph1 Ph2 Ph3 Three Phase Load or Page 34

36 Three Phase Three Wattmeter Star Connections Three Ph1 HI ACH1 LO Ph1 Three Phase Source or Ph2 Ph3 N HI HI ACH2 ACH3 LO LO HI HI HI VCH1 VCH2 VCH3 LO LO LO Ph2 Ph3 N Phase Load or To configure PPA45xx to calculate the correct phase power when the Load topology is in a Star Configuration; Access Power Analyzer mode either through the Mode or the POWER button as per the screenshot below Press Press Press 7 times until red box surrounds conversion to open up dropdown menu selections until red box surrounds star-delta Press ENTER to confirm selection Page 35

37 Three Phase Three Wattmeter Delta Connections Three Ph1 HI ACH1 LO Ph1 Three Phase Ph2 HI ACH2 LO Ph2 Phase Source or Ph3 HI ACH3 LO HI LO HI LO HI LO VCH1 VCH2 VCH3 Ph3 Load or To configure PPA45xx to calculate the correct phase power when the Load topology is in a Delta Configuration; Access Power Analyzer mode either through the Mode or the POWER button as per the screenshot below Press Press Press 7 times until red box surrounds conversion to open up dropdown menu selections until red box surrounds delta star Press ENTER to confirm selection Page 36

38 6.2 START UP Once connected, power on the instrument and the analyzers factory default settings from memory location 0 will be displayed as shown, Note these can be altered to your own desired settings (see the User Data section under System Options, section 6 of the main user guide, downloadable from the N4L website) Within the Power screen you will notice 2 sets of measurements Total and Fundamental Total Measurements Fundamental Measurements Total Measurements = Fundamental + Harmonics + Noise Fundamental = Fundamental Power Measurements (All Distortion Removed) Each measurement mode is pre-configured to display relevant parameters. Up to 4 functions can be selected and zoomed in. These can be viewed within 3 zoom screens, the Zoom function is described in the next section of this manual Page 37

39 6.3 ZOOM FUNCTION Within the Power screen you are able to select up to 4 measurements that can be made more prominent from the rest, these can be selected and changed by the user as required To select or change any zoom measurement Action Press ZOOM- Press ZOOM+ Press DELETE Result All measurement parameters revert to same size Red boxes will flash around currently selected zoom parameters Red Boxes will disappear replaced by 1 white flashing box Press Keys Move Box to desired measurement parameter to be zoomed Press ENTER Measurement will be selected Press Keys Move Box to next desired measurement parameter to be zoomed Press ENTER Measurement will be selected Continue until all measurements you require are selected, up to a maximum of 4 By pressing the ZOOM+ or ZOOM- button you can now alter the on screen display to show a different configuration of the selected measurements Page 38

40 Zoom + Press Zoom+ to display the 4 selected zoomed measurements as shown Note: These will be displayed in the order they were selected Pressing Zoom+ again will display only the first 3 selected zoomed measurements as shown Press ZOOM- button to revert real time display back to all measurement parameters Page 39

41 6.3.1 ANALOGUE (ANALOG) OUTPUT The Analogue Output BNC connector is located on the rear of the instrument. The output voltage (max ±10V) can be controlled using the ALARM functions to generate a voltage representative of Zoom 1-4 measurements or a manual level. The Voltage present at the Analogue Output can be calculated using this formula: Analogue Output = 10V x (measured zero) / (full scale zero) Measured is the value measured on the instrument. Zero and Full Scale are user defined values. In the following example a 2V Peak 50Hz signal will be monitored by the Power Analyzer. The frequency will be adjustable by +/-2Hz. Therefore in the above formula Zero will be 50 and Full Scale will be 52. With a Full scale value of +/-2Hz, the Analogue Output will vary between -10V at 48Hz up to +10V at 52Hz. The Analogue Output Voltage will be 0V when the frequency is 50Hz. Zoom 1 in the Alarm menus will be used to control the voltage levels on the Analogue Output. Connections Connect the input signal to Phase 1 on the PPA and connect the Analogue output to Phase 2. In this example a 2.00V Peak 50Hz input signal was used. PPA Settings Using the ZOOM buttons select frequency for Zoom 1. Other parameters can also be selected but for this example Zoom 1 must be set to frequency. Page 40

42 Press the SYS button and enable Independent Ranging. Press the COUPLING button and set Phase 2 coupling to DC. Press the ALARM button and set the Analog output option to ZOOM 1. Page 41

43 This will display the Analogue Output settings. Enter a value of 50 for Analogue Zero. Enter a value of 52 for Analogue Full Scale. Press the HOME/ESC button to return to the Power Analyzer display. Press the ENTER / NEXT button 4 times to display all phases at the same time. Page 42

44 Results Phase 1 on the PPA display indicates the Frequency and RMS voltage levels of the signal being monitored. Phase 2 indicates the voltage present on the Analogue Output connector on the rear of the PPA. Phase 3 is not used. Example 1. The Input signal frequency was set to 50.5Hz. The frequency displayed on the PPA was Hz. Analogue Output = 10V x (measured zero) / (full scale zero) Analogue Output = 10V x ( ) / (52-50) = 2.56V Example 2. The Input signal frequency was set to 51.5Hz. The frequency displayed on the PPA was Hz. Analogue Output = 10V x (measured zero) / (full scale zero) Analogue Output = 10V x ( ) / (52-50) = 7.54V Page 43

45 6.4 SPEED AND SMOOTHING PPA45xx Quick User Guide Within this section we will look at how the speed and smoothing parameters set within the Acquisition menu affect the measurement results NOTE: All measurement windows must have an integral number of cycles within it to calculate correct RMS and Harmonics Input = 50Hz Sine Wave Amplitude = 1Vpk & 2Vpk range The first sets of results are from a Datalog conducted with NO smoothing selected thus the data update will be dictated by the speed parameter only Speed set to medium = 3 updates per second 50Hz input signal = 50 cycles worth of data points per second recorded, analyzed, adjusted and displayed within 3 update windows Displayed left is the graph showing the Datalog results with no smoothing present and the input amplitude switching between 1Vpk and 2Vpk from this graph it is clear that as soon as the amplitude is increased or decreased then the next available update will show this change Page 44

46 The table of results displayed are in relation to the previous graph; and we can see that the voltage step is immediately recorded after 0:01:17 The next sets of screenshots are for the same set up but with smoothing activated Selecting smoothing will take the data and apply the equivalent of a single pole low pass filter with an RC time constant relative to the selection mode dependent upon the speed selected We have selected SLOW smoothing with a medium speed giving us a sliding window of 48 seconds Smoothing response can be set to Auto Reset where the instrument will reset the filtering in response to any significant change in data Fixed Time can be selected to correspond with the speed and smoothing parameters and will override auto-reset so that the smoothing is not reset when the frequency changes etc Page 45

47 The resulting graph and results table with smoothing applied are displayed below; The displays above show how with smoothing applied, the data is smoothed out over the resultant timescale and displaying an intermediate value for every update window during the step between the two peak voltage values Note: each speed parameter has its own time constant for smoothing and data updates as shown in the table below Speed Update Rate: (speed only) Normal Smoothing: applicable to relevant speed Slow Smoothing: applicable to relevant speed Very Slow 10s 48s 196s Slow 2.5s 12s 48s Medium 0.333s 1.5s 6s Fast 0.05s 0.2s 0.8s Very Fast s 0.05s 0.2s Window Manually Input speed setting different to 5 pre selected one s above Page 46

48 6.4.1 EFFICIENCY The Efficiency mode will compute and compare the data results from any of the configurations shown within the screenshot below To select the Efficiency parameter from any application mode. Access the Power Analyzer home screen and press POWER this will take you into a sub menu. Scroll down to the efficiency parameter and press this will open up all available configurations as shown Use the buttons to move through the configurations and press ENTER to select and confirm Press HOME to return to the Power Analyzer display screen The results will then be displayed at the end of the Power Analyzer home screen as shown Page 47

49 6.5 APPLICATION MODES Within this section we will look at all the different application modes selectable from within the PPA45xx APP MENU, with the aid of screenshots and instructions. To select your measurement application you will need to activate the APP button. Use the down arrow to select mode / function then press the right arrow to open up the drop down menu In the following sub sections we will look into and describe how each application mode is set up and configured to enable the user to get the maximum benefit from the PPA45xx Page 48

50 6.5.1 PWM MOTOR DRIVE MODE The nature of the waveforms produced in a PWM motor drive application makes measurement of the fundamental frequency difficult. In this section we will look at the switching and fundamental frequencies and how frequency lock and filters will allow the correct measurements to be displayed on such a complex waveform Test device: 1 x Inverter/Motor test unit (set at 65Hz) Leaving the PPA45xx in normal app mode take note of the frequency measurement In normal app mode the PPA45xx is locking onto a switching frequency / high frequency noise of 4 KHz with no filtering applied. This can be used as a guide when selecting a frequency filter from within the PWM motor drive application Page 49

51 To access PWM motor drive mode: Press APP button Press Key Red Box will surround Mode Press Key. This will open the drop down menu selections Press Key until red box surrounds PWM motor drive Press ENTER this will now set the mode Press Key Red Box will now surround Default Settings Press ENTER When default settings have been activated it will allow 5 further parameters to be configured as shown Frequency filter: Selectable filter from drop down menu. Select a frequency whose range is between the Fundamental Frequency and the Switching Frequency but closer to the fundamental. In this test we have set the inverter to a fundamental frequency of 65Hz so we will select a frequency filter of 250Hz Note: Do not select a filter too close to the fundamental frequency this may result in the frequency measurement reading 0Hz Page 50

52 Setting the frequency filter: Press 2 times Frequency filter parameter will be selected Press Drop down box will open with all available frequency ranges Press arrows to select frequency filter parameter required Press ENTER to confirm selection By applying a 250Hz filter within PWM mode we can now see that the instrument is locking onto the fundamental frequency this is required for correct signal processing of the waveform Page 51

53 By viewing the waveforms in the Oscilloscope mode we can see the switching frequency of the Voltage and a smoother sine wave Current waveform The Current waveform shows the time for 1 cycle approximately 15.40ms Therefore 1s (15.40x ) = 64.9Hz Fundamental Frequency Frequency reference: Select from the drop down menu which waveform the fundamental frequency is to be synchronised with Voltage or Current Low Frequency: Set this parameter to ON, switching on will open up the minimum frequency parameter Minimum Frequency: Manually input a value to allow the results window to extend automatically if the fundamental frequency time period is longer than the time period of the data window. This is recommended Page 52

54 Using the PPA4530 to measure 3 phase power with PWM drives If there is access to the neutral point (star point) of a star wired load, then accurate measurements can easily be made by connecting the measurement channels in star configuration: Three Ph1 HI ACH1 LO Ph1 Three Phase Ph2 HI ACH2 LO Ph2 Phase Source or Ph3 HI ACH3 LO HI HI HI VCH1 VCH2 VCH3 Ph3 Load or N LO LO LO N In this configuration, the data including rms voltage will be correct for each phase, and the phase to phase voltage rms can be derived (set conversion to phase to phase rms ). If, however, the neutral point is not available, then the measurement of the voltage rms is more difficult. The options are to use a synthesised neutral or to connect in delta configuration and derive the phase measurements. Consider the synthesised neutral configuration: Three Phase Ph1 Ph2 HI HI ACH1 ACH2 LO LO Ph1 Ph2 Three Phase Source or Ph3 HI ACH3 LO HI HI HI VCH1 VCH2 VCH3 Ph3 Load or LO LO LO Page 53

55 When using synthesised neutral, the elementary measurement of the voltage rms will usually be higher than that measured with a true neutral. For this case, there is a conversion option star to delta which accurately computes the phase to phase voltages, then derives a phase to neutral value from the computed phase to phase values. This gives a phase to neutral value which is much closer to that measured with a real neutral. The phase to phase (or delta ) value, Vd(t) is derived from the instantaneous star voltage values, Vs(t) (eg. Vd1(t) = Vs1(t) Vs3(t)) so the voltage present on the synthesised neutral has no effect. Consider the delta wired configuration: Three Three Phase Source Phase Load Ph1 HI ACH1 LO Ph1 Ph2 HI ACH2 LO Ph2 or Ph3 HI ACH3 LO HI LO HI LO HI LO VCH1 VCH2 VCH3 Ph3 or In this case the phase to phase voltages are measured directly and the phase to neutral values are derived (set conversion to delta to star ). The power measurements are also adjusted to show the individual star phase powers. The delta/star conversion assumes that the impedance of the load is equal on all three phases. Wiring conversion Phase rms voltage Phase power Star with neutral Phase to phase Measured Measured rms Star without Phase to phase Slightly high Measured neutral rms Star to delta Derived Measured Delta Delta to star Derived Derived Page 54

56 Torque & Speed: Set the Torque and Speed parameters to measure the Mechanical Power (Nm) and Speed (RPM) via the Torque and Speed BNC connectors on the rear of the instrument Open up the torque and speed drop down box to select which type of test is to be configured Once a configuration has been selected you will be required to input a scale factor relating to both the Mechanical Power (Nm) and Speed (RPM), both parameters will then be calculated against the selected source Page 55

57 6.5.2 LIGHTING BALLAST MODE Select Lighting Ballast mode from the Application Menu as in previous applications Press to default settings. Press ENTER to load Once selected you now have the option to select the frequency tracking speed and the efficiency calculation Page 56

58 6.5.3 Inrush Current Mode Measurement of inrush current (surge) requires very fast sampling to catch the highest instantaneous value. Measurements must be made under conditions of manual ranging and with the voltage applied to the instrument. Then when the load is switched on the highest peak value can be detected. In inrush mode the PPA45xx samples and analyses every sample at the full sample rate in excess of 2Msamples/s to catch even very fast peaks. Set Up Instrument Used: PPA4530-Std (30Arms) Test Device: 230v, 50Hz Ventilation Fan (Imax 0.8A) Accessories: 1 x Break Out Box To access Inrush Current: Press APP button Press button Press button. This will open the drop down menu selections Press 3 times until red box surrounds inrush current Press ENTER this will now set the mode Press button. Press ENTER this will now set the default settings mode for inrush current and allow further parameters to be configured Page 57

59 Press 2 times until the red box surrounds auxiliary device parameter Press select the auxiliary device to be none and press ENTER Setting the range parameter This is best configured if the user has prior knowledge of the peak current measurement expected from the DUT. If this is not available then the user should set the current settings as follows. Set the autoranging parameter to range up only and the minimum range to the 30mA range this will allow the test being carried out to find the highest range via peak detection and hold on this range Setting the Speed and Smoothing For this application a mains input signal of 50Hz was used, therefore we are able to set the speed to window and 20.00ms this will enable us to capture cycle by cycle data over the whole waveform, to get the instantaneous cycle by cycle power the smoothing parameter is best set to none as shown Page 58

60 Upon completion of the speed and smoothing settings press the arrow to take you to the advanced settings screen. If undertaking cycle by cycle measurements on the input signal then set the frequency lock to Dynamic Setting Peak Measurement Parameters If required you can display the Peak+ and Peak- measurements within the RMS Voltmeter mode screen These parameters can be configured within the True RMS Voltmeter mode button Press the RMS mode button until the measurement settings screen is displayed Page 59

61 For this demonstration we selected separate unfiltered this then gave us the unfiltered Peak + and Peak measurement parameters as displayed earlier for both Voltage and Current Data logging to Internal Memory Set the Datalog to be performed to the internal RAM memory this will offer the user the fastest performance Set the interval time to 0.00s to enable the Datalog to capture every cycle of the fundamental frequency Reconfigure zoom parameters within real time display as described within section 6.3 Zoomed parameters can now be used to capture the Inrush Current (Surge) data within a Datalog Page 60

62 DataLog Results From the Real Time display the surge measurement at the moment the DUT was switched on is recorded as 2.742A Pressing the TABLE button will now display all the data points taken from the associated DataLog and you will notice that the Inrush Current (Surge) is displayed as being 2.742A Pressing the GRAPH button will display in a graphical format all the data points from the associated DataLog displayed within the previous screenshot it is clear that the surge displayed within the tabular display corresponds with the graphical display Page 61

63 Upon completion you are now able to save / recall or delete your test results taken from your DataLog within the PROG mode button Transferring the Datalog from the RAM memory onto a USB memory stick will allow the user to export the.txt file into an.xls file if desired; more details can be found relating to the transfer of data within section 7.1 Inrush Current Mode using the N4L PCIS Switch For the worst case inrush current the input to the device under test must be switched on at the worst point in the cycle (90 or 270 for a capacitive load, 0 or 180 for an inductive load). The Phase Controlled Inrush Switch, or PCIS, available as an accessory for the PPA45xx, controls the switch on of the power to the DUT from 0 to 315 in steps of 45 from the Instruments front panel. Set up is the same as before but you will need to enter the PCIS switch as the auxiliary device and then set the switch phase offset and switch on cycles parameters as described below Page 62

64 Switch Phase Offset: Press Key Switch Phase Offset parameter will be selected (controls the switch on of the power to the DUT from 0 ⁰ to 315⁰ in steps of 45⁰ ) Press Drop down box will open with all available angular ranges Press arrows to select angular parameter required Press ENTER to confirm selection Switch on Cycles: Press Key Switch on Cycles parameter will be selected Press Drop down box will open with all available waveform cycle ranges Press arrows to select waveform cycle parameter required Press ENTER to confirm selection Page 63

65 6.5.4 Transformer Mode (Single Phase) The Transformer mode in the PPA is ideal for both single phase and three phase transformer analysis, we will first describe general operation with a single phase device and then move on to describe three phase measurements. For both single and three phase the Corrected power (Pcorr) and K-factor values are displayed in the results window. Test device: 1 x Single Phase Transformer, ratio (1:1) Accessories: 1 x Break out Box Transformer Mode will allow the user to assess and view characteristics applicable to the transformer field under test conditions To access transformer mode from the drop down menu, press the down arrow 4 times and press ENTER as displayed, transformer mode will now be selected Press the down arrow 1 more time to highlight default settings mode and press ENTER this will set the instrument into its default settings for transformer mode Pressing the HOME button twice will take you back to power analyzer home screen Page 64

66 You are now required to set the wiring configuration for the transformer. Press ACQU button which will bring up the ACQUISITION CONTROL screen. Press the down arrow once so the red box flashes around the wiring selection; press the right arrow to open up the drop down menu as seen within the screenshot below Use the up and down arrows to select which wiring configuration you require. For this manual, single phase 1 was selected to reflect the transformer being used. Press ENTER to confirm selection then HOME twice to return to the power analyzer home screen The Power Analyzer home screen will now display the data measurements collected from your transformer under test With the transformer plugged into a Break out Box and no load attached, the following measurements are displayed The Voltage and Current measurements displayed within the Blue Box above reflect the auto ranging configured by selecting the default settings within the instruments application home set up screen Page 65

67 Viewing the data (Green Box) the phase angle of the fundamental is shown as 78.90⁰. A perfect transformer would display a phase angle of 90⁰. From this data we can confirm that there must be parasitic elements within the makeup of the transformer causing these results, such as a series resistance. The Pcorr (Corrected Power) and K factor values displayed within the Orange Box (see previous page) are computed in transformer mode. In transformer mode there is usually very little distortion. The equations used to calculate these values are: The K factor equation is the lower one in the left hand column. The Corrected power (P0) equation is the top one in the right hand column. IEC :2011 Where P or P0 = corrected power Pm = measured power P1 = ratio of hysteresis loss to total iron losses P2 = ratio of eddy current losses to total iron losses. U = Normalised mean value of voltage U = rms value of voltage Page 66

68 Within the measurement screen the display shows that with NO load connected the transformer is consuming 5.15W of power at a Frequency of 50Hz. If you now press the IMP button you will enter the Impedance Meter screen, within this application mode you will be able to view all the individual data values collected that make up the total Impedance measurement attributed to the DUT. (Both real and imaginary) In the next set of screen shots we will be able to view this data Press IMP button to enter the Impedance Meter screen Press IMP button again to enter Measurement Settings screen Press Press button 2 times, red box surrounds parameter settings button to open up the drop down menu From the drop down menu you will now be able to view all parameters as shown or alternatively by selecting auto the display will show the appropriate parameters values attributed to the DUT Press ENTER to confirm selection Press ENTER to return to home screen and view measurements From the auto screen you can now see that we have a Resistive component affecting the purity of the transformer From the Inductance and Resistance readings the instrument will calculate the total impedance of the transformer winding at the selected frequency Page 67

69 To view the total Impedance calculated you will need to change the display screen back from Auto to Impedance as shown Transformer Mode (Three Phase) When performing analysis of a 3 Phase load, transformer mode is extremely useful. The PPA will display phase balance information in an intuitive manner without the requirement for a vector display, this has the advantage of maintaining 5 digit resolution which is not possible whilst attempting to visually interpret phase balance on a conventional vector display. As illustrated, the PPA is able to display 3 phase power simultaneously, along with this the Voltage % and Current % deviation from the phase 1 readings displayed. The phase reference is taken from phase 1 Voltage and we can see that phase 2 and 3 are ( ) deg and ( ) deg respectively. Page 68

70 Pcorr (Corrected Power) and K factor values are also displayed in Three Phase Transformer mode. The calculated values for Pcorr and K factor are displayed for each phase; this can be seen in the Orange box below: On the SUM screen the displayed Pcorr value is the sum of the Pcorr values for each of the three phases. The K factor displayed on the Sum screen is the average of the K factor values for each of the three phases. Page 69

71 6.5.5 STANDBY POWER MODE Power Standby mode will show all power measurements from a device which is in standby mode To access standby mode: Press APP button Press button Press button. This will open the drop down menu selections Press 5 times until red box surrounds standby power Press ENTER this will now set the mode Press to move to default settings and press ENTER. The instrument will now set the voltage and current measurement parameters Press to move the cursor to low frequency mode Pressing ENTER to load the applications default settings will automatically set the low frequency parameter to OFF You can now return to the Power Analyzer screen Page 70

72 Test device: 1 x Stand alone Heater Accessories: 1 x Break Out Box The real time display shows a screenshot from the Power Analyzer home screen with the test device in standby mode Reverting to the RMS screen you can see all the subsequent voltage measurements from each phase associated with the test unit in Standby Mode Page 71

73 Left is a display taken from the power integrator screen INTEG, displaying a 1 minute integration of the power being consumed Press SCOPE button to view the Voltage and Current waveforms being produced by the device under test. Page 72

74 6.5.6 CALIBRATION MODE Calibration Mode is to be used in combination with N4LCal (N4L Calibration software) which facilitates performing manual calibration with an external source. This software is supplied with a detailed manual describing the calibration process, for more information contact N4L on the following ; support@newtons4th.com Page 73

75 6.5.7 OSCILLOSCOPE MODE The PPA45xx provides a digital storage oscilloscope function in order to view the waveforms being measured. The settings for the oscilloscope are configured by pressing the SCOPE button twice Upon entering the SCOPE menu, the following screenshot will be displayed Timebase: The display for the oscilloscope is divided into 10 divisions along the time axis with the selected timebase displayed in the bottom left hand corner of the display. The timebase may be set to any real value between 15μs/div to 5s/div. Pressing the arrows on the main panel will adjust the timebase by a factor of 2 Trigger Reference: The data source for the trigger can be selected to be either Voltage or Current. On a multiphase instrument, any of the phases may be selected for the trigger source. Trigger Level: The trigger level is set directly in Volts or Amps in relation to the trigger reference settings and does not change if the range is changed. The trigger level is displayed by a small > on the extreme left hand edge of the display. If the trigger is set to a value above or below the range of the input channel then a small carat ^ is shown at the top or inverted at the bottom of the display as appropriate Page 74

76 Trigger Mode: The trigger mode may be set to be; Auto (trigger if possible but do not wait) Normal (wait indefinitely for trigger) Single shot (wait for trigger then hold) The single shot option is reset using the TRIGGER key Trigger Polarity: The trigger polarity may be set to rising edge or falling edge Trigger HF Reject: Select to be either ON or OFF. When set to ON a low pass filter is applied to the trigger data to stabilise the trace with noisy signals. The filter only influences the trigger detection and does not change the data displayed. Pretrigger: The pretrigger may be set to none, 25%, 50% or 75% using the drop down menu Cursors: Two cursors can be enabled on the display as per the screenshot below When enabled use the Cursor 2. keys to enable and switch between Cursor 1 and Use the keys to move the selected cursor along the timescale NOTE: When the cursors are enabled then the LEFT and RIGHT arrows no longer adjust the timebase Page 75

77 Screenshot from Scope display with Dual cursors configured From the screenshot above the display shows all fundamental measurements from the position of cursor 1. Also displayed is the time difference between the 2 cursors, delta t = 26.00ms with the timebase set to 10ms/div Trace: Set which waveform the user wishes to be displayed at any one time from the 4 options within the drop down menu Page 76

78 Trace set to Voltage: Trace set to Current: Trace set to Dual: Trace set to Together: Page 77

79 6.5.8 Interharmonic Sweeps Interharmonic voltages and currents can be measured and displayed in an Excel report using PPA Datalogger software. Connect the PPA5500 to PPA Datalogger version v3.1b or above. Set up the software according to the following steps: Step 1. (Optional) Click on ACQU. Set Speed to the required setting. If Window is selected enter the speed. Page 78

80 Step 2. Enter the Harmonics mode and select; Computation: Interharmonic Sweep Step 3. Frequency Step: Enter the required frequency Selected Harmonic: Enter the harmonic Harmonic Series Up To: Enter the number of harmonics to be included in the sweep. Page 79

81 Step 4. Click the Set up PPA button Step 5. Click the Start button Page 80

82 Step 6. Wait for test to complete (depends on the PPA speed setting and the number of harmonics included in the sweep) The software will display a message: Waiting for Results Depending on the settings selected, a flashing message may be displayed on the PPA: Sweep Running Page 81

83 For all settings entered, the test number will be seen to be incrementing in the top left hand corner of the display. Step 7. On completion of the tests the software will start to download the results from the instrument. The message is updated once the results have been downloaded. Page 82

84 Step 8. An Excel results document can be created by clicking on the Export button in the software. Note: Rather than performing steps 1-4 above the settings can instead be entered on the PPA. Press the ACQU button and entered the required speed setting. Page 83

85 Press the MODE button and select Harmonic Analyzer mode and Interharmonic sweep. Enter the required values for Frequency step size, Selected harmonic and Harmonic series up to. Finally click on the Read PPA button in the software to transfer the settings from the PPA into the software. Ensure the software is displaying the Harmonic test window and then proceed from step 5 above HF Current Shunts External current shunts can be used as an alternative to the instruments internal shunt as a fixed value Impedance circuit. Note do not use both shunts together Test equipment for demonstration: 1 x Inverter/Motor test unit (single phase) 1 x HF 003 Current Shunt (shunt resistance = 470mΩ) Wiring Configuration: Page 84

86 Connect BNC safety lead between the A EXT BNC on the rear of the PPA45xx and the BNC connector on the HF shunt HF003 Current Shunt BNC Earth Stud Shunt Resistance = 470mΩ Continuous Current = 3A rms Max A Low A High Connect Black 4mm lead from Load Connect Yellow 4mm lead from source *Remember disconnect all leads to appropriate channels internal current shunt* Set up PPA to read the external current shunt: Press RANGE button Press Press arrow until black box surrounds the current input parameter arrow and select external shunt Press ENTER, external shunt will now be selected Press arrow until black box surrounds the shunt parameter Manually input the shunt resistance value Press ENTER, external shunt value will now be selected Page 85

87 If connecting the external shunt to a different channel then use the arrow to select the correct channel configurations screen as prompted at the bottom of the RANGE home screen Now going back to the real time display screen the range selected by the analyzer is the (300mV) range. This range is a peak range and the analyzer will convert this voltage to the equivalent current range, dependent upon the shunt value entered in the RANGE menu. In this case the shunt value is 470mΩ; therefore the analyzer will display 638.3mA for the 300mV range I = As the instrument ranges up and down the Arange value will change respectively HF100, HF200 and HF500 Current Shunts Connection to these instruments is made via a stud and bolt and great care must be taken when connecting heavy duty ring terminals to the appropriately sized stud or alternatively, to an L bracket on the HF500 shunt. It is essential that 2 correctly sized spanners are used at all times (see table below) so that adequate torque can be applied to the bolt without transferring excessive turning force to the stud Any damage caused to the fixing stud will be irreparable Damage to the shunt will occur when using only 1 spanner Page 86

88 Always use 2 spanners to limit torque stress on the shunt stud Current Shunt Model HF100 + HF200 HF500 Spanner Size 17mm 24mm Rogowski Coil Set the range value of the PPA45xx to the selected channel the Rogowski Coil is connected to, Input the correct shunt value corresponding to the switch value on the Rogowski Transducer Page 87

89 The shunt value is set to 2mΩ to reflect the switch position being set to 1KA (2mV per A) and a scale factor of 1:1 We set 2mΩ as a 2mΩ shunt would also produce the same 2mV/A Connection should be made as per the following diagrams Page 88

90 15 Way Connector WR5000 Wideband Rogowski Transducer On Fault OFF 5KA (0.4mv/a) 1KA (2.0mv/a) BNC DC Input BNC BNC safety lead *WARNING: Remember to connect either the Internal or External shunt only to the PPA45xx* Page 89

91 Connect up the Rogowski Coil as shown, wrap the clear plastic tube around the conductor and slot into the T piece connector, tighten the connector nut to secure the lead into position A single coil wrapped around the conductor will result in voltage measurement equal to the 2mV/A detail on the WR5000 as set on previous page If the coil is double wrapped around the conductor then the voltage value will double accordingly Conductor passing through Rogowski Coil DC Input BNC BNC safety lead Page 90

92 7 Remote Settings PPA45xx Quick User Guide The Remote Settings menu provides an interface for the user to set the method of connection and the ability to configure the ports as required Resolution The default resolution setting for the PPA45xx is Normal this will set the Data Resolution to 5 decimal points plus any exponent e.g.: E00 Selecting High will set the Data Resolution to 6 decimal points plus any exponent e.g.: E00 For higher speed transfer a proprietary binary format can be selected which compresses the data into 4 bytes Interface The PPA45xx is fitted as standard with an RS232 serial communications port and USB, LAN and IEEE488 (Optional) Interfaces for communication purposes between the instrument and PC Selection is made via the interface parameter within the remote settings Page 91

93 Selecting RS232 will then open up the Baud Rate option. Select an applicable data speed rate from the 4 options given in the drop down menu (Default Setting is 19200) To use a USB lead to connect, set the interface parameter to read USB Configuring the interface to LAN will then display the IP address applicable to your instrument. This address will be required upon connection to any software to enable correct connection to the instrument, this is changed using the numerical keypad Page 92

94 Configuring the instruments interface to GPIB will automatically set the IEEE address to 23 this can be changed within the address parameter in the range 0 to 30 (31 total possible addresses available) Recall with Program The recall with program parameter will allow any pre set Comms configuration to be recalled if saved along with a nominated program within the PROG settings. To recall a Comms configuration set the recall option to ON then recall the appropriate program (Remember to set this first before recalling your saved program) Screen Print The Screen Print option will allow any screen display on the PPA45xx to be copied either to an RS232 printer or USB memory stick. Select the appropriate transfer method required or alternatively this parameter can be disabled Page 93

95 7.1 Transferring Internal Datalogs to USB memory stick The following section explains the procedure for storing a datalog to internal memory and exporting the data to a USB memory Stick 1. Setup Datalog (DATALOG MENU) 2. Press START to commence Datalog Page 94

96 3. Store Datalog to Internal memory 4. Store Datalog to External USB Memory Stick 5. Locate file on memory stick, the file format will have a.txt extension D001 represents location 1 as specified above. 6. NOTE: Data presented within the.txt file for time will be displayed as a fraction of an hour, to convert this data back into real time the user will need to multiply the data by 3600 (seconds within an hour) Page 95

97 7.1.1 Data logging to USB memory stick 1. Setup Datalog (DATALOG MENU) 2. Press START to commence Datalog 3. Press STOP to terminate Datalog, results will now be stored upon USB memory stick Page 96

98 4. Locate file on memory stick, the file format will have a.n4l extension and save to a location on your PC PPA_D001.N4L 5. Converting the.n4l to a.txt file will require the user to download free of charge from the N4L website; software application n4ldlog n4ldlog.exe 6. Upon downloading the n4ldlog software then drag and drop the.n4l file on top of the n4ldlog.exe as shown below 7. Following this procedure a.txt file will be created as shown PPA_D001.txt D001 represents location 1 as specified within the Datalog home screen Page 97

99 7.2 Program Store / Recall / Delete The following section explains the procedure for storing / recalling or deleting a program to or from the instruments internal memory or USB memory Stick 1. Press PROG button to open up program store / recall mode 2. Select memory type to be used for action from the dropdown menu Page 98

100 3. Select which data type you require to be actioned from the list shown 4. Select the action to be taken in association with the data selected Page 99

101 5. Select the location that the associated action is to be recalled from, stored to or deleted from, there are 999 locations available NOTE: Location 0 = FACTORY DEFAULT and cannot be changed Location 1 = Upon start up should any program be stored within program 1 then the PPA will automatically recall this program 6. Enter a name within this parameter to aid the user in relation to storing / recalling a program to / from memory for future reference. To enter a name, use the Alpha / Numerical keypad on the instruments front panel. Page 100

102 7. Upon implementing any of the above actions then remember to scroll down to EXECUTE and press ENTER to validate your selection / action Page 101

103 8 Repair / Recalibration In the event of any problem with the instrument, during or outside of the guarantee period, contact your local representative Newtons4th Ltd offer a full repair and re-calibration service It is recommended that the instrument be re-calibrated annually Contact details: 1. Newtons4th Ltd 1 Bede Island Road Leicester LE2 7EA United Kingdom Tel: (0116) International: Fax: (0116) International: address: sales@newtons4th.com office@newtons4th.com Web site: We have a policy of continuous product improvement and are always keen to hear comments, whether favourable or unfavourable from users of our products. Please telephone, fax, write or with your comments Page 102

104 8.1 PPA45xx / PPA55xx. GUIDE FOR TESTING THE BASIC FUNCTIONALITY OF THE INSTRUMENT. This document provides instructions on how to test the basic functionality of your Precision Power Analyzer in order to ensure it has a basic level of functionality; this should be used as a pre cursor to any further fault investigations. Details are provided of the instrument setup, the required connections between the PPA and other basic test equipment commonly available in a laboratory. Furthermore, screen shots of the expected results are displayed on the PPA. Testing of the external inputs of the PPA is performed by monitoring the output of a signal generator. To test the internal inputs of the PPA a breakout box with a load connected is used, the PPA monitoring the AC mains supply with the current shunts in series with the load and the voltage attenuators in parallel. Page 103

105 RESETTING THE PPA TO FACTORY DEFAULT MODE. This will clear any user defined programs that might be stored in the PPA and recalled when the instrument is switched on. Program 1 is recalled when the PPA is restarted... To access Program Store / Recall mode: Press PROG button Press Key until Red Box surrounds the number adjacent to Location Enter 0 Press Key until Red Box surrounds Execute Press ENTER - This will now reset the instrument to factory default mode. Setting up PPA4530 for external BNC functionality Check. Acquisition control. Press ACQU button Press Key until Red Box surrounds the Wiring options Use the buttons to select 3 phase 3 wattmeter from the list. Page 104

106 Coupling. Press COUPLING button Press Key until Red Box surrounds the Coupling options Use the buttons to select ac+dc from the drop down list. Press Key until Red Box surrounds the Bandwidth options Use the buttons to select wide (dc-2mhz) from the list. Ranging. Press RANGE button Press Key until Red Box surrounds the Voltage input options Use the buttons to select external attenuator from the list. Page 105

107 Press Key until Red Box surrounds the attenuator options Type in an attenuator setting of :1 Press Key until Red Box surrounds the Current input options Use the buttons to select external shunt from the list. Press Key until Red Box surrounds the shunt options Type in a shunt value of Ω. Page 106

108 Connecting up the PPA to a signal Generator A signal generator is required to provide a 1.41V PK (1.00Vrms) 50Hz sine wave, if the signal generator expects a 50Ohm load impedance then an output voltage of 0.707V (0.5Vrms) should be used. This signal is used for checking the integrity of the external voltage and external current inputs; these are 3Vpk Max Isolated Differential Voltage inputs. The PPA is connected to the signal as shown in the drawing. The various modes on the instrument can then be selected. The following section provides screenshots of the PPA display for each of these modes. To make the connections shown in the diagram you will need the following accessories that are not supplied with the PPA. 4 x BNC cables for connections on the rear of the PPA. 2 x BNC cables to connect between the PPA and the signal generator. 5 x BNC T piece connectors. Page 107

109 Connection diagram for the functionality checks of the External BNC inputs. Page 108

110 Screenshots of PPA Display when making external measurements. Oscilloscope Mode The above screenshots of the scope mode display current and voltage for all 3 phase inputs. Use the ENTER/NEXT button to scroll through the various oscilloscope displays. The screenshot below shows current and voltage for phase 1 only. Comparisons can be made of current and voltage on all 3 phase inputs. We should see zero phase shift and equal magnitude on both traces. Page 109

111 True RMS Voltmeter Mode These screenshots are of the instrument in True RMS Voltmeter mode. The one on the left is displaying the voltage results for all 3 phases whilst the one on the right is displaying current for all 3 phase inputs. These allow comparisons of current and voltage readings between the 3 phases. It is also possible to check that the instrument has detected the correct frequency. In this screenshot we are looking at just one phase, in this example phase 1. The instrument is displaying both the voltage and current readings for the one phase only. It is also possible to scroll through the various true RMS voltmeter displays to view similar results for phases 2 or 3. Page 110

112 Power Analyzer Mode The above screenshots are of the instrument in Power Analyzer mode. The screenshot on the left is displaying the results for all 3 phase inputs. The screenshot on the right is the results for phase 1 only. Comparison of current, power and voltage can be made on all 3 phases and it is also possible to check that the instrument has detected the correct frequency. Harmonic Analyzer Mode The signal generator is adjusted to provide a 1.00V PK, 50Hz square wave to check the frequency detection function of the PPA. Harmonic Analyzer mode is utilised and correct harmonic magnitudes are displayed providing the fundamental frequency of the waveform is correctly detected. Page 111

113 These screenshots show the instrument in Harmonic Analyzer mode with a square wave input. Comparisons can be made of Current, Power, Voltage and Total Harmonic Distortion on all 3 phases. When looking at a single channel it is also possible to check the frequency of the signal. The final screenshot shows that it is also possible to look at the harmonics in table form so that it is possible to look at all of the individual harmonics at once. This example was for the voltage harmonics but it is also possible to get the same table format for current harmonics. We have used a square wave as the harmonics of this waveform are well known, it is advisable to compare the harmonic values in the displayed table and ensure they are nominally the same as the table below; Harmonic Content of a Square Wave Harmonic Number Frequency Relative Magnitude Fundamental 50 Hz 100 % 3rd harmonic 150 Hz 33 % 5th harmonic 250 Hz 20 % 7th harmonic 350 Hz 14 % 9th harmonic 450 Hz 11 % Page 112

114 Setting up PPA for internal measurements. The set up procedure for internal measurements is very similar to that above for external measurements. The only difference is in the configuration of the Ranging settings. Ranging should be set up as follows: Press RANGE button Press Key until Red Box surrounds the Voltage input options Use the buttons to select internal from the list. Press Key until Red Box surrounds the Current input options Use the buttons to select Internal from the list. Page 113

115 Connecting up the PPA for internal measurements. The breakout box is connected to a mains supply. A load is connected to the breakout box to produce a current for the PPA to monitor. The PPA is used to monitor the voltage and current on the connections of the breakout box. The same voltage and current levels are applied to the 3 phase inputs of the PPA. Therefore the display should indicate the nominally same values for all 3 phases. For the tests in this document a 230V 50Hz mains supply was used, the load used was sinking a current of 3.00A. To make the connections shown in the diagram you will need the following accessories that are not supplied with the PPA. 1 x breakout box. 1 x Load that will be connected to the breakout box. All other connections can be made using the 4m leads supplied with the PPA. Page 114

116 Connection diagram for the functionality checks of the Internal 4mm sockets inputs. Page 115

117 Screenshots of PPA Display when making internal measurements. The following screenshot examples were taken with the PPA set up for internal measurements. For full descriptions for each of the PPA modes please refer to the external measurements section. Oscilloscope Mode Page 116

118 True RMS Voltmeter Mode Power Analyzer Mode Page 117

119 Harmonic Analyzer Mode Harmonic verification Verify that Vthd is nominally the same across all phases inputs, as a reference signal (such as a squared wave) is not being used we cannot verify individual harmonic magnitudes. This is not a problem as we have already verified this with the external inputs Page 118