HetNet Deployment Scenarios and Evaluation Methodology on Indoor Positioning Enhancement in LTE R.13. Presenter : Dr. Yang-Han Lee

Transcription

1 HetNet Deployment Scenarios and Evaluation Methodology on Indoor Positioning Enhancement in LTE R.13 Presenter : Dr. Yang-Han Lee

2 3GPP R.13 SID UID Name Finish Co mpl Study on Indoor Positioning 17/09/2 8 Enhancements for UTRA and LTE 015 Hyperlin k 0% RP SR Note s TS_TR - - UTRA, LTE 37.8xy Study techniques for indoor positioning (RAT-dependent, e.g. OTDOA, UTDOA, E-CID, RFPM, and RAT-independent systems, e.g. A-GNSS, Terrestrial Beacon Systems). Study potential 3GPP positioning enh. in indoor/other challenging envir. (e.g. urban canyons)

3 Heterogeneous network with dense small cells deployment is used as the scenario for indoor positioning study

4 R Remaining issues in evaluation methodology Synchronization error Number of floors The antenna height for outdoor small cells The cluster/density of small cells

5 R Remaining Details of Deployment Scenarios and Evaluation Methodology for Indoor Positioning Synchronization Error Building Height Additional carrier frequencies for macro and small cells Density of small cells UE dropping model Antenna Height for outdoor macro + outdoor small cell scenario Channel Model for outdoor macro + indoor small cell scenario

6 R Multi-antenna transmission scheme of PRS for OTDOA B3X B2X B1X B0X B3X B2X B1X B0X B3X B2X B1X B0X B2X B2X B2X B2X B1X B1X B1X B1X B0X B0X B0X B0X

7 R D2D-aided positioning As another way of densification of anchor nodes, D2D-aided positioning can be considered. There may be UEs having its positioning information accurately in cellular network.

8 R Discussion on potential enhancements for indoor positioning Wideband transmission of PRS and enhanced reporting granularity measurement requirement for wider bandwidth (e.g. 15MHz, 20MHz) needs to be specified. Also further improvement of the measurement reporting granularity (e.g. 0.5Ts) can be considered. Utilization of small cell discovery signal Since the periodicity of DRS is smaller than the minimum periodicity of the current PRS is 160ms, DRS can be used for enhanced positioning measurement. Densification of anchor nodes For OTDOA and UTDOA, if anchor node (i.e. enb) is densely deployed, it is obvious that positioning performance is enhanced.

9 R EB/FD-MIMO based Enhancement Horizontal domain UE location (latitude and longitude) is calculated based on OTDOA based method by from different cells, where. Vertical domain UE location (altitude) is calculated based on and from a cell. The multiple cells can be used for vertical domain positioning. There could be multiple ways to obtain - one example is to configure multiple PRS configurations where each PRS configuration is beamformed with different (e.g. ZoA), so UE can determine/measure the ZoA.

10 R Discussion on Potential Enhancement of Positioning Techniques OTDOA Enhancement PRS+CRS Support of Shared PCID Scenario (e.g. CoMP Scenario 4) PRS Bandwidth Extension Increase of PRS Density in Time Domain WLAN based Enhancement Beacon RSSI based Enhancement WLAN ToF based Enhancement

11 R Utilizing WiFi/Bluetooth measurement for indoor positioning Since positioning uses infrastructure BSS, the WiFi AP ID is the Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), which is the MAC address of the wireless access point. The BSSID is available in Beacon or Probe Response. WiFi report LTE module UE WLAN module WLAN AP

12 R Indoor positioning based on enhanced UTDOA

13 R Indoor positioning based on enhanced UTDOA Start Network entity (e.g. GMLC) request legacy UE whose position need to be determined send SRS Network entity request enb(s) to measure the legacy UE s SRS and report those measurements to the network entity. Network entity select appropriate IPE-UE(s) from its neighbor and request the IPE-UE(s) to measure those SRS and report those measurements to the network entity. Network entity request those selected IPE-UE(s) send SRS Network entity request enb(s) to measure those selected IPE-UE(s) s SRS and report those measurements to the network entity. Network entity calculates the position of the legacy UE based on the collected measurement and may report the positioning results to the legacy UE. End

14 R VCID(virtual cell identities) based PRS transmission for OTDOA A straight forward enhancement is allow VCI based (high layer configurable) PRS. Thus different small cells (with the same PCI) can transmit their own PRS using VCI. enb Low Tx power RRH (Omni-antenna) Optical fiber

15 R Discussion of potential enhancements to positioning technologies Potential enhancements to OTDOA Enhancement on PRS hearability and measurement accuracy Enhancement on reference cell selection Enhancement on OTDOA measurement reporting Potential enhancements to other positioning technologies Barometer sensing of altitude

16 R UE - Angle of Arrival Technique The radio signal from base-station to UE is coming from both the zenith angle and the azimuth angle. AoA estimation at the UE can be carried out with antenna arrays placed at the UE. At least two base-stations are required for 2D positioning and three base-stations for 3D positioning.

17 R Discussion on Enhanced Indoor Positioning Technologies NextNav, LLC February 25, 2015 February 25,

18 Introduction FCC has just approved new rules for indoor location Notice For Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) released in February 2014 Report & Order approved January 29, 2015 New rules call for both high precision 2D positioning and vertical 50m 40% of all calls in top 50 markets in 2 years; 50m - 80% in 6 years Uncompensated barometric pressure for all calls from handsets with pressures sensor capability in 3 years. Dispatchable or vertical solution in top 25 markets within 6 years. Several technologies including RFPM, hybrid A-GPS + A-FLT and Terrestrial Beacons were tested in CSRIC III in the Indoor Test Bed ( ) _ILTestBedReport.pdf Follow-up independent testing of NextNav Rev. 2 TBS system: Standardization is designed to ensure the following objectives: Ensures interoperability of solution Competitiveness in market place February 25,

19 NextNav Overview NextNav is a network services provider deploying a nationwide system to provide reliable, high-precision positioning information in urban and indoor environments Spectrum licenses throughout the US and wide-area architecture provide consistent store level / floor level precision across entire metropolitan areas Experienced team has a long and successful history in network deployment, and is backed by New Enterprise Associates (NEA) and Oak Investment Partners, Columbia Capital, Telcom Ventures and Goldman Sachs February 25,

20 Positioning Enhancements SI Details Study Item will evaluate positioning technology enhancements and specification impacts related to Indoor Positioning, such as: Enhancements to OTDOA, RFPM, UTDOA Inclusion of Terrestrial Beacon Systems (TBS) Pressure Sensor and hybrid positioning support Broadly classified as Radio Access Technology (RAT) Dependent and RAT Independent Example of RAT Dependent Technologies: OTDOA, AFLT, UTDOA, etc Example of RAT Independent Technologies: Sensor-based, Pseudo-GNSS, TBS, etc Multiple technologies are expected to co-exist and compliment each other to help operators meet the FCC requirements for indoor positioning. February 25,

21 Terrestrial Beacon Systems (TBS) Wide-area positioning systems utilizing ground-based beacons to complement GNSS solutions by extending location accuracy indoors and in urban canyons, including in the vertical dimension. (Reference: ILA System Architecture White Paper version 1.0) TBS is a general term that could include all of the following: NextNav s Metropolitan Beacon System (MBS) Indoor MEssaging System (IMES), based on QZSS (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) Pseudolites (PLs), work ongoing in ETSI Other terrestrial beacon systems February 25,

22 Key TBS Technology Principles Performance Advantage Accurate location in urban and indoor environments Precise vertical position (1-3m) Beacon GPS Satellite Fast time to first fix Dependable performance on a widearea basis Blocked! Beacon Deployed Broadcast Beacons Highly synchronized Broad coverage from minimal sites Operate on licensed spectrum, and/or existing GNSS spectrum Cell phone In urban canyon Cell phone Indoors Beacon Core Network Utilizes existing PDE, SUPL elements Modifications to support new IEs but leverage existing messaging framework Location Network Element (SUPL, PDE, MPC) Receivers Firmware upgrade to typical GPS baseband Minimal handset integration On-device computation of location Reduced power consumption February 25,

23 Key MBS Technology Principles Network architecture effectively results in a terrestrial positioning constellation featuring significant commonality with GPS MBS signals shared e.g. similar to a GNSS, network operators need not deploy their own TBSs Timing-based system, using highly synchronized terrestrial transmitters for positioning Wide-area network architecture, providing consistent indoor service across coverage area System designed for minimally-disruptive adoption in mobile handsets Re-use of GPS digital baseband Licensed spectrum adjacent to cellular bands allows for radio re-use In line with other GNSSs, MBS ICD has been published and made available for download Timing solutions result in 5 ns rms synchronization across network, minimizing timing-based errors Air interface-agnostic system allows for evolution of location technology independent of air interface Unique height system results in 1 3m vertical precision by encoding real-time environmental reference information in positioning data payload February 25,

24 Communications Safety, Reliability and Interoperability Council Trials ( CSRIC ) In 4Q12 the FCC s CSRIC advisory group held a comprehensive, independent trial of location technologies for indoor E911 in the San Francisco / Silicon Valley area. Joint effort by Public Safety, technology vendors and national wireless carriers; results released March 2013 Suburban and NextNav Rev 2 technology tested in identical scenarios in Summer 2013 Santa Clara County Rural San Benito County Urban San Francisco Financial District February 25,

25 CSRIC Review CSRIC Working Group 3 was chartered by the FCC with, among other things, creating an information base from which indoor location accuracy standards for E911 could be established WG3 consisted of technology vendors, public safety representatives and the four major U.S. wireless carriers 7 technologies assessed, 4 participated in test bed program and 3 permitted results to be disclosed Results published in March, 2013 completing CSRIC3, WG3 s missions Test program was performed by a 3 rd party (TechnoCom), and was completely blind to participants Over 13,000 test calls for each participating vendor taken across 75 test points, with a strong test bias towards urban locations (70% of test points) NextNav engaged TechnoCom to repeat the CSRIC test protocol for dense urban, urban and suburban morphologies utilizing NextNav s Rev 2 technology (submitted to the FCC in August) Rev 2 technology demonstrated yield improvement, vertical accuracy improvement and horizontal accuracy gains across all morphologies February 25,

26 POP-Weighted Performance Metrics The following chart depicts the CSRIC Rev 1 and Rev 2 performance data, weighted by US population density in urban and suburban areas 1 Cumulative Probability of Position Accuracy 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Probability of Position Accuracy Position Accuracy, in Meters Rev 1 Rev 2 50% 28m 18m 68% 41m 28m 80% 55m 39m 90% 72m 54m Rev 1 / Excl. Rural Rev 2 (1) The U.S. Census describes 30% of the population living in urban areas, 50% in suburban areas and 20% in rural areas. Data excludes testing in rural areas, where GPS functions adequately. February 25,

27 Floor-Level Height Accuracy Internal Test at Intercontinental Hotel Vertical CDF (Rev 2 test Results) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Vertical Height Error (in m) NextNav was the only company to have tested the vertical in indoor environments. Median height error was <1.5m and 90% error was <4m. February 25,

28 TBS 3GPP support requirements LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) TS specification impacts. High-level changes required to support MBS in LPP consist primarily of information elements for Terrestrial Beacon Systems to support: 1. UE/Location Server capabilities negotiation 2. Assistance Data specific to TBS-based positioning 3. Identify which technology was used in UE position fix and TBS measurements Performance specifications in RAN4 Equivalent of TS needed for TBS February 25,

29 Why should 3GPP support TBS? TBS, and specifically NextNav s MBS implementation, has indoor location performance that has been tested and validated by an independent third party. TBS deployments are optimized for positioning only, which is not in the case for RAT dependent positioning methods. Operators are on the hook to meet the FCC indoor location requirements. Operators will be best served by having a variety of technologies available to them. TBS will put one more option in the operators tool box NextNav s deployment will be cost effective because the same infrastructure investment that can be shared by multiple operators and other users of the service Because location is NextNav s only business, it is worth it for us to make the investments in precision timing that may not be economically practical for individual operators in their mobile networks that don t requires ns synchronization precision. February 25,

30 Summary & Recommendations The viability and performance of TBS has been proven via 3 rd party testing over the last few years 3GPP will play a key role in the adoption of these technologies that addresses the needs of public safety and emergency services RAN1 should evaluate TBS as a candidate technology for indoor location February 25,

31 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #80 R Athens, Greece, 9th 13th February 2015 Agenda item: WF on Barometric Sensor Information Ericsson, ZTE, Huawei, HiSilicon, LG, Qualcomm

32 Background Barometric sensor information has been described as a potential technique to provide vertical position information This is a type of RAT independent technique relying on atmospheric pressure measurement

33 Proposal Barometric sensor information is out of scope for RAN1 Further evaluations and enhancements in RAN1 for indoor positioning exclude techniques that require barometric sensing This does not prevent other RAN groups from considering potential extension to 3GPP protocols that include barometric sensor information

34 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #80 R Athens, Greece, 9th 13th February 2015 Agenda item: WF on Indoor Positioning with WiFi Ericsson, Intel, Sony

35 Proposal WiFi based enhancement is introduced to 3GPP for UE positioning UE reports detected WiFi information (e.g. measurement, access point ID) to the network to support positioning. FFS details of measurement and report FFS: if Bluetooth based enhancement is also included

36 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #80 R Athens, Greece, 9th 13th February 2015 Agenda item: WF on OTDOA Enhancement in the same cell ID scenario Intel, Nokia Networks, Nokia Corporation

37 Backgrounds As also studied in SI RP , there will be situations in which OTDOA will have an insufficient number of observations. The more numbers of SC (Small Cell)/RRH/TP would help enhancing OTDOA performance. Non collocated RRHs/small cells having the same PCIDs were regarded as one important scenario in Rel 12 small cell discovery. Non collocated RRHs having the identical PCIDs may not be able to be supported as per the current specification since PRS sequence is generated based on PCID.

38 Proposal RAN1 to evaluate and study non collocated RRHs/small cells having the same PCIDs for OTDOA enhancement

39 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #80 Athens, Greece, February 9 13, 2015 R1-15XXXX Way forward on possible enhancements for OTDOA Huawei, Hisilicon, Ericsson, Nokia Networks, Nokia Corporation

40 Proposals Study further on OTDOA enhancements for indoor positioning. The options include Enhanced Positioning reference signals (PRS) More dense PRS in time domain New PRS, e.g. new PRS pattern, legacy PRS with CRS, DRS and etc PRS or PRS-alike transmission in un-license band PRS beacon More than 20MHz PRS for contiguous CA Enhanced RSTD measurements Reduce RSTD quantization error Enhanced RSTD measurement procedure Enhanced RSTD measurement requirement for wider band PRS, e.g. 15MHz, 20MHz PRS