BUS SAFETY SYSTEM FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN BY USING RFID AND GSM MODEM

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1 e-issn Volume 3 Issue 3, March 2017 pp Scientific Journal Impact Factor : BUS SAFETY SYSTEM FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN BY USING RFID AND GSM MODEM Mr.V.Sivakumar,M.E. 1, P.Dhivagar 2, S.Rajkumar 3, P.Sivamanikandan 4, B.Arun 5 1,2,3,4, 5 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V.S.B Engineering College, Karur Abstract: Millions of children need to commute between homes to school every day. Safer transportation of school children has been a critical issue as it is often observed that, kids find themselves locked in the school bus at the bus stop after going to school, they miss the bus, or ride the wrong bus with no way to track them. This project intends to find yet another solution to solve this problem by developing a bus safety system that will control the entry and exit of students from the buses through an energy efficient methodology.the proposed system will control the entry and exit of students to and from the bus using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and GSM technologies to ensure the entering and exiting of all students to and from the school bus in a safer manner. The system will do all the process and allow the student to be tracked while entering and leaving the bus. If the bus journey is successful from the source to destination, it will send an SMS to the management to inform its departure and arrival.in the era of embedded systems time and efficiency arematter of precedence. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) emerges as one of the converging technologies and transportation plays an important role in urbanization, RFID is one of the key catalyst playing a significant role in it. RFID plays major role in auto ID applications like RFID contact less smart cards used by bus riders, in Super market, Textiles and logistics chain management. Keywords: RFID, GSM, RFID Reader, SMS (Short Message Service), Microcontroller I. INTRODUCTION This fast paced World is with number of transport related problems. RFID technology can be effectively used to solve some of them. Some of the problems that require immediate attention are accident risk management, environment alert, traffic rule violation control, vehicle theft identification and traffic signal management. RFID tags are placed on the road giving area information and environment alerts (such as school zone, industry, market, bridge etc.). One RFID is placed in vehicle with owner info, RC book, insurance details, service details etc. To send vehicle identification to traffic information database. RFID reader will be placed with embedded controller in vehicle, Toll Gates, Parking areas and also in traffic signal areas. We used GSM module with embedded unit in the moving vehicle to transmit accident information to different points. Whenever vehicle meets with an accident, the system reads area information from RFID tags placed on the road and transfers this information to embedded module. The details are transmitted to the specific numbers stored in database (Police station, Owner and Hospital). Additionally, vibration sensor activates air bags such that severe accident to the driver driving the vehicle can be avoided and transmits this emergency situation to owner, police control office and hospital through SMS. Rapid development of economic construction and people s living standard continues to improve well as road traffic accidents take place frequently, which causes huge losses of life and property to the country and people. The development of a transportation system has been the generative power for human beings to have the highest civilization above creature in the earth. Despite many efforts taken by different organizations all around the world by various programs to warn against careless driving, accidents have taken place every day. However, All rights Reserved 120

2 lives could have been saved if the emergency service could get the crash information and proper help provided at time. II. PROPOSED SYSTEM In this system uses the autonomous clustering technique to monitor the children in group and when separated. Our method to identify the students are dropped at correct locations and if they are dropped elsewhere the location is identified and alert is sent to parent. Student is entering into the bus RFID reader read the tag id and send message to parents. Automatic speed reduced technique is used during accident condition. In today s world there is a severe increase in the use of vehicles. Such heavy automobile usage has increased traffic and thus resulting in a rise in road accidents. This takes a toll on the property as well as causes human life loss because of unavailability of immediate safety facilities. Complete accident prevention is unavoidable but at least repercussions can be reduced. Proposed system makes an effort to provide the emergency facilities to the victims in the shortest time possible. In big organizations the drivers make illegal use of the vehicles thus resulting in financial, time loss of the organization. Apart from these purposes the system can be used for tracking of stolen vehicles or travelling luggage, fleet management and vehicular sales etc.the system incorporates a single-board embedded system that contains GPS and GSM modems connected with a microcontroller. The entire set-up is installed in the vehicle. A vibration sensor is used. It measures the vibration at the location it is placed. The signal is then compared with the standard values which further confers the accident of the car, unnecessary shock or vibration produced by machines, tilt of the car with respect to the earth s axis can be identified with the level of acceleration. Global Positioning System (GPS) is used to identify the location of the vehicle. GSM is used to inform the exact vehicular location to the precoded numbers. Message will give longitude and latitude values. From these values location of accident can be determined.gsm modem provides a two way communication by using a sim card. Such a module works the same as a regular phone. The project aims at intelligent security system providing situational awareness and agile safety. RFID Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been in use for decades. Only recently, lower cost and increased capabilities made RFID technology to be a commercially viable one. There seems to be developments in support of the movement of inventory tracking and supply chain management toward RFID. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a system that transmits All rights Reserved 121

3 identity of an object using radio waves. This identification is transmitted in the form of a serial number that distinguishes each object from the other. The RFID system is composed of a RFID reader and a Tag. The tag is composed of a microchip connected to an antenna; microchip can store a maximum of 2 kilobyte of data, which can include information about the product, the manufacturing date, the destination among other information. In order to retrieve the data stored in the tag we need a reader, which is a device that emits radio waves, these radio waves are received by the tag which activates the microchip and then the data get transmitted. The tags can be distinguished by their mode of operation. GSM (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM is a common European mobile telephone standard for a mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz Throughout the evolution of cellular telecommunications, various systems have been developed without the standardized specifications resulting in many problems directly related to compatibility. The GSM standard is intended to address these problems. In the current work, SIM300 GSM module is used. The SIM300 module is a Triband GSM/GPRS solution in a compact plug in module featuring an industry-standard interface. It delivers voice, data and fax in a small form factor with low power consumption. The prime function for the GSM cellular system is speech or voice calls. To achieve this, the speech is digitally encoded and later decoded using a voice coder. Many different type of voice coders are accessible for utilization, being aimed at different scenarios. A GSM phone utilizes a SIM card to recognise the client s record. The utilization of the SIM card permits system client s to rapidly move their phone number from one GSM phone to another by directly moving the SIM card. As of now GSM system works on 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, and 1900MHz frequency bands. The modem used in the system is [10] SIMCOM SIM300. Intended for worldwide business sector, a Triband GSM/GPRS engine (SIM300) that works on frequencies DCS 1800 MHz, PCS1900 MHz and EGSM900. SIM300 has GPRS multi-slot class 10 capabilities and support the CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4 i.e. GPRS coding schemes. With the dimensions 40mm x 33mm x 2.85 mm, SIM300 fits into the entire space prerequisite by PDA phone, Smart phone and other cell phone device. Obstacle Detection The basic concept of IR (infrared) obstacle detection is to transmit the IR signal (radiation) in a direction and a signal is received at the IR receiver when the IR radiation bounces back from a surface of the object. The reflected signal is received by an IR receiver. Vibration sensor is connected with microcontroller through 7400IC. When collision of vehicle occurs, vibration sensor will sense the immense vibration. One of the inputs of NAND gate will goes high. It sends interrupt to microcontroller. L293D Controller In a single L293D chip there are two h-bridge circuit inside the IC which can rotate two dc motor independently. Due its size it is very much used in robotic application for controlling DC motors. Given below is the pin diagram of a L293D motor All rights Reserved 122

4 MAX232: Interface Translation Low Power Modems RS 232 Networks (Multidrop) Portable Computing Max232 is designed by Maxim Integrated Products. This IC is widely used in RS232 Communication systems in which the conversion of voltage level is required to make TTL devices to be compatible with PC serial port and vice versa. This chip contains charge pumps which pumps the voltage to the Desired Level. It can be powered by a single +5 volt power supply and its output can reach +_7.5 volts.max232 comes in 16 Pin Dip and many other packages and it contains Dual Drivers. It can be used as a hardware layer convertor for 2 systems to communicate simultaneously.max232 is one of the versatile IC to use in most of the signal voltage level conversion problems. Max232 requires minimum 4 external capacitor. Their Value can range from 1uf to 10uf and16 volts or more rating. There are many different versions of this versatile IC available each of them Require different capacitor value for proper All rights Reserved 123

5 The Atmega328 chip has an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) inside of it. This must be or else the Atmega328 wouldn't be capable of interpreting analog signals. Because there is an ADC, the chip can interpret analog input, which is why the chip has 6 pins for analog input. The ADC has 3 pins set aside for it to function- AVCC, AREF, and GND. AVCC is the power supply, positive voltage, that for the ADC. The ADC needs its own power supply in order to work. GND is the power supply ground. AREF is the reference voltage that the ADC uses to convert an analog signal to its corresponding digital value. Analog voltages higher than the reference voltage will be assigned to a digital value of 1, while analog voltages below the reference voltage will be assigned the digital value of 0. Since the ADC for the Atmega328 is a 10-bit ADC, meaning it produces a 10-bit digital value, it converts an analog signal to its digital value, with the AREF value being a reference for which digital values are high or low. Thus, a portrait of an analog signal is shown by this digital value; thus, it is its digital correspondent value. The ATmega328 is 80C51 microcontrollers with 128kB Flash and 1024 bytes of data RAM.A key feature of the ATmega328 is its X2 mode option. The design engineer can choose to run the application with the conventional 80C51 clock rate (12 clocks per machine cycle) or select the X2 mode (6 clocks per machine cycle) to achieve twice the throughput at the same clock frequency. Another way to benefit from this feature is to keep the same performance by reducing the clock frequency by half, thus dramatically reducing the EMI. The Flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in serial In-System Programming (ISP). Parallel programming mode offers gang-programming at high speed, reducing programming costs and time to market. ISP allows a device to be reprogrammed in the end product under software control. The capability to field/update the application firmware makes a wide range of applications possible. The ATmega328 is also In-Application Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash program memory to be reconfigured even while the application is running. III. IMPLEMENTATION The RFID tag reader is installed near the bus entrance. It will read all the passive tags that the students will swipe while entering/leaving the bus. As soon as a child swipes the card; the reader will identify him based on the unique identification number associated with the RFID tag. The LCD unit will display the unique identification number on the display along with the entry timings on the LCD display. Now the work of GPS module comes into picture. The embedded GPS module will help to locate the bus by providing the longitude and latitude coordinates of the location and sends this information to the All rights Reserved 124

6 This information is then passed to the microcontroller which conveys the same to the GSM module. The GSM module will send the information of student and GPS location on the registered parent s mobile number. This way parents will be assured of their kids boarding and leaving the bus and the driver of the bus will also get the attendance of the students. We have used Atmega328 microcontroller as a base device. GSM module and RFID reader is connected with serial port of the controller also vibration sensors and camera is connected. Whenever vehicle meets with an accident the vibration sensor triggers the embedded module for rescue operation. Embedded module gets area information from RFID reader module and the alert information is sent through the GSM module. RFID reader gets an area information form RFID tags on the road unit. RFID reader is connected to Receiver (Rx) of the serial port and GSM Module is connected to transmitter (TX) of the serial port. The digital camera is which is connected with the system will act as black box and it will be triggered on during the accident. Special zones like School, Hospital, Zig Zag bends and weak bridge etc. Hardware connection of messaging All rights Reserved 125

7 IV. CONCLUSION Our proposed method helps in taking automated and reliable attendance, and saves time. It also enhances communication between parents and administration. Combining RFID, GSM advances for safety and security reason is incredibly vital. Presently, as a result of increase in mishaps of kids getting out at wrong stations or children getting missed out at the bus this may lead to demise due to suffocation. This proposal shows that RFID based school bus tracking technology is a feasible alternative for supervising and tracing the pupils during their drive to and from school. Additionally, the expense associated with tagging of material is moderately low. Also the drunk and drive prevention system and the speed control system play a major role to help the children commute safely. In this manner the system is capable of notifying parents/guardians thru text message once the child enters/leaves the varsity, enabling parents/guardians to trace the bus, helping smooth and safer rides to the various destinations. REFERENCES [1] "RFID Used for Student Security and Attendance Reporting". [2] Schofield, Jack ( ). "School RFID Plan Gets an F Technology". theguardian.com [3] "US Pupil Andrea Hernandez Loses 'Mark Of The Beast' Tracking Badge Appeal". Huffingtonpost.co. uk. [4] M. B. Srinidhi and R. Roy, "A web enabled secured system for attendance monitoring and real time location tracking using Biometric and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology," in Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), 2015 International Conference on, 2015, pp [5] Y. Po, W. Wenyan, M. Moniri, and C. C. Chibelushi, "Efficient Object Localization Using Sparsely Distributed Passive RFID Tags," Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 60, pp , [6] O. Se Won, B. Hyochan, and H. Jae Gak, "Light- weight RFID device interface for controlling RFID tag memory access," in Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2010 The 12th International Conference on, 2010, pp [7] R. Basu, S. Das Adhikari, and P. Kundu, "A microcontroller based integrated multifunction sensor using piezoresistive element," in Control, Instrumentation, Energy and Communication (CIEC), 2014 International Conference on, 2014, pp [8] I. C. Hsu, "Mobile ubiquitous attendance monitoring system using wireless sensor networks," in Education Technology and Computer (ICETC), nd International Conference on, 2010, pp. V4-533-V , All rights All rights Reserved 126