Automatic Quality Attributes Of Agricultural And Food Products System And Seed Anti- Theft System

Transcription

1 Automatic Quality Attributes Of Agricultural And Food Products System And Seed Anti- Theft System Gokul Krishnan.A Houshiga.P.G Gayathri.M Devilatha.K ABSTRACT- Highly automated and computerized processes in agricultural and food industries require the development of sensors for continuous measurement and monitoring of quality attributes for agricultural and food products. Recent advances in calibration methods and availability of reliable and inexpensive microwave components offer an opportunity for the development of a new generation of low-cost microwave sensors for process monitoring and control. This paper discusses both the development of calibration methods for indirect determination of bulk density and moisture content from measurement of the dielectric properties at a single microwave frequency and development of inexpensive microwave meters for routine characterization of grain, seed and in-shell peanuts in static and dynamic situations. Accuracy and savings associated with the use of such devices are also covered. Keywords temperature sensor; humidity sensor; ultrasonic device; Toggle Switch; GPS; I.INTRODUCTION: A lot of new inventions are there for saving agriculture mainly they are concentrated in planting and to grow the plants in a good manner, when we are giving new ideas to cultivations most of them are not bother about the seeds or grains and some technology is available and that are expensive for normal farmers. Here we are giving a new idea for storing food products (grains, seeds, etc) and we are implementing an automatic system for saving the seeds and grains from Indian climate change and also we adding the anti- theft system and producing ultrasonic echo for thefting of food products also from small animals like rat, squirrels, birds etc II. EXISTING SYSTEM: In existing system the storage of grains are monitored manually. There is no proper inspection of the storage grains at periodic levels. Due to this, the grains may get the quality damaged. There is no automatic temperature control facility to maintain an optimized temperature. Hence there is a need to design an automated system which monitors & maintains the storage grains quality. ISSN : Page 66

2 Here Medical tablets are used for grain damage and also stop the reproduction. It affects the human health. III. DISADVANTAGES: Grains are not properly maintained, because of this storage facilities are damaged Grains conditions are not known to the owner at different time periods. IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM: This system is based on embedded PIC microcontroller for the lower machine control unit. The grain environment information such as temperature, humidity data is collected and stored by Multi-sensor. If the humidity and temperature sensor value increases, the further action is done by PIC microcontroller. If the inner room and outer room temperature is up, normal or not equal, PIC microcontroller automatically generates the signal to run the motor for opening the window. When the temperature is normal, it closes automatically. If the humidity level is high, fan will rotate automatically. At the same time corresponding in charge will get the information through GSM. Toggle switch is used to activate or deactivate the Theft security process. Ultrasonic sensor is used to produce the echo signal for stop the reproduction for animals (like cat, rat, etc) and lizard (like Central bearded drago, Ground agama, etc). And it also detects if any person enters the store. Here we have designed one hidden door for security purpose. If any person enters the store, it automatically sends information to the corresponding in charge. The in charge can activate the door by using the GSM. V. ADVANTAGES: Storage is automatically monitored by the sensors. One can easily control the grain health condition using Mobile. Medical tablets are not required. VI. BLOCK DIAGRAM: a) INTELLIGENT FOOD GRAIN SYSTEM VII. HARDWARE REQUIREMENT: PIC MICROCONTROLLER Temperature sensor (LM35) Humidity sensor Relay Motor Fan UART GSM Modem ISSN : Page 67

3 Ultrasonic sensor Mobile phone Toggle switch conditions and notifies the incharge when there is any change in that conditions. X. TEMPERATURE SENSOR: VIII. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT: MPLAB EMBADDED C language PROTEUS +5V LM34 OUTPUT IX. DESCRIPTION: These components are connected with PIC micro controller board and the results are displayed in LCD display In this method, temperature and humidity is measured and the results are stored in the registers in the PIC board. It will ensure the present temperature and humidity conditions in the room where the seeds are kept. The sensor will monitor the temperature and humidity condition within the room and the status is sent to the person who is in charge of the room. The person will be aware of the necessary conditions to maintain the conditions required to keep the grains/seeds under normal conditions. It is continuously monitored and if the condition is not matched a light will glow indicating abnormal conditions within the room. This is done because when temperature increases the grain will burn and if the humidity increase the grain may grow, To avoid those conditions this method is used. This system will continuously monitor the interior GND GND Temperature is the most-measured process variable in industrial automation. Most commonly, a temperature sensor is used to convert temperature value to an electrical value. Temperature Sensors are the key to read temperatures correctly and to control temperature in industrials applications. A large distinction can be made between temperature sensor types. Sensors differ a lot in properties such as contact-way, temperature range, calibrating method and sensing element. The temperature sensors contain a sensing element enclosed in housings of plastic or metal. With the help of conditioning circuits, the sensor will reflect the change of environmental temperature. In the temperature functional module we developed, we use the LM34 series of temperature sensors. The LM34 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Fahrenheit temperature. The LM34 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in degrees Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Fahrenheit scaling. The LM34 does not require any external calibration. ISSN : Page 68

4 It is easy to include the LM34 series in a temperature measuring application. The LM34 series is available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM34C, LM34CA and LM34D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package. a) DESCRIPTION OF TEMPERATURE SENSOR FUNCTIONAL MODULE The temperature sensor functional module consists of two parts: the function module box and the probe head. The LM34 temperature sensor is mounted on the probe head. By replacing the LM34 with another precision integrated-circuit temperature sensor LM35, we can easily get an output voltage proportional to the centigrade temperature. XI. HUMIDITY SENSOR: A humidity sensor is a device that measures the relative humidity of in a given area. A humidity sensor can be used in both indoors and outdoors. Humidity sensors are available in both analog and digital forms. This sensor module converts relative humidity to voltage and can be used in weather monitoring application. a) SPECIFICATIONS Power Supply: 5V DC Power Consumption: <-3.0mA. Operating Humidity Range: 30-90%RH Storable Temperature Range: -30 C 85 C Storable humidity range: within 95%RH Standard output voltage: DC mv (at 25 C, 60%RH) b) PIN DETAILS Pin Name Details 1 GND Power Supply Ground Power supply Positive 2 +5V input Active Low to high 3 OUT analog Output c) HUMIDITY OUTPUT 0.9V low humidity output voltage and range 30%RH. 3.4V high humidity output voltage and range 90%RH d) USING THE SENSOR Connect regulated DC power supply of 5 Volts. Black wire is Ground, Next middle wire is Brown which is output and Red wire is positive supply. These wires are also marked on PCB. The insulator material which absorbs the water is made out of a polymer which takes in and releases water based on the relative humidity of the given area. To test sensor you only need power the sensor by connect two wires +5V and GND. You can leave the output wire as it is. When the output is varying at 0.9V to 3.4V based on weather condition. Measure the output voltage through multimeter between OUT and Ground pins or Use a microcontroller to measure the voltage output ISSN : Page 69

5 e) OPERATION An analog humidity sensor gauges the humidity of the air relatively using a capacitor-based system. The sensor is made out of a film usually made of either glass or ceramics. The insulator material which absorbs the water is made out of a polymer which takes in and releases water based on the relative humidity of the given area. This changes the level of charge in the capacitor of the on board electrical circuit.the DHT11 is a basic ultra lowcost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermostat to measure the surrounding air and spits out a digital signal on the data pin.it is fairly simple to use, but requires careful timing to grab data. APPLICATIONS automotive industry climate control data loggers humidity monitoring XII. RELAY: A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations. A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays". Magnetic latching relays require one pulse of coil power to move their contacts in one direction, and another, redirected pulse to move them back. Repeated pulses from the same input have no effect. Magnetic latching relays are useful in applications where interrupted power should not be able to transition the contacts. Magnetic latching relays can have either single or dual coils. On a single coil device, the relay will operate in one direction when power is applied with one polarity, and will reset when the polarity is reversed. On a dual coil device, when polarized voltage is applied to the reset coil the contacts will transition. AC controlled magnetic latch relays have single coils that employ steering diodes to ISSN : Page 70

6 differentiate between operate and reset commands. XIII. ULTRASONIC SENSOR: Ultrasonic transducers are divided into three broad categories: transmitters, receivers and transceivers. Transmitters convert electrical signals into ultrasound, receivers convert ultrasound into electrical signals, and transceivers can both transmit and receive ultrasound. In a similar way to radar and sonar, ultrasonic transducers are used in systems which evaluate targets by interpreting the reflected signals. For example, by measuring the time between sending a signal and receiving an echo the distance of an object can be calculated. Passive ultrasonic sensors are basically microphones that detect ultrasonic noise that is present under certain conditions. Ultrasonic probes and ultrasonic baths apply ultrasonic energy to agitate particles in a wide range of materials XIV. PIC MICROCONTROLLER: PIC is a family of microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology, derived from the PIC1650 originally developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division. The name PIC initially referred to Peripheral Interface Controller. The first parts of the family were available in 1976; by 2013 the company had shipped more than twelve billion individual parts, used in a wide variety of embedded systems. Early models of PIC had read-only memory (ROM) or field-programmable EPROM for program storage, some with provision for erasing memory. All current models use flash memory for program storage, and newer models allow the PIC to reprogram itself. Program memory and data memory are separated. Data memory is 8-bit, 16-bit, and, in latest models, 32-bit wide. Program instructions vary in bit-count by family of PIC, and may be 12, 14, 16, or 24 bits long. The instruction set also varies by model, with more powerful chips adding instructions for digital signal processing functions. The hardware capabilities of PIC devices range from 6-pin SMD, 8-pin DIP chips up to 144-pin SMD chips, with discrete I/O pins, ADC and DAC modules, and communications ports such as UART, I2C, CAN, and even USB. Low-power and highspeed variations exist for many types. The manufacturer supplies computer software for development known as MPLAB, assemblers and C/C++ compilers, and programmer/debugger hardware under the MPLAB and PIC series. Third party and some open-source tools are also available. Some parts have in-circuit programming capability; low-cost development programmers are available as well as high-production programmers. ISSN : Page 71

7 PIC devices are popular with both industrial developers and hobbyists due to their low cost, wide availability, large user base, extensive collection of application notes, availability of low cost or free development tools, serial programming, and reprogrammable Flash-memory capability. term GSM modem is used as a generic term to refer to any modem that supports one or more of the protocols in the GSM evolutionary family, including the 2.5G technologies GPRS and EDGE, as well as the 3G technologies WCDMA, UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA. XV. GSM MODEM: A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone. When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages. A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth connection, or it can be a mobile phone that provides GSM modem capabilities.for the purpose of this document, the XVI. RESULTS: After measuring the temperature and humidity within the room, all the values are displayed through LCD display. And if the humidity value is high automatically the lights will turn on in storage room and if the temperature value is high greater than 40 degree automatically windows will open and the fan will turn on in the storage room here we are using ultrasonic sensor for producing a echo wave for repel the insects and animals that make damage to the seed and food products. ISSN : Page 72

8 We are also implement the anti-theft system notification has been send to police and the owner. oilseed at microwave frequencies, Meas. Sci. and Technology, vol. 14, pp , [5] S. Trabelsi, A. Kraszewski, and S. O. Nelson, A microwave method for on-line determination of bulk density and moisture content of particulate materials, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 47, pp , [6] R. Jacobsen, W. Meyer, and B. Schrage, Densityindependent moisture meter at X-band, presented at 10th European Microwave Conference, Warsaw, Poland, XVII. CONCLUSION: This method is a cost effective method and it is very useful because it monitors the present status of the seed/grain contained in the room. The grain condition is monitored continuously and it will prevent the seed from damage or any other side effects.increase in temperature or increase in humidity will definitely have side effects on the seed. This is also prevented by taking necessary actions before they are damaged. This method will help the farmers from a heavy loss and also to increase their gain within a short period of time. REFERENCES: [1] S. O. Nelson, Sensing moisture content in grain, IEEE Instrum.Meas. Mag., vol. 3, pp , [2] J. B. Hasted, Aqueous Dielectrics. London, England, UK: Chapman and Hall, [3] S. O. Nelson, Review of factors influencing the dielectric properties of cereal grains, Cereal Chemistry, vol. 58, pp ,1981. [7] W. Meyer and W. Schilz, Feasibility study of density independent moisture measurement with microwaves, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 29, pp , [8] A. Kraszewski, Microwave instrumentation for moisture content measurement, J. Microwave Power, vol. 8, pp , [9] S. Trabelsi, A. Kraszewski, and S. O. Nelson, New density independent calibration function for microwave sensing of moisture content in particulate materials, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 47, pp , [10] S. Trabelsi, A. Kraszewski, and S. O. Nelson, Unified calibration method for nondestructive dielectric sensing of moisture content in granular materials, Electronics Letters, vol. 35, pp , [11] S. Trabelsi, A. Kraszewski, and S. O. Nelson, New calibration technique for microwave moisture sensors, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 50, pp , [12] S. Trabelsi, A. Kraszewski, and S. Nelson, Microwave dielectric sensing of bulk density of granular materials, Meas. Sci. and Technology, vol. 12, pp , [13] S. O. Nelson, S. Trabelsi, and M. A. Lewis, Microwave sensing of moisture content and bulk density in flowing grain and seed, Trans. of the ASABE, to be published. [14] S. Trabelsi and S. O. Nelson, Microwave sensing technique for nondestructive determination of bulk density and moisture content in unshelled and shelled peanuts, Trans. of the ASABE, vol. 49, pp , [4] S. Trabelsi and S. O. Nelson, Free-space measurement of dielectric properties of cereal grain and ISSN : Page 73