Goldwind Australia Pty Ltd. Gullen Range Wind Farm. Pre-Construction Television & Radio Assessments. Aitken & Partners Consulting Engineers

Transcription

1 Gullen Range Wind Farm PreConstruction Television & Radio Assessments Aitken & Partners Consulting Engineers PO Box 933, Hornsby, NSW Australia Ph ACN April 20

2 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION Scope Development Requirements Consultant s Experience Radio and Television Service Areas Measurement Parameters Local Radio and Television Services MEASUREMENTS General Test Equipment Test Locations Location 1 Location 2 Location 3 Location 4 Location 5 Location Location 7 Location 8 Location 9 Location 10 Location Location Location 13 Location 14 Location 15 Location 1 Location 17 Location 18 Location 19 Location 20 Location 21 Location 22 Location 23 Location 24 Location 25 Location 2 Location 27 Location Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 2

3 Location 29 Location Location 31 Location 32 Location 33 Location 34 Location 35 Location 3 Location 37 Location 38 Location 39 Location 40 Location 41 Location 42 Location 43 Location 44 Location 45 Location 4 Location 47 Location 48 Location 49 Location 50 Location 51 Location 52 Location 53 Location Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 3

4 Introduction Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 4

5 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 SCOPE This report documents the preconstruction surveys of radio and television frequencies at residences in the vicinity of the proposed Gullen Range Wind Farm. The work was commissioned by and performed by John Aitken, a director of Aitken & Partners. The survey methodology is outlined in Section 2 of this report. 1.2 DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS The Project Approval under Section 75J of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, has the following conditions regarding television and radio reception. This report documents tests in accordance with Condition Tests were performed at 54 locations, chosen to provide a representative sample of the television reception available at residential dwellings. An assessment of the possible effects of the wind farm at each location is included in the observations for each site. A possible means of mitigation has been described for each location. The mitigation methods proposed are primarily those in Condition 2.55 a) and Condition 2.55 e). The satellite television services available under the digital television conversion program now provide freetoair services. This report does not deal with Radio Communication (Condition 2.5). there is at least one communication tower within the wind farm area. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 We note that 5

6 1.3 CONSULTANT S EXPERIENCE JJ Aitken & Partners Pty Ltd (trading as Aitken & Partners) commenced operations in 1983, practicing in radio communications consultancy. The company was founded by Mr John Aitken and based on the experience and expertise he had gained during ten years with Telecom Australia and two years with another consulting practice. Aitken & Partners has a distinguished reputation in the industry for practical and effective consulting solutions, insightful reports and practical specifications. We have worked on railway projects for most of the Australian railways, including the heavy haul iron ore railways. Aitken & Partners currently practices in the areas of railway communications, broadcasting and electromagnetic compatibility engineering. The company has developed skills in systems engineering and in software engineering, dealing with projects from the conceptual design to implementation. Aitken & Partners have been active in television coverage design and implementation, radio broadcasting systems and link design. We designed the transmission and rebroadcast system for MVQ in Mackay (Queensland), adding a large geographic area and many mining towns to their coverage footprint. The National Transmission Agency, which was then responsible for ABC and SBS television and radio transmitters throughout Australia, commissioned Aitken & Partners (as part of a multidiscipline team) to perform audits and then supervise upgrades of over twenty AM radio, FM radio and television sites around Australia. The work included coverage tests for many of the transmitters before and after the upgrading. We have performed many hundreds of radio coverage surveys for a number of clients and have performed preconstruction and postconstruction surveys for several projects. For some of these surveys we were engaged by the client to supervise rectification works where necessary and achieved these to the satisfaction of both the client and the residents of the areas. Our work for Burns Bridge on a large apartment building in Rockdale (Sydney) was performed in response to a similar development approval consent condition to that applied to most wind farms. We were accepted by the Rockdale council as being truly independent and qualified to perform the work. There were no complaints at the completion of our rectification work, even though this was a part of Sydney with notoriously difficult reception. A similar project was performed at Tempe (Sydney) for Westpac, involving postconstruction survey and rectification work. Aitken & Partners have performed preconstruction surveys for wind farms at Gunning (Acciona Energy), Mt Gellibrand (Acciona Energy), Newfield (Acciona Energy) and at Tarago (Infigen Energy) and have a welldefined process for this work. We have performed postconstruction survey work for part of the Capital Wind Farm and for the Gunning Wind Farm. The Aitken & Partners web site has some reference material on the effects of Wind Farms on television and radio reception. Please refer to jja.com.au. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20

7 1.4 RADIO AND TELEVISION SERVICE AREAS The Australian Communications and Media Authority defines the licence areas and service areas for broadcast and television services. The defined areas are those in which the transmission from a licensed station must achieve a certain level and in which their transmissions will be protected from interference. It is often the case that transmissions from stations outside the service area of a station will be heard clearly in another service area. This is considered fortuitous reception and it is not guaranteed. Similarly FM radio reception from distant stations may be available in areas where the terrain favours transmission. High areas often have reception from a number of FM radio stations and television stations that are not in the defined service area. This reception is not guaranteed and is not protected from interference. 1.5 MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS Television and radio performance can be measured qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative assessment of performance is rather subjective, although there are published performance scales that seek to provide standardised assessments. For analogue television services these qualitative assessments are often very important as they identify the quality of the picture as seen by a viewer. Figure Transmission Quality and Signal Strength Digital television has rather different characteristics. The transmission systems for digital television can correct for many of the imperfections that occur and deliver an image to the viewer that is of consistently high quality. The subjective rating of the picture is therefore of little benefit. There is a very small margin in signal between having a picture that is pixellated and one that is perfect. This is a consequence of Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 7

8 the error correction and compensation systems used in digital transmission. margin is often called the digital cliff and is illustrated in Figure 1. The Received Signal Since qualitative assessment of digital television signals does not indicate the margin of safety in the received signal, some quantitative performance measurements have been developed. The first, as with virtually any system, is the amount of signal available the received signal strength. This is usually measured as a voltage at the antenna terminals and is expressed in decibels above a reference level. In this report we have expressed the received signal in decibels above one microvolt or db V. The larger the value, the stronger the signal. Bit Error Ratio (BER) Digital signals are transmitted as a sequence of bits, which may be received correctly or in error. The ratio of good bits to bits that have errors is called the Bit Error Ratio or BER. The transmission systems include codes that make it possible to measure the BER before and after the television receiver attempts to correct errors. We have measured the bit error ratio for each digital television system where there was sufficient signal for a measurement. The measurement receiver identifies BER values between 1E1 (unusable) and 1E7 (excellent). A BER of better than 2E4 is required for reliable reception1. Modulation Error Ratio (MER) The modulation error ratio takes a further parameter into account to determine the overall quality of the received signal. It includes a measure of the signal to noise ratio of the digital signal. An MER of better than 25 db is required for robust reception (with a BER of better than 2E). An MER of 25 db with a BER of better than 2E7 is preferred1. FM Radio The signal strength of FM radio signals is the primary performance measurement. FM signals may be affected by multipath reflections under some circumstances and AM signals are particularly vulnerable to electrical interference. In this report we have identified the received signal level for FM signals in db V. DAB Radio Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) is becoming available throughout Australia. was not available in the survey area. DAB 1 From Digital TV Antennas for Homes. Australian Government Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Digital Switchover Taskforce. March Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 8

9 1. LOCAL RADIO AND TELEVISION SERVICES 1..1 Television Television transmitters at, and service the Gullen Range area. The ABC digital transmitter at was not in service at the time of the survey. Call Sign Channel Location Operator Freq MHz Polar. Pattern CTC CTC V OD ABC 9A ABC V OD WIN WIN V OD CBN Prime V OD SBS SBS H OD ABC 3 ABC V DA ABC 5 ABC V DA SBS SBS V DA CBN 5 Prime V DA WIN 2 WIN V DA CTC 8 Southern Cross V DA Table Local Television Frequencies 1..2 FM Radio FM radio reception is available from a number of sources, including and. There is no clearly defined location on the property for FM reception. One would expect some FM radio reception to be available at any location that a vehicle can access but it is clearly impractical to make such extensive measurements. We have made a measurement of the FM radio reception at the television reception test location. Since there are many FM radio stations a sample of the stations was chosen for measurement. These stations are spread across the frequency band and locations. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 9

10 Call Sign Area Operator Frequency Pol. Pattern Power (kw) 1CMS FM Community 91.1 M OD 20 1WAY FM Community 91.9 M OD 20 1ART FM Community 92.7 M OD 20 1XXR FM Community 98.3 M OD 20 2JJJ FM National M OD 80 2ABCFM FM National M OD 80 2PB FM National M OD 80 2ROC FM Commercial M OD 20 2SBSFM FM National M OD 80 1CBR FM Commercial 10.3 M OD 20 2SNO FM Commercial 93.5 M OD 40 2JJJ FM National 91.7 M OD 0.2 2GN FM Commercial 10.1 M OD 0.1 2ABCRR FM National 10.9 M OD ABCRN FM National M OD Table Local FM Radio Frequencies (measured stations highlighted) Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 10

11 Measurements Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20

12 2. MEASUREMENTS 2.1 GENERAL COMMENTS The measurements were performed with high quality test antennas. The antennas were mounted at approximately 3 m above ground level on a tripod for the tests. A practical television antenna would be mounted at least 3 metres above ground and would probably have higher gain than the test antenna. The objective of the tests was to establish a baseline of reception at each residence within 5 km of any turbine. The method used gave consistency in measurement and provides a reliable reference for comparison after construction has been completed. 2.2 TEST EQUIPMENT Television measurements were made at VHF and UHF frequencies. The UHF measurements were made with an Electromechanics Log Periodic antenna. The VHF measurements were made with an AH Systems Biconical Antenna. Antenna factor calibration details are available for these antennas. The antenna was used in conjunction with a masthead amplifier (GME Kingray model MHW24FS). The measurements shown in this report are what was actually measured from the antenna and are not corrected for antenna factor, feeder loss or amplifier gain. The antenna was used with appropriate polarisation for the measured signal. Television measurements were made with a Promax TVExplorer HD LE digital television and satellite test receiver and analyser. This instrument provides BER and MER data for digital signals and signal strength measurements for analogue signals. FM radio measurements were made with a Rohde & Schwartz FSL Spectrum Analyser. The spectrum analyser was connected to a roof mounted vehicle antenna, with no amplification. 2.3 TEST LOCATIONS The location chosen for each set of measurements is identified by description and by geographic coordinates. The locations were chosen to give a representative sample of television reception measurements for the area within 5 km of a wind farm turbine. We have relied on the information in Figure 21, Figure 22 and Figure 23 from Goldwind Australia for the location of turbines and the 5 km buffer zone. The measurements were performed between 22 March and 14 April 20. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20

13 Figure 21 Location of Turbines, Dwellings and test locations North Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 13

14 Figure 22 Location of Turbines, Dwellings and test locations Centre Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 14

15 Figure 23 Location of Turbines, Dwellings and test locations South Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 15

16 2.4 LOCATION 1 This location is at the edge of the 5 km zone around the turbine locations. The measurements were made at 3 Anderson Road, at the gate of one of the properties within the 5 km zone. Figure 24 Location 1 Figure 25 Test Site Location 1 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. The mast is visible from the road. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 1

17 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY noisy ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television <1E7 9A <1E7 29 <1E <1E <1E >1E1 Varies 41 Varies E <1E <1E7 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Cleared hilly Elevated location with good reception from. The reception may be affected by reflections from the turbines. reception may be possible with a suitable antenna system. Directional antenna to reject possible reflections from turbines. ABC digital television from may be possible. Table 21 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 1 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 17

18 2.5 LOCATION 2 This location is on the Gunning road, adjacent to two properties. Figure 2 Location 2 Figure 27 Test Site Location 2 looking towards The nearby residences were distant from the road so any television antennas were not visible. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 18

19 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television >1E1 Signal varies 9A >1E >1E >1E <1E >1E1 Varies >1E1 Varies 2 <24 >1E >1E >1E1 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Cleared hilly Elevated location with poor VHF reception from due to the terrain. reception may be possible with a suitable antenna system. Reception from with a directional elevated antenna or satellite reception may be the best solutions. Table 22 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 2 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 19

20 2. LOCATION 3 This location is on a hill, heading uphill towards Gunning on the Gunning Road. Figure 28 Location 3 Figure 29 Test Site Location 3 looking towards The nearby residences could not be seen from the road. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 20

21 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television E3 9A >1E1 <32 >1E >1E E 3 <25 >1E1 5 <25 >1E1 <25 >1E1 2 <25 >1E1 5 <25 >1E1 8 <25 >1E1 Varies Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Cleared hilly Poor reception due to the terrain. The nearby turbines are likely to affect reception from both and for homes in the vicinity of this test location. Satellite television is the most practical solution. Table 23 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 3 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 21

22 2.7 LOCATION 4 This location is on Kennedy Road, near a residence. Figure 210 Location 4 Figure 2 Test Site Location 4 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 22

23 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY 3 noisy ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM 2 noisy db V MER db BER Television < E3 9A >1E >1E >1E E 3 <27 >1E1 5 <27 >1E1 <27 >1E1 2 <27 >1E1 5 <27 >1E1 8 <27 >1E1 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Fine and overcast Undulating, some trees. Poor reception due to the terrain. The nearby turbines are likely to affect reception from for homes in the vicinity of this test location. Possible Mitigation An elevated, very directional antenna for reception or satellite. Table 24 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 4 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 23

24 2.8 LOCATION 5 This location is along a local ridge with a cleared area towards. The test site was the gate of the property at 187 Glenerin Road Figure 2 Location 5 Figure 213 Test Site Location 5 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 24

25 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television E 9A <1E <1E <1E <1E7 3 <25 >1E1 5 <25 >1E1 <25 >1E1 2 <25 >1E1 5 <25 >1E1 8 <25 >1E1 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Very good reception from. Possible Mitigation Fine and overcast Undulating, no trees If there are reception problems a more directional antenna may be required, particularly for VHF channels ( ). Table 25 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 5 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 25

26 2.9 LOCATION This location is at the corner of Loughville Road and Range Road. Figure 214 Location Figure 215 Test Site Location Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 2

27 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO 9 Noise GN 3 Noise SBCFM 2 Noise db V MER db BER Television <1E7 9A E <1E7 58 <1E7 9 2 <1E7 3 5 <25 >1E1 <25 >1E1 2 <25 >1E1 5 <25 >1E1 8 <25 >1E1 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Fine and clear Gentle slope, few trees. Good reception from. Comment Possible Mitigation The Gullen Range turbines are > from the path to. Change to a more directional antenna to reject reflections from turbines. Table 2 Television and FM Radio Reception Location Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 27

28 2.10 LOCATION 7 This location is on Kialla Road, near Range Road. The adjacent property is Rosemary Hall, 9 Kialla Road. Figure 21 Location 7 Figure 217 Test Site Location 7 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 28

29 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM db V MER db BER Television E5 Varies, possibly turbine. 9A E4 Varies to 1E >1E >1E E E <1E E <1E <1E7 Varies Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and overcast Cleared hilly. Variable reception from although a good quality antenna system should overcome this. Poor reception from, which will be severely affected by nearby turbines. Communications tower on nearby hill (to East) Possible Mitigation Directional antenna to optimise reception from. Table 27 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 7 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 29

30 2. LOCATION 8 This location is at 100 Pomeroy Mill Ford Road. This area is in a valley, with a treeless hill nearby between the houses and. Figure 218 Location 8 Figure 219 Test Site Location 8 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20

31 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY 4 Noise ABCFM Noise CBR 3 Noise SNO GN 2 Noise SBCFM 1 Noise db V MER db BER Television 20 >1E1 9A 3 >1E1 < >1E1 < >1E E Insufficient signal Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Possible Mitigation Overcast Cleared hilly Residences are in a valley, with very poor terrestrial reception. The turbines may affect reception from, particularly at VHF. Satellite television. Table 28 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 8 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 31

32 2. LOCATION 9 This location is on Pomeroy Road. The tests were made at the gate of 1734 Pomeroy Road. There is thick tree cover in this area and turbines are visible on the horizon towards. The turbines were turning at the time of measurement. Figure 220 Location 9 Figure 221 Test Site Location 9 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 32

33 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO 31 Distortion GN SBCFM 2 Noise db V MER db BER Television <34 >1E1 9A 34 >1E1 < >1E1 < >1E1 <20 >1E1 3 5 < <25 2 < Varying signal May be affected by Gunning Turbines. Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Hilly, heavy tree cover. The turbines are likely to affect reception from, which already appears to be affected by the Gunning Wind Farm. Satellite television. Table 29 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 9 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 33

34 2.13 LOCATION 10 This location is the junction of Pomeroy Road and Range Road. Figure 222 Location 10 Figure 223 Test Site Location 10 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 34

35 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN 0 Noise SBCFM 3 Noise db V MER db BER Television <40 >1E1 9A 49 >1E1 48 >1E1 44 >1E <1E7 3 <2 >1E1 5 < >1E1 < >1E1 2 < >1E1 5 < >1E1 8 < >1E1 Spectrum varies May be usable with higher gain antenna. Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Hilly, thick tree cover. The turbines are likely to affect reception from, which already appears to be affected by the Gunning Wind Farm. Satellite television, should problems arise. Table 210 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 10 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 35

36 2.14 LOCATION This location is at the entrance to airport. There are houses nearby, at the northern limit of the 5 km buffer zone. Figure 224 Location Figure 225 Test Site Location looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 3

37 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television <37 9A 38 >1E1 < < <1E7 3 5 <35 <35 2 <35 5 < >1E1 Noisy analogue reception. Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Fine and clear Flat, cleared land The turbines are likely to affect reception from, which is very poor at VHF at present. Comment The turbines will not affect reception from, which may be usable with an elevated high gain antenna system. Digital ABC television should be available from. Possible Mitigation Satellite television may be the lowest cost solution. Table 2 Television and FM Radio Reception Location Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 37

38 2.15 LOCATION This location is on Gorham Road. Figure 22 Location Figure 227 Test Site Location antennas looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 38

39 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television <22 9A 35 >1E1 <29 <27 3 >1E1 3 5 <2 <2 2 <2 5 < 8 < Site Information Latitude Longitude Comment Possible Mitigation Weather Terrain Fine and clear Flat, with light tree cover The turbines are likely to affect the already poor reception from. Turbines do not affect the path to, but the coverage is very poor. ABC digital reception may be available from. Satellite television. Table 2 Television and FM Radio Reception Location Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 39

40 2.1 LOCATION 13 This location is 947 Pejar Road, outside the Plumb residence. Figure 228 Location 13 Figure 229 Test Site Location 13 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 40

41 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television <1E7 9A E E <1E <1E7 3 <18 5 <37 <29 2 < >1E >1E1 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Undulating, scattered trees. Turbines may affect the path to, particularly at VHF. Turbines do not affect the path to. A more directional antenna for reception, or satellite reception. Table 213 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 13 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 41

42 2.17 LOCATION 14 This location is at Cuddiyong, 3224 Range Road. Figure 2 Location 14 Figure 231 Test Site Location 14 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 42

43 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR Noisy SNO GN SBCFM 10 Noisy db V MER db BER Television E3 9A 39 >1E1 47 >1E1 41 >1E1 < E3 3 <25 >1E <1E <1E E E <1E7 Varies Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Slight undulation, cleared. reception is very good and should not be affected by the turbines. Reception from is poor and may be affected by turbines. Use television. Table 214 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 14 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 43

44 2.18 LOCATION 15 This location is on Storrers Lane, off Bannister Lane. There are turbines between the properties in this area and the Transmitters. Figure 232 Location 15 Figure 233 Test Site Location 15 looking towards The antenna orientation of houses in this area is not known. The turbines were not operating during the test period. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 44

45 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television 28 <1E7 9A 5 28 <1E <1E7 1 <1E <1E <1E <1E <1E <1E <1E7 BER varies Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Cleared hilly There is excellent reception from both and at present. Reception from both is likely to be affected by the turbines, although the reception should be less affected than that from. Use with a very directional antenna, otherwise use satellite. Table 215 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 15 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 45

46 2.19 LOCATION 1 The test location was Bethania on Leahy Road, Bannister. There are turbines between the properties and the transmitters. The turbines were not turning during the tests. Figure 234 Location 1 Figure 235 Test Site Location 1 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 4

47 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television 1 4E7 9A E5 3 <1E7 5 <1E <1E <1E <1E <1E <1E <1E7 BER varies Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Hilly, light tree cover There is excellent reception from both and at present, although the Gunning Wind Farm was not operating at the time of the test. The Gullen Range turbines are approximately 20 degrees off the paths to the transmitters. Very directional antenna(s). Possible Mitigation This may be easier for the UHF channels at ; particularly as the Gunning turbines may affect reception. Table 21 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 1 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 47

48 2.20 LOCATION 17 This location is 0 Leary Road and has a clear view of turbines towards. The turbines were not rotating at the time of test. Figure 23 Location 17 Figure 237 Test Site Location 17 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 48

49 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television 29 <1E7 9A 5 19 <1E <1E <1E <1E >1E >1E1 2 < >1E >1E1 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Cleared hilly There is excellent reception from at present, although the Gunning Wind Farm was not operating at the time of the test. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception, provided the television antenna has sufficient fronttoback ratio. Directional antenna for reception. Table 217 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 17 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 49

50 2.21 LOCATION 18 This location is at 35 Range Road. Figure 238 Location 18 Figure 239 Test Site Location 18 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 50

51 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN 1 Noise SBCFM 2 Noise db V MER db BER Television E4 9A E E >1E1 27 <1E7 3 5 < < 2 < 5 < 8 < Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Undulating with scattered trees There is reception from at present; the measured reception would be improved with a high gain elevated antenna. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from, provided the television antenna has sufficient fronttoback ratio. Possible Mitigation Directional antenna for reception. Table 218 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 18 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 51

52 2.22 LOCATION 19 This location is on the edge of the town of Grabben Gullen. The measurements were taken outside 3939 Range Road. Figure 240 Location 19 Figure 241 Test Site Location 19 looking towards microwave tower (NE) Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 52

53 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM 4 Noise db V MER db BER Television <41 1 >1E1 9A 38 8 >1E >1E >1E <1E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Gentle undulations, some trees There is poor reception from at VHF; the measured reception would be improved with a high gain elevated antenna. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Directional antenna for reception. Table 219 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 19 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 53

54 2.23 LOCATION 20 This location is adjacent to Grabben Gullen Hall. Figure 242 Location 20 Figure 243 Test Site Location 20 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 54

55 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN 1 Noise SBCFM 0 Noise db V MER db BER Television E 9A E E E <1E7 3 5 <20 <20 2 <20 5 <20 8 <20 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Overcast Hilly with light tree cover There is good reception from at VHF; the measured reception would be improved with a high gain elevated antenna. The nearby residence has good reception but pixellation on some occasions. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Directional antenna for reception. Table 220 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 20 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 55

56 2.24 LOCATION 21 This location is in the township of Grabben Gullen. Figure 244 Location 21 Figure 245 Test Site Location 21 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Some have antennas oriented towards the Orange transmitters. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 5

57 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY Noise ABCFM CBR SNO 5 Noisy GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television E3 9A E E E E Unusable Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Undulating, light tree cover There is variable reception from at VHF; the measured reception would be improved with a high gain elevated antenna. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Directional antenna for reception. Table 221 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 21 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 57

58 2.25 LOCATION 22 This location is at Willow Spring, 1 Hewitts Lane, Grabben Gullen Figure 24 Location 22 Figure 247 Test Site Location 22 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 58

59 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR Noise SNO GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television E7 9A 51 <14 >1E >1E Varies <1E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Undulating, cleared land There is variable reception from at VHF; the measured reception would be improved with a high gain elevated antenna. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Directional antenna for reception. Table 222 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 22 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20

60 2.2 LOCATION 23 This location is on Wheeo Road. Figure 248 Location 23 Figure 249 Test Site Location 23 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 0

61 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN 4 Noise SBCFM 0 Noise db V MER db BER Television >1E1 9A E >1E >1E Varies Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Undulating, cleared There is variable reception from ; the measured reception would be improved with a high gain elevated antenna. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Directional antenna for reception. Table 223 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 23 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 1

62 2.27 LOCATION 24 This location is at 8 Caledonia Street, Grabben Gullen. Figure 250 Location 24 Figure 251 Test Site Location 24 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 2

63 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY 3 Noise ABCFM CBR SNO GN 3 Noise SBCFM 2 Noise db V MER db BER Television <35 >1E1 9A 37 >1E1 <35 >1E1 <35 >1E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine Hilly, light tree cover There is variable reception from ; the measured reception may be improved with a high gain elevated antenna. However, the houses are in a valley and the terrain blocks television reception. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 224 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 24 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 3

64 2.28 LOCATION 25 This location is on Wheeo Road, at the last residence within the 5 km buffer zone. Figure 252 Location 25 Figure 253 Test Site Location 25 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 4

65 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM 3 Noise db V MER db BER Television <38 15 >1E1 9A E E E E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine Hilly, sparse tree cover There is variable reception from ; the measured reception may be improved with a high gain elevated antenna. However, the houses are in a valley and the terrain blocks television reception. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 225 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 25 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 5

66 2.29 LOCATION 2 This location is near 215 and 217 Gunning Road. Figure 254 Location 2 Figure 255 Test Site Location 2 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20

67 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television <1E7 9A E E E5 27 <1E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Hilly woodland. There is variable reception from ; the measured reception may be improved with a high gain elevated antenna. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Very directional antenna for reception or satellite. Table 22 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 2 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 7

68 2. LOCATION 27 The test location is in Glenerin Road, Grabben Gullen. Figure 25 Location 27 Figure 257 Test Site Location 27 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 8

69 FM Radio db V MHz Spectrum 1WAY Noise ABCFM 10 Noise CBR 10 Noise SNO 4 Noise GN 9 Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television 33 >1E1 9A 37 >1E1 34 >1E1 35 >1E >1E1 3 5 <25 <25 2 <25 5 <25 8 <25 Varies Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Hilly, cleared There is poor reception from ; the measured reception may be improved with a high gain elevated antenna. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 227 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 27 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 9

70 2.31 LOCATION Glenerin Road, Grabben Gullen. Figure 258 Location 28 Figure 2 Test Site Location 28 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Some only have satellite antennas. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 70

71 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY 0 Noise ABCFM 10 Noise CBR 7 Noise SNO 2 Noise GN 4 Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television 37 1 >1E1 9A >1E >1E >1E E 3 5 <20 <20 2 <20 5 <20 8 <20 The home is higher than the road. The owner said they have good television reception, but with pixellation on occasions. Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Hilly, cleared. There is poor reception from ; the measured reception would be improved with a high gain elevated antenna. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 228 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 28 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 71

72 2.32 LOCATION 29 Bannister Lane, Gurrundah Figure 20 Location 29 Figure 21 Test Site Location 29 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. At times the Gunning Wind Farm (visible in photo) affects the television reception. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 72

73 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN 0 Noisy SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television E 9A 54 2 <1E <1E <1E <1E >1E >1E1 MER shows reflections Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Hilly with scattered trees There is excellent reception from, albeit somewhat impaired by the Gunning Wind Farm. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 229 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 29 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 73

74 2.33 LOCATION 103 Bannister Lane, Gurrundah. Figure 22 Location Figure 23 Test Site Location looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. The Gunning Wind Farm is visible on the ridge towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 74

75 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television 57 2 <1E7 9A E7 MER Varies E5 Deep null in MER E Gunning affects TV <1E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Weather Comment Fine and clear Undulating, scattered trees Fine and clear There is excellent reception from, albeit somewhat impaired by the Gunning Wind Farm. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 2 Television and FM Radio Reception Location Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 75

76 2.34 LOCATION Bannister Lane, Gurrundah. Figure 24 Location 31 Figure 25 Test Site Location 31 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. The Gunning Wind Farm is visible on the ridge towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 7

77 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television E4 9A E E E <1E Affected by turbines Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Undulating, scattered trees There is good reception from, albeit somewhat impaired by the Gunning Wind Farm. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation If affected by the Gullen Range wind farm alone, a more directional antenna should be sufficient. Otherwise Satellite. Table 231 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 31 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 77

78 2.35 LOCATION Bannister Lane, Gurrundah. Figure 2 Location 32 Figure 27 Test Site Location 32 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. The Gunning Wind Farm is visible on the ridge towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 78

79 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television <1E7 9A <1E E4 Wind farm effects E Wind farm effects 5 2 1E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Undulating, scattered trees There is good reception from, albeit somewhat impaired by the Gunning Wind Farm. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation If affected by the Gullen Range wind farm alone, a more directional antenna should be sufficient. Otherwise Satellite. Table 232 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 32 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 79

80 2.3 LOCATION Bannister Lane, Gurrundah. Figure 28 Location 33 Figure 29 Test Site Location 33 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 80

81 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY Noise ABCFM CBR Noise SNO GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television E4 9A E4 Turbine effects >1E1 Turbine effects E3 27 <1E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and cloudy Hilly, scattered trees There is variable reception from, somewhat impaired by the Gunning Wind Farm. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation If affected by the Gullen Range wind farm alone, a more directional antenna should be sufficient. Otherwise Satellite. Table 233 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 33 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 81

82 2.37 LOCATION 34 Corner Range Road and Walkoms Lane, Gurrundah. Figure 270 Location 34 Figure 271 Test Site Location 34 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 82

83 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television 40 1 >1E1 9A 34 >1E1 38 >1E1 38 >1E E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Fine and clear Level, dense trees at houses There is very poor reception from, although this may be improved with a higher, more directional antenna than that used for test. Comment Possible Mitigation The Gullen Range turbines are likely affect reception from as they are on the direct path to and there is scope for delayed reflections from other turbines. Satellite. Table 234 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 34 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 83

84 2.38 LOCATION 35 Corner of Bannister Lane and Gurrundah Road, Gurrundah. Figure 272 Location 35 Figure 273 Test Site Location 35 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 84

85 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television E 9A >1E E E E E E E E E4 Turbine effects. Site Information Latitude Longitude Comment Possible Mitigation Weather Terrain Fine and clearing fog towards Undulating, sparse tree cover There is variable reception from, somewhat impaired by the Gunning Wind Farm. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. There is poor reception from, although this may be improved with an elevated directional antenna system. The Gullen Range turbines will affect reception from. If the Gullen Range wind farm affects reception, a more directional antenna should be sufficient. Otherwise Satellite. Table 235 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 35 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 85

86 2.39 LOCATION Gurrundah Road, Gurrundah. Figure 274 Location 3 Figure 275 Test Site Location 3 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 8

87 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television <1E7 9A 2 2 <1E7 1 <1E <1E E7 3 5 <20 <20 2 <20 5 <20 8 <20 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and foggy Hilly with scattered trees There is excellent reception from, although the Gunning Wind Farm may impair this. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation If the Gullen Range wind farm affects reception, a more directional antenna should be sufficient. Otherwise Satellite. Table 23 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 3 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 87

88 2.40 LOCATION 37 Mullins Creek Road. Figure 27 Location 37 Figure 277 Test Site Location 37 looking towards Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 88

89 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television <1E 9A 5 20 <1E <1E <1E 58 2 <1E <1E7 29 <1E E <1E <1E7 BER varies to E7 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and foggy Hilly, wooded There is generally very good reception from and, although the Gunning Wind Farm may impair this. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from or. Possible Mitigation If the Gullen Range wind farm affects reception, a more directional antenna should be sufficient. Otherwise Satellite. Table 237 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 37 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 89

90 2.41 LOCATION Mullins Creek Road. Figure 278 Location 38 Figure 279 Test Site Location 38 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards, with some oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 90

91 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television E7 9A 55 2 <1E <1E <1E E E <1E <1E <1E <1E7 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Hilly, sparse tree cover There is good reception from and, although the Gunning Wind Farm may impair this. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from or. More directional antenna system. Table 238 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 38 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 91

92 2.42 LOCATION Gurrundah Road, Gurrundah. Figure 280 Location 39 Figure 281 Test Site Location 39 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. The test site is in a hollow with poor reception. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 92

93 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY Noise ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television 3 1 >1E1 9A E3 3 1 >1E E E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Fine and clear Hilly, light tree cover There is poor reception from ; the Gunning Wind Farm may impair this reception. Comment The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. The Gullen Range Wind Farm may affect reception. Possible Mitigation If the Gullen Range wind farm affects reception from, a more directional antenna may be sufficient. Any impact on reception would require an antenna with a good fronttoback ratio. Table 239 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 39 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 93

94 2.43 LOCATION Gurrundah Road, Gurrundah. Figure 282 Location 40 Figure 283 Test Site Location 40 looking towards Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 94

95 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY 2 Noise ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM 5 Noise db V MER db BER Television <1E7 9A <1E <1E E <1E Varies Site Information Latitude Weather Fine and clear Longitude Terrain Hilly, few trees Comment Possible Mitigation There is good reception from. The Gullen Range wind farm should not affect reception from. Any impact on reception would require an antenna with a good fronttoback ratio. Table 240 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 40 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 95

96 2.44 LOCATION Gurrundah Road, Gurrundah. Figure 284 Location 41 Figure 285 Test Site Location 41 homes are on the hill Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 9

97 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM 8 Noise CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM 14 Noise db V MER db BER Television 22 9A E E >1E E E5 Varying Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Hilly, scattered trees There is variable reception from. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. If the Gullen Range wind farm affects reception from, a more directional antenna should be sufficient. Table 241 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 41 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 97

98 2.45 LOCATION 42 7 Sandy Creek Road. Figure 28 Location 42 Figure 287 Test Site Location 42 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 98

99 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television A E <1E <1E <1E <1E <1E7 Varies to 2E3 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Undulating, scattered trees There is excellent reception from. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. If the Gullen Range wind farm affects reception from, a more directional antenna should be sufficient. Table 242 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 42 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 99

100 2.4 LOCATION Pomeroy Road. Figure 288 Location 43 Figure 289 Test Site Location 43 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April

101 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television E3 9A E E E <1E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Possible Mitigation Fine and clear Undulating, sparse tree cover There is poor reception from. The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. If the Gullen Range wind farm affects reception from, a more directional antenna should be sufficient. Table 243 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 43 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April

102 2.47 LOCATION 44 Riverview, 1022 Pomeroy Road. Figure 290 Location 44 Figure 291 Test Site Location 44 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April

103 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television >1E1 9A >1E Varies >1E E <25 2 <25 5 <25 8 <25 Affected by turbines. MER varies Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Undulating, sparse tree cover There is poor reception from, affected by the Gunning wind farm. The Gullen Range turbines may affect reception from. Possible Mitigation If the Gullen Range wind farm affects reception from, a more directional antenna may improve reception. Otherwise satellite. Table 244 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 44 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April

104 2.48 LOCATION Pomeroy Road. Figure 292 Location 45 Figure 293 Test Site Location 45 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April

105 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television >1E1 9A >1E1 38 <10 >1E1 42 Varies 15 Varies >1E1 3 5 <25 <25 2 <25 5 <25 8 <25 >1E1 Varies Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Hilly, light tree cover There is poor reception from, possibly affected by the Gunning Wind Farm as well as the terrain. An elevated directional antenna may give better results than the test antenna. The Gullen Range turbines are likely to affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 245 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 45 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April

106 2.49 LOCATION 4 8 Pomeroy Road. Figure 294 Location 4 Figure 295 Test Site Location 4 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 10

107 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY Noise ABCFM CBR SNO GN SBCFM db V MER db BER Television E3 9A 3 4 Varies E E E Affected by wind farm. Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Hilly, scattered trees There is poor reception from, affected by the Gunning Wind Farm as well as the terrain. An elevated directional antenna may give better results than the test antenna. The Gullen Range turbines will affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 24 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 4 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April

108 2.50 LOCATION 47 Pomeroy Road. Figure 29 Location 47 Figure 297 Test Site Location 47 There are two residences nearby. One (pictured) has only a satellite antenna. The other has a satellite antenna and an elevated antenna facing. Turbines are visible on the ridge towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April

109 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY Noise ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television 17 9A At second house: db V db V db V db V db V Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Fine and clear Hilly, scattered trees There is poor reception from and, due to the terrain. One house has satellite only now, another has a antenna. Comment The Gullen Range turbines will affect reception from. The Gullen Range turbines will not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 247 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 47 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April

110 2.51 LOCATION Range Road. Figure 298 Location 48 Figure 299 Test Site Location 48 The wind farm is visible on the horizon on the right of the photograph. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 0

111 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY Noise ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television 3 14 >1E1 9A 37 1 >1E >1E >1E E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Fine and clear Hilly, scattered trees There is poor reception from and, although better reception may be available with an elevated directional antenna. Comment The Gullen Range turbines will affect reception from. The Gullen Range turbines will not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 248 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 48 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 1

112 2.52 LOCATION Range Road, Bannister. Figure 2100 Location 49 Figure 2101 Test Site Location 49 looking towards Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 1

113 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY Noise ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television 8 >1E1 9A >1E >1E E E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Fine and clear Hilly, scattered trees There is poor reception from and, although better reception may be available with an elevated directional antenna. Comment The Gullen Range turbines will affect reception from. The Gullen Range turbines will not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 249 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 49 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 3

114 2.53 LOCATION 50 Near Old Bannister Homestead, 2978 Range Road, Bannister. Figure 2102 Location 50 Figure 2103 Test Site Location 50 The antenna on this residence is oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 4

115 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY Noise ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television 32 1 >1E1 9A 3 15 >1E1 34 >1E >1E >1E Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Fine and clear Level, scattered trees There is poor reception from and, although better reception may be available with an elevated directional antenna. Comment The Gullen Range turbines will affect reception from. The Gullen Range turbines will not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 250 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 50 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 5

116 2.54 LOCATION Glanaber Road, off Kialla Road. Figure 2104 Location 51 Figure 2105 Test Site Location 51 The antenna on this residence is oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20

117 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY Noise ABCFM CBR SNO GN Noise SBCFM db V MER db BER Television <1E7 9A <1E <1E <1E <1E E E E4 Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Comment Fine and clear Level, light tree cover There is excellent reception from and poor reception from, although better reception from may be available with an elevated directional antenna. The Gullen Range turbines will affect reception from. The Gullen Range turbines will not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation Satellite. Table 251 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 51 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 7

118 2.55 LOCATION 52 Off Kialla Road. Figure 210 Location 52 Figure 2107 Test Site Location 52 looking towards TV Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. The transmitter mast is visible from the properties (not operating on digital TV at the time). Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 8

119 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY Noise ABCFM CBR SNO GN 3 Noisy SBCFM db V MER db BER Television E3 9A E E E <1E Ch 45 at db V Site Information Latitude Weather Fine and clear Longitude Terrain Level, cleared Comment There is poor reception from and very poor reception from, although better reception from may be available with an elevated directional antenna. The Gullen Range turbines will affect reception from but will not affect reception from. Possible Mitigation ABC television from. Satellite otherwise. Table 252 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 52 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 9

120 2.5 LOCATION Range Road. Figure 2108 Location 53 Figure 2109 Test Site Location 53 Most residences in this area have antennas oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 0

121 FM Radio db V MHz 1WAY ABCFM CBR SNO GN 4 Noisy SBCFM Noise db V MER db BER Television <1E7 9A E E <1E <1E varies Site Information Latitude Weather Longitude Terrain Fine and clear Level, scattered trees There is good reception from and very poor reception from. Comment The Gullen Range turbines should not affect reception from. The Gullen Range turbines will affect reception from. Possible Mitigation More directional antenna for. Table 253 Television and FM Radio Reception Location 53 Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 1

122 2.57 LOCATION Range Road. Figure 20 Location 54 Figure 21 Test Site Location 54 This residence has an antenna oriented towards. Preconstruction Television & Radio Assessments Gullen Range Wind Farm 20 April 20 2