Old Company Name in Catalogs and Other Documents

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1 To our customers, Old Company Name in Catalogs and Other Documents On April 1 st, 2, NEC Electronics Corporation merged with Renesas Technology Corporation, and Renesas Electronics Corporation took over all the business of both companies. Therefore, although the old company name remains in this document, it is a valid Renesas Electronics document. We appreciate your understanding. Renesas Electronics website: April 1 st, 2 Renesas Electronics Corporation Issued by: Renesas Electronics Corporation ( Send any inquiries to

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3 Application Note PHOTOCOUPLERS Document No. P1262EJ1VAN (1st edition) Date Published May 1997 N Printed in Japan 1997

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5 CAUTION Within this device there exists GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) material which is a harmful substance if ingested. Please do not under any circumstances break the hermetic seal. The application circuits and their parameters are for reference only and are not intended for use in actual design-ins. No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of NEC Corporation. NEC Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document. NEC Corporation does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of third parties by or arising from use of a device described herein or any other liability arising from use of such device. No license, either express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of NEC Corporation or of others. M4A 96.

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7 CONTENTS 1. GENERAL FEATURES, PACKAGE DIMENSIONS AND STRUCTURE Features Package Dimensions Structure CHARACTERISTICS VALUE AND MEASURING CHARACTERISTICS VALUE Characteristics Value Measuring Characteristics Value MAIN CHARACTERISTICS Current Transfer Ratio (CTR) CTR vs. IF Characteristics (IF: Forward current flowing through the LED) CTR vs. TA Characteristics (TA: Ambient temperature) Long Term CTR Degradation Response Characteristics APPLICATIONS Power Supply Example Telephone Example PC Card/Modem/Facsimile Example Programmable Controller Example Solid State Relay Example Inverter Conditioner Example Computer and Peripheral Equipment Example CONCLUSION i -

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9 1. GENERAL Recently, photocouplers have been supplanting relays and pulse transformers for complete noise elimination, level conversion, and high-potential isolation. Microprocessor systems are requiring more and more photocouplers on the limited area of PC boards for I/O interface and other purposes. For these requirements, NEC has manufactured photocouplers having 4 pins (for one channel) to 16 pins (for four channels). The photocouplers are divided into PS25xx, PS26xx, PS27xx and PS86xx according to their functions. ( L suffix designates lead bending type for surface mount applications.) This manual describes features, structures, and basic characteristics of the photocouplers. 2. FEATURES, PACKAGE DIMENSIONS AND STRUCTURE 2.1 Features The major feature of photocouplers is very high isolation voltage between input and output. In addition to high isolation voltage, the photocouplers boast high heat resistance and high humidity resistance. Table 1 to Table 5 list the major features of the NEC PS25xx, PS26xx, PS27xx, PS28xx and PS86xx photocouplers. 1

10 Table 1. Features of PS25xx Series Product name * 1 Features Isolation voltage (Vr.m.s.) Input and output functions CTR (%) VCEO (V) MIN. Response tr, tf (Ps) TYP. PS21-1, -2, -4 PS21L-1, -2, -4 PS22-1, -2, -4 PS22L-1, -2, -4 5 k DC input Single Tr. output 8 to 6 8 3, 5 DC input Darlington Tr. output 2 to 4, PS23-1, -2, -4 PS23L-1, -2, -4 Low current, DC input Single Tr. output to 4 4 2, 3 (RL = k:) PS25-1, -2, -4 PS25L-1, -2, -4 PS26-1, -2, -4 PS26L-1, -2, -4 AC input Single Tr. output 8 to 6 8 3, 5 AC input Darlington Tr. output 2 to 4, PS2521-1, -2, -4 PS2521L-1, -2, -4 PS2525-1, -2, -4 PS2525L-1, -2, -4 PS2532-1, -2, -4* 2 PS2532L-1, -2, -4* 2 PS2533-1, -2, -4* 2 PS2533L-1, -2, -4* 2 Large forward, DC input Single Tr. output Large forward, AC input Single Tr. output 5 k DC input Darlington Tr. High 3.75 k* 4 VCEO DC input Darlington Tr. High VCEO 2 to 8 8 3, 5 2 to 8 8 3, 5 to 6 3 3, 5 to 6 3, PS2561-1, -2, -4* 3 DC input Single Tr. output 8 to 4 8 3, 5 PS2561L-1, -2, -4* 3 PS2562-1, -2, -4* 3 DC input Darlington Tr. output 2 to 4, PS2562L-1, -2, -4* 3 PS2565-1, -2, -4* 3 AC input Single Tr. output 8 to 4 8 3, 5 PS2565L-1, -2, -4* 3 PS2566-1, -2, -4* 3 AC input Darlington Tr. output 2 to 4, PS2566L-1, -2, -4* 3 PS2581L1-1, L2-1 5 k DC input Single Tr. output 8 to 4 8 3, 5 *1. L suffix designates lead bending type for surface mount applications. *2. VDE884 Approved *3. Safety standard type (VDE884, BSI, SEMKO, NEMKO, DEMKO, FIMKO) *4. VDE884 speck product (option) 2

11 Table 2. Features of PS26xx Series Product name * 1 Features Isolation voltage (Vr.m.s.) Input and output functions CTR (%) VCEO (V) MIN. Response tr, tf (Ps) TYP. PS261, PS261L* 2 PS262, PS262L* 2 5 k DC input Single Tr. output 8 to 6 8 3, 5 PS263, PS263L* 2 PS264, PS264L PS265, PS265L* 2 PS266, PS266L PS267, PS267L* 2 PS268, PS268L DC input Darlington Tr. output 2 to 4, AC input Single Tr. output 8 to 6 8 3, 5 AC input Darlington Tr. output 2 to 4, PS2621, PS2621L* 2 PS2622, PS2622L PS2625, PS2625L* 2 PS2626, PS2626L PS2631, PS2631L* 2 PS2633, PS2633L* 2 PS2634, PS2634L Large forward, DC input Single Tr. output Large forward, DC input Single Tr. output DC input Single Tr. output High VCEO DC input Darlington Tr. output High VCEO 2 to 8 8 3, 5 2 to 8 8 3, 5 2 to 8 2 3, 5 to 3 3, 5 PS2651, PS2651L2* 2, 3 PS2652, PS2652L2 PS2653, PS2653L2* 2, 3 PS2654, PS2654L DC input Single Tr. output 8 to 4 8 3, 5 DC input Darlington Tr. output 2 to 4, *1. L suffix designates lead bending type for surface mount applications. *2. With base pin type *3. Safety standard type (VDE884, BSI, SEMKO, NEMKO, DEMKO, FIMKO) 3

12 Table 3. Features of PS27xx Series Product name Features Isolation voltage (Vr.m.s.) Input and output functions CTR (%) VCEO (V) MIN. Response tr, tf (Ps) TYP. PS271-1, -2, -4* k DC input Single Tr. output to 3 4 3, 5 PS272-1, -2, -4* 1 DC input Darlington Tr. output 2 to 4, PS273-1, -2, -4* 1 Low current, DC input Single Tr. output to , 5 PS275-1, -2, -4* 1 AC input Single Tr. output to 3 4 3, 5 PS276-1, -2, -4* 1 AC input Darlington Tr. output 2 to 4, PS277-1, -2, -4* 1 Low current, DC input Single Tr. output to 4 8 3, 5 PS2732-1, -2, -4* k DC input Darlington Tr. High to 3 3, 5 PS2733-1, -2, -4* 1 VCEO DC input Darlington Tr. High VCEO to 3, *1. VDE884 Approved Table 4. Features of PS28xx Series Product name Features Isolation voltage (Vr.m.s.) Input and output functions CTR (%) VCEO (V) MIN. Response tr, tf (Ps) TYP. PS281-1, k DC input Single Tr. output 8 to 3 8 3, 5 PS282-1, -4 DC input Darlington Tr. output 2 to 4, PS285-1, -4 AC input Single Tr. output to 3 8 3, 5 PS286-1, -4 AC input Darlington Tr. output 2 to 4, 4

13 Table 5. Features of PS86xx Series Product name Features Isolation voltage (Vr.m.s.) Input and output functions CTR (%) VCEO (V) MIN. Response tphl, tplh (Ps) MAX. PS861* 1 PS861L* 1 Photo diode + Tr. output 5 k DC input 15 to 35.8,.8 PS862* 2 PS862L* 2 Dc input Photo diode + Tr. output 15 to 35.8,.8 *1. With base pin type *2. High CMR r2 kv/ps 5

14 2.2 Package Dimensions Figure 1 to Figure 5 show the dimensions of photocouplers. The photocouplers are very compact and fit for highdensity installation. Figure 1. Package Dimensions of PS25xx Series (Unit: mm) (1/2) (1) 4 to 16 pin DIP (Dual In-line Package) PS25xx-1 (New Package) *1 4.6 ±.35 PS25xx MAX MAX. 2.8 MIN. 3.8 MAX ±.15.5 ± M to MIN ± MAX. 3.8 MAX MIN ±.15.5 ± M to MAX. *1. New Package: PS21-1, PS22-1, PS25-1, PS MAX. 3.8 MAX MAX. 3.8 MAX ±.15.5 ±.1.25 M to 15 PS2581L1 PS25xx-2.2 MAX MIN MAX. 3.8 MAX ±.15.5 ±.1.25 M 2.8 MIN. to PS25xx ±.15.5 ±.1.25 M to 15 6

15 Figure 1. Package Dimensions of PS25xx Series (Unit: mm) (2/2) (2) 4 to 16 pin Lead Bending type (Gull-wing) PS2xL ±.35 PS25xxL MAX. 3.8 MAX ± ± M.5 to.2.9 ± MAX ± M ±.4.5 to.2.9 ±.25 PS2581L2 4.6 ±.35 PS25xxL-2.2 MAX. 3.8 MAX to MAX to ± MAX..25 M.9 ± ± M 9.6 ±.4.9 ±.25 PS25xxL MAX. 3.8 MAX to ± M 9.6 ±.4.9 ±.25 7

16 Figure 2. Package Dimensions of PS26xx Series (Unit: mm) (1) 6 pin DIP (Dual In-line Package) PS26xx.16 MAX. 6 4 PS265x.16 MAX MAX MAX MIN MAX MAX ± MAX..5 ±.1.25 M to MIN ± MAX..5 ±.1.25 M to 15 (2) 6 pin Lead Bending type (Gull-wing) PS26xxL.16 MAX. 6 4 PS265xL2.16 MAX MAX to MAX ±.1.25 M ±.4.9 ± MAX. 3.8 MAX..5 to ± M MAX ± ±.25 8

17 Figure 3. Package Dimensions of PS27xx Series (Unit: mm) 4 to 16 pin SOP (Lead Pitch: 2.54 mm) PS27xx PS27xx MAX ± MAX MAX M 7. ± ± MAX ± MAX MAX M ± ± PS27xx MAX ± MAX M 1.2 MAX ± ±

18 Figure 4. Package Dimensions of PS28xx Series (Unit: mm) 4 to 16 pin SOP (Lead Pitch: 1.27 mm) PS28xx MAX. 4 3 PS28xx MAX. 2.3 MAX..63 MAX ± ± ±.1.12 M.5 ± MAX ± MAX..12 M ±.3 7. ± Figure 5. Package Dimensions of PS86xx Series (Unit: mm) (1) 8 pin DIP (Dual In-line Package) (2) 8 pin Lead Bending type (Gull-wing) PS86xx 8.16 MAX. 5 PS86xxL.16 MAX MAX. 2.8 MIN. 3.8 MAX MAX to ± MAX..5 ±.1.25 M to MAX ±.1.25 M 9.6 ±.4.9 ±.25

19 2.3 Structure Figure 6 shows the internal perspective view of a photocoupler. In a light-tight epoxy resin housing, a lightsensitive element (phototransistor or photo Darlington transistor) with light-transmittable epoxy resin medium between them. A light signal emitted by the LED is transferred to the photosensitive transistor via the internal resin medium. Both the housing resin and the internal resin have the same expansion coefficient. Namely, the photocoupler elements are molded epoxy resin. The high isolation voltage is obtained by the long adjacent area of the inner and outer resins and identical expansion coefficient of the inner and outer resins. Figure 6. Internal Perspective View of Photocoupler 11

20 3. CHARACTERISTICS VALUE AND MEASURING CHARACTERISTICS VALUE 3.1 Characteristics Value Table 6. Photocoupler Characteristics Value Classification Symbol Item Measuring circuit number LED VF Forward voltage 1 IF Forward current 1 VR Reverse voltage 2 IR Reverse current 2 Ct Input capacitance 3 PD Power dissipation Transistor BVCEO Collector to emitter breakdown voltage 4 ICEO Collector to emitter current 5 Coupled CTR Current transfer ratio 6 VCE(sat) Collector saturation voltage 7 RI-O Isolation resistance 8 BV Isolation voltage (AC voltage for 1 minute at TA = 25 qc, RH = 6 % between input and output). 9 CI-O Isolation capacitance ton turn-on time 11 toff turn-off time 11 SOA Safe operation area (DC) SOA Safe operation area (pulse) 12

21 3.2 Measuring Characteristics Value Table 7. Measuring Photocoupler Characteristics Value (1/3) Measuring circuit number Characteristic value Measuring method and conditions Measuring circuit 1 Forward voltage (VF) Let a required current flow across control input terminals and measure the voltage. IF { (ma) (Control input side) IF V VF 2 Reverse current (IR) Apply a voltage across control input terminals in a direction opposite to normal and measure the current. VR { 5 (V) VR = 5 V A IR 3 Input capacitance (Ct) Connect an LCR meter to control input terminals and measure the electrostatic capacitance. V { (V), f { 1 (MHz) A V LCR meter, etc. 4 Collector to emitter breakdown voltage (BVCEO) Step up a voltage slowly across switching terminals and measure the voltage at which a required current begins flowing. IL = 1 ma, IB = A V Semiconductor multimeter, etc. 5 Collector to emitter current (ICEO) Apply a required voltage across switching terminals and measure the current. VCEO { Rated voltage (V) ICEO A Semiconductor multimeter, etc. 13

22 Table 7. Measuring Photocoupler Characteristics Value (2/3) Measuring circuit number Characteristic value Measuring method and conditions Measuring circuit 6 Current transfer ratio (CTR) Measuring procedure: Apply the regulated collector/emitter voltage (VCE) to the output pin of the specimen photocoupler. Adjust the variable power supply on the output side to measure the collector current (ICE) when the forward current (IF) becomes the regulated value. Produce the Current Transfer Ratio (CTR) by the following formula. RS1 A A V RS2 Current Transfer Ratio (CTR) = Collector current (A) Forward current (A) u Measuring conditions which should be regulated. (1) Collector/emitter voltage (VCE) (2) Forward current (IF) (3) Ambient Temperature (TA) 7 Collector saturation voltage (VCE(sat)) Measuring procedure: Flow the regulated forward current (IF) between the input pins of the specimen photocoupler. Adjust the variable power supply on the output side to flow the regulated collector current (ICE) to the outside. Then measure the voltage between the output pins (collector/emitter saturation voltage (VCE(sat)). RS1 A V A RS2 Measuring conditions which should be regulated. (1) Forward current (IF) (2) Collector current (ICE) (3) Ambient Temperature (TA) 8 Isolation resistance (RI-O) Connect an Isolation resistance meter between control input terminals and switching terminals, apply a required voltage, and measure the resistance. VI-O { 1 (kv) A VI-O RI-O = VI-O II-O Isolation resistance meter 14

23 Table 7. Measuring Photocoupler Characteristics Value (3/3) Measuring circuit number Characteristic value Measuring method and conditions Measuring circuit 9 Isolation voltage (BV) AC voltage for 1 minute at TA = 25 qc, RH = 6 % between input terminals and output terminals. A II-O <.5 ma Dielectric strength measuring meter Isolation capacitance (CI-O) Connect an LCR meter between control input terminals and output terminals and measure the electrostatic capacitance. V { (V), f { 1 (MHz) V A LCR meter 11 turn-on time (ton) turn-off time (toff) Apply a rectangular wave voltage, to cause a required current to flow across control input terminals, and connect a load across output terminals that satisfies a required current and voltage. Measure the waveforms for the voltages across control input terminals and across switching terminals, using a time measuring instrument like an oscilloscope, as shown at the right. IF { (ma) RL VCC ½ ¾ (to be defined) V1 V1 Oscilloscope td RL V2 ts % VCC V2 9 % % tr tf ton toff 15

24 4. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS 4.1 Current Transfer Ratio (CTR) The current transfer ratio (CTR) of a photocoupler is the ratio of the value of output current IC to the value of input forward current IF (IC/IF u %). The CTR is a parameter equivalent to the DC current amplification factor hfe of a transistor. The CTR is one of the most significant characteristics of photocouplers as well as isolation voltage. In circuit designing, CTR must be considered first of all because the CTR. 1 is dependent upon forward current IF flowing through the LED. 2 is affected by ambient temperature, and 3 varies as time goes by CTR vs. IF Characteristics (IF: Forward current flowing through the LED) The current transfer ratio (CTR) depends upon the magnitude of a forward current (IF). When IF goes lower or higher than a proper magnitude, the CTR becomes smaller. Figure 7 to Figure 11 show the CTR vs. IF characteristics. Note that rate changes of CTRs are very different at low IF magnitude (approx. 5 ma), middle IF magnitude (approx. 5 ma), and high IF magnitude (approx. 2 ma). Namely, the CTR depends heavily upon the magnitude of forward current IF in lower and higher current ranges. 16

25 Figure 7. CTR vs. IF Characteristics of PS25xx Series (1) PS21, PS25, PS2561, PS2565, PS2581 (2) PS22, PS26, PS2562, PS2566 CTR - Current Transfer Ratio - % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT VCE = 5 V IF - Forward Current - ma CTR Current Transfer Ratio % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT VCE = 2 V IF Forward Current ma (3) PS23 (4) PS2521, PS CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT VCE = 5 V 2 CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT VCE = 3 V CTR - Current Transfer Ratio - % 3 2 CTR Current Transfer Ratio % IF - Forward Current - ma IF Forward Current ma (5) PS2532, PS2533 CTR Current Transfer Ratio % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT VCE = 2 V IF Forward Current ma 17

26 Figure 8. CTR vs. IF Characteristics of PS26xx Series (1) PS261, PS262, PS265, PS266, PS2651, PS2652 (2) PS263, PS264, PS267, PS268, PS2653, PS2654 CTR Current Transfer Ratio % 2 1 CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT VCE = 5 V IF Forward Current ma CTR Current Transfer Ratio % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT IF Forward Current ma VCE = 2 V (3) PS2621, PS2622, PS2625, PS2626 (4) PS2631 CTR Current Transfer Ratio % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT IF Forward Current ma VCE = 3 V CTR Current Transfer Ratio % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT VCE = 5 V IF Forward Current ma (5) PS2633, PS2634 CTR Current Transfer Ratio % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT VCE = 2 V IF Forward Current ma 18

27 Figure 9. CTR vs. IF Characteristics of PS27xx Series (1) PS271, PS275 (2) PS272, PS276 CTR Current Transfer Ratio % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT IF Forward Current ma VCE = 5 V CTR Current Transfer Ratio % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT IF Forward Current ma VCE = 2 V (3) PS273, PS277 (4) PS2732, PS2733 CTR Current Transfer Ratio % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT IF Forward Current ma VCE = 5 V CTR Current Transfer Ratio % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT VCE = 2 V IF Forward Current ma 2 Figure. CTR vs. IF Characteristics of PS28xx Series (1) PS281, PS285 (2) PS282, PS286 CTR - Current Transfer Ratio - % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT VCE = 5 V n = 3 CTR - Current Transfer Ratio - % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT VCE = 2 V IF - Forward Current - ma IF - Forward Current - ma 19

28 Figure 11. CTR vs. IF Characteristics of PS86xx Series PS861, PS862 CTR - Current Transfer Raito - % CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT VCC = 4.5 V VO =.4 V TA = 25 C IF - Forward Current - ma 2

29 4.1.2 CTR vs. TA Characteristics (TA: Ambient temperature) The CTR-Temperature characteristic is greatly affected by the total characteristics of light-emission efficiency of the LED and hfe of the phototransistor as the light-emission efficiency has a negative temperature coefficient and hfe has a positive temperature coefficient. See Figure 12. Figure 12. CTR vs. TA Characteristics Light-emission efficiency of LED hfe of phototransistor CTR TA TA TA Figure 13 to Figure 17 show CTR vs. TA characteristics under various conditions. 21

30 Figure 13. CTR vs. TA Characteristics of PS25xx Series (1) PS21, PS25, PS2561, PS2565, PS2581 (2) PS22, PS26, PS2562, PS2566 CTR - Normalized Output Current 1.2,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.8,,,,, NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = 5 ma, VCE = 5 V TA - Ambient Temperature - C CTR Normalized Output Current NORMALIZED OUTPUT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 o C IF = 1 ma VCE = 2 V TA Ambient Temperature C (3) PS23 (4) PS2521, PS2525 CTR - Normalized Output Current NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = 1 ma, VCE = 5 V CTR Normalized Output Current NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = ma, VCE = 3 V TA - Ambient Temperature - C TA Ambient Temperature C (5) PS2532, PS2533 CTR Normalized Output Current NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = 1 ma, VCE = 2 V TA Ambient Temperature C 22

31 Figure 14. CTR vs. TA Characteristics of PS26xx Series (1) PS261, PS262, PS265, PS266, PS2651, PS2652 (2) PS263, PS264, PS267, PS268, PS2653, PS NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 1.2 NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE CTR Normalized Output Currrent Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = 5 ma, VCE = 5 V TA Ambient Temperature C CTR Normalized Output Current Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = 1 ma, VCE = 2 V TA Ambient Temperature C (3) PS2621, PS2622, PS2625, PS2626 (4) PS2631 CTR Normalized Output Current NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (5) PS2633, PS2634 Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = ma, VCE = 3 V TA Ambient Temperature C, CTR Normalized Output Current NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = 5 ma VCE = 5 V TA Ambient Temperature C,, CTR Normalized Output Current NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = 1 ma, VCE = 2 V TA Ambient Temperature C 23

32 Figure 15. CTR vs. TA Characteristics of PS27xx Series (1) PS271, PS275 (2) PS272, PS276 CTR Normalized Output Current ,,,,,,,,, 55 NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = 5 ma, VCE = 5 V CTR Normalized Output Current 1.2 NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,.8,,,,,,,, Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = 1 ma, VCE = 2 V TA Ambient Temperature C TA Ambient Temperature C (3) PS273, PS277 (4) PS2732, PS2733 CTR Normalized Output Current NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE,,,,,,,,,,, Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = 5 ma, VCE = 5 V TA Ambient Temperature C,, CTR Normalized Output Current 1.2 NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.8,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.6,,,,,,,,.4, Normalized to 1..2 at TA = 25 C IF = 1 ma, VCE = 2V TA Ambient Temperature C Figure 16. CTR vs. TA Characteristics of PS28xx Series (1) PS281, PS285 (2) PS282, PS286 CTR - Normalized Output Current ,, 1.,,,,.8, NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = 5 ma, VCE = 5 V TA - Ambient Temperature - C CTR - Normalized Output Current OUTPUT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE,NORMALIZED Normalized to 1. at TA = 25 C IF = 1 ma VCE = 2 V TA - Ambient Temperature - C

33 Figure 17. CTR vs. TA Characteristics of PS86xx Series PS861, PS862 CTR -Normalized Output Current NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Normalized to at TA = 25 C VCC = 4.5 V VO =.4 V IF = 16 ma TA - Ambient Temperature - C 25

34 4.1.3 Long Term CTR Degradation The current transfer ratio (CTR) of a photocoupler is determined by the light-emission efficiency of the LED (emitting infrared light), efficiency of light transmission between the LED and the phototransistor, light sensitivity of the phototransistor, and hfe of the transistor. The change of a CTR over time is mainly caused by the reduction of the light-emission efficiency of the LED. Generally, the CTR is reduced to a greater extent as the forward current (IF) increases or as the operating temperature increase. Figure 18 respectively shows estimated changes of CTRs of PS25xx, PS26xx, PS27xx, PS28xx and PS86xx photocouplers over time. 26

35 Figure 18. Long Term CTR Degradation (1) PS25xx Series (2) PS26xx Series CTR Degradation (Relative Value) LONG TERM CTR DEGRADATION IF = 5 ma TA = 25 C IF = 5 ma TA = 6 C TYP Operating Time - h CTR Degradation (Relative Value) LONG TERM CTR DEGRADATION 2 IF = 2 ma CTR Test condition IF = 5 ma, VCE = 5 V IF = 5 ma IF = 4 ma Operating Time - h (3) PS27xx Series (4) PS28xx Series CTR Degradation (Relative Value) 1..5 LONG TERM CTR DEGRADATION IF = 1 ma, TA = 25 C IF = 5 ma, TA = 25 C IF = 2 ma, TA = 25 C IF = 2 ma, TA = 6 C CTR Test condition IF = 5 ma, VCE = 5 V CTR Degradation (Relative Value) LONG TERM CTR DEGRADATION IF = 5 ma TA = 25 C IF = 2 ma TA = 25 C IF = 5 ma TA = 6 C TYP Operating Time - h Operating Time - h (5) PS86xx Series LONG TERM CTR DEGRADATION CTR Degradation (Relative Value) IF = 2 ma TA = 25 C TYP. MIN Operating Time h 27

36 4.2 Response Characteristics The response characteristics of photocouplers are the same as those of phototransistors. The fall time tf is expressed by tfv RL hfe CCB RL : Load resistance hfe : CCB : Amplification factor Collector-base capacitance If RL is too high, tf becomes too high to be fit for high-speed signal transmission. Select the proper load resistance for the desired signal rate. Similarly, the collector current must fully satisfy the minimum value of the CTR, CTR vs. TA characteristics, and CTR vs. time characteristics. Otherwise, the phototransistor will operate unsaturated, causing lower response characteristics and malfunction. Figure 19. Test Circuit for Response-time Pulse input PW = s Duty cycle = 1/ µ IF VCC td ton toff ts 9 % Monitor (input) 51 Ω RL VO (Output) % tr tf Figure 2 to Figure 24 show the response time vs. the load resistance which show four CTR parameters. 28

37 Figure 2. Switching Time vs. RL Load Resistance of PS25xx Series (1/2) (1) PS21, PS25, PS2561, PS2565, PS2581 t - Switching Time - µ s 1 1 IF = 5 ma VCC = 5 V TA = 25 C CTR 29 % SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE 1 k 5k k RL - Load Resistance - Ω tf ts tr td k k t - Switching Time - µ s 1.1 SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE 1 k RL - Load Resistance - Ω tf tr td ts IC = 2 ma VCC = V TA = 25 C CTR 29 % 5 k k (2) PS22, PS26, PS2562, PS2566 VCC = 5 V IC = 2 ma CTR = 228 % SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE tf VCC = 5 V IF = 1 ma CTR = 228 % t Switching Time µ s 5 2 ts tf td tr 1 k 5 k RL Load Resistance Ω t Switching Time µ s 3 1 k ts td 5 k k k RL Load Resistance Ω tr (3) PS23 (4) PS2521, PS2525 µ t - Switching Time - s tf SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE td tr ts t Switching Time µ s 5 SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE toff tr ton tf VCC = V IC = 2 ma.1 1 k IF = 1 ma, VCC = 5 V Sample : CTR 29 % at IF = 1 ma 5 k k k k 1 1 k 2 k RL - Load Resistance - Ω RL Load Resistance Ω 29

38 Figure 2. Switching Time vs. RL Load Resistance of PS25xx Series (2/2) (5) PS2532, PS2533 t Switching Time µ s 3 5 SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE VCC = V, IC = ma Pulse Width = 5 ms Duty Cycle = 1/2 tr td tf 1 ts 2 1 k 2 k RL Load Resistance Ω 3

39 Figure 21. Switching Time vs. RL Load Resistance of PS26xx Series (1/2) (1) PS261, PS262, PS265, PS266, PS2651, PS2652 t Switching Time µ s 5 1 VCC = V IC = 2 ma TA = 25 C Sample CTR = 29 % SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE td tr ts ts t Switching Time µ s 5 IF = 5 ma, VCC = 5 V TA = 25 C Sample CTR = 29 % SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE tf ts tr.5 td 1 k 5 k k RL Load Resistance Ω 1 k 5 k k k RL Load Resistance Ω (2) PS263, PS264, PS267, PS268, PS2653, PS2654 (3) PS2621, PS2622, PS2625, PS t Switching Time µ s SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE tf tr toff ton VCC = V IC = 2 ma t Switching Time µ s 5 SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE toff tr ton RL Load Resistance Ω VCC = V IC = 2 ma 1 1 k 2 k tf 1 k 2 k RL Load Resistance Ω 31

40 Figure 21. Switching Time vs. RL Load Resistance of PS26xx Series (2/2) (4) PS2631 (5) PS2633, PS2634 t Switching Time s µ 1 SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE IF = ma VCC = 5 V tf ts td tr t Switching Time µ s 3 5 VCC = V, IC = ma Pulse Width = 5 ms Duty Cycle = 1/2 SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE k 2 k RL Load Resistance Ω tr td tf ts 1 k 5 k k k k RL Load Resistance Ω 32

41 Figure 22. Switching Time vs. RL Load Resistance of PS27xx Series (1/2) (1) PS271, PS275 t Switching Time µ s SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE VCC = 5 V IC = 2 ma ton td ts toff t Switching Time µ s IF = 5 ma VCC = 5 V TA = 25 C CTR = % SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE tf ts tr td 1 k 2 k 1 k 5 k k k k RL Load Resistance Ω RL Load Resistance Ω (2) PS272, PS276 t Switching Time µ s 1 5 VCC = 5 V IC = 2 ma CTR = 2 2 % SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE tr tf td ts t Switching Time µ s 5 1 SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE tf ts tr VCC = 5 V IF = 1 ma TA = 25 C CTR = 2 2 % 2 1 k RL Load Resistance Ω 5 k 1.5 td 1 k k RL Load Resistance Ω k (3) PS273, PS277 t Switching Time µ s 1.1 SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE 1 k RL Load Resistance Ω tf tr VCE = V IC = 2 ma td ts k t Switching Time µ s IF = 5 ma VCC = 5 V TA = 25 C CTR = 9 % SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE td tr 1 k 5 k k kk ts RL Load Resistance Ω tf 33

42 Figure 22. Switching Time vs. RL Load Resistance of PS27xx Series (2/2) (4) PS2732, PS2733 t Switching Time µ s 3 5 VCC = V, IC = ma Pulse Width = 5 ms Duty Cycle = 1/2 SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE tr td tf k RL Load Resistance Ω ts 2 k 34

43 Figure 23. Switching Time vs. RL Load Resistance of PS28xx Series (1) PS281, PS285 t - Switching Time - µ s SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE tf td ts tr VCC = 5 V IC = 2 ma CTR = 236 % t - Switching Time - µ s 1 VCC = 5 V IF = 5 ma CTR = 236 % SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE tr tf td ts.1 1 k 5 k k RL - Load Resistance - Ω.1 1 k k k RL - Load Resistance - Ω (2) PS282, PS286 t - Switching Time - µ s 1 SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE VCC = 5 V IC = 2 ma CTR = 1 9 % tf tr ts td t - Switching Time - µ s 1 VCC = 5 V IF = 1 ma CTR = 1 9 % SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE tf ts tr td 1 1 k 5 k RL - Load Resistance - Ω 1 1 k k k RL - Load Resistance - Ω Figure 24. Switching Time vs. RL Load Resistance of PS86xx Series PS861, PS862 t - Switching Time - µ s SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE VCC = 5 V IF 5 = 16 ma 1.5 tphl tplh.1 1 k 5 k k k k RL - Load Resistance - Ω 35

44 5. APPLICATIONS 5.1 Power Supply Example AC Input Varistor NV( )27D( ) Z Input Rectifier Thyristor 5P4M-6M + Output Rectifier Power SW (Relay or Power MOS FET) + VCR Power Supply Nicd Battery + Control IC µpc99 Power MOS FET Peak Hold IC Micro Computer Photocoupler PS21-1 Error Amplifier µpc93 Recommended devices Part number Function PS21-1 PS PS2581L1-1 PS2581L2-1 PS271-1 PS273-1 PS281-1 PS861 PS862 Feedback circuit 36

45 5.2 Telephone Example LINE Bell Ringing Signal (75 Vr.m.s., 16 Hz) Bell Ringing Detect PS21, PS25 PS271, PS275 PS273, PS277 PS281, PS285 etc. VCC Line Observe PS2521 PS2525 VCC Dial Pulse Generator PS2532, PS2533 PS2732, PS2733 Dialer Circuit CPU OCMOS FET PS7141-1C Speech Circuit IN OUT Recommended devices Part number PS21-1, PS25-1 PS271-1, PS273-1 PS275-1, PS277-1 PS281-1, PS285-1 PS2521-1, PS PS2621, PS2622 PS2625, PS2626 PS2532-1, PS PS2633, PS2634 PS2732-1, PS Function Bell ringing detector Line observer Dial pulse generator 37

46 5.3 PC Card/Modem/Facsimile Example Switching Device: Signal circuit On/Off PS7141/42-1A/2A Ring Telecom. Network TIP Dial pulse Hook Switch Modulator Demodulator Loop current detector Ring signal detector line ON OFF Pulse Generator line ON OFF CPU (NCU controller) PS25-1/2 Isolator b/w Signal Circuit and CPU: Control signal transfer to CPU w/o Noise Recommended devices Part number PS21-1, PS25-1 PS271-1, PS273-1 PS275-1, PS277-1 PS281-1, PS285-1 PS2521-1, PS PS2621, PS2625 PS2622, PS2626 Bell ringing detector Line observer Function 38

47 5.4 Programmable Controller Example PS281-4 µpd4 COM Recommended devices Part number PS21-1, -2, -4, PS22-1, -2, -4 PS25-1, -2, -4, PS26-1, -2, -4 PS271-1, -2, -4, PS272-1, -2, -4 PS273-1, -2, -4, PS275-1, -2, -4 PS276-1, -2, -4, PS277-1, -2, -4 PS281-1, -4, PS282-1, -4 PS285-1, -4 PS21-1, -2, -4, PS22-1, -2, -4 PS271-1, -2, -4, PS272-1, -2, -4 PS273-1, -2, -4 PS281-1, -4, PS282-1, -4 Input side isolation Output side isolation Function 39

48 5.5 Solid State Relay Example Load AC V Recommended devices Part number Function PS21-1 PS261 PS262 PS271-1 PS273-1 Tr. trigger circuit 4

49 5.6 Inverter Conditioner Example Indoor Unit Outdoor Unit AC serg of absorber heater M 8/16 bit microcomputer fan motor voltage rectifucation circuit indoor-outdoor communication PS21 INVERTER CIRCUIT PS862-6pcs 8/16 bit microcomputer Photo coupler sensor of over current motor M M M M left right up down left right steping motor M steping motor valve valve M fan motor Recommended devices Part number Function PS21-1 PS25-1 PS271-1 PS273-1 PS275-1 PS276-1 PS862 PS21-1 Interface indoor and outdoor units Inverter circuit drives IPM Controls 41

50 5.7 Computer and Peripheral Equipment Example CPU Peripharal equipment Recommended devices Part number Function PS21-1 PS261 PS861 PS862 Noise protection 42

51 6. CONCLUSION Demand for photocouplers featuring higher insulation and noise elimination is steadily increasing. At the same time, various problems (change of characteristics by ambient temperature and time elapse) will occur in their circuit design. We hope this manual will be helpful in solving such problems. 43

52 [MEMO] 44