Channel Capacity of MIMO FSO System under Strong Turbulent Condition
|
|
- Chrystal Pope
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal o Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: No: 0 Channel Capacity o IO FSO System under Strong Turbulent Condition Bobby Barua # and Dalia Barua # # Assistant Proessor, Department o EEE, Ahsanullah University o Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh #.Sc. Student, Institute o ICT, Bangladesh University o Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh bobby@aust.edu Abstract Free Space Optics (FSO) or optical wireless communication is a promising solution or the need to very high data rate point-to-point communication. In FSO communication links, atmospheric turbulence causes luctuations in both the intensity and the phase o the received light signal, impairing link perormance. This intensity luctuation, also known as scintillation is one o the most important actors that degrade the perormance o an FSO communication link even under the clear sky condition. This paper investigates the use o multiple lasers and multiple apertures to mitigate the eects o scintillation. Also an analytical approach is presented to evaluate the channel capacity o a ree space optical link using Q-ary optical PP under strong atmospheric turbulent condition. In this view, we propose design rules or optimal channel capacity o the system. Index Term Free space optics (FSO), pulse position modulation (PP), probability o density unction (PDF), channel capacity, I. INTODUCTION Free Space Optical (FSO) communication is a telecommunication technology that uses light propagating in ree space to transmit data between two points. FSO communication links have some distinct advantages over conventional microwave and optical iber communication systems by virtue o their high carrier requencies that permit large capacity, enhanced security, high data rate and so on. Such links are suitable or Gb/s rates over distances in the range o 5 km. However, a number o limitations due to atmospheric turbulence make it diicult to achieve the desired level o perormance [, ]. Atmospheric turbulence-induced ading is one o the main impairments aecting FSO communications.optical signal propagation in ree space is aected by atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors, which ade the signal at the receiver and deteriorate the link perormance. The reliability o an FSO communication system is greatly inluenced by the atmospheric conditions. The beam scattering caused by og and haze can signiicantly reduced the received optical signal level. Again heavy og causes attenuation greater than 300 db/km, thus limits the link length to < 00m. ain and snow aect mainly the radio and microwave requencies but their eects are not deleterious or FSO systems. However FSO can encounter signiicant losses in a clear sky condition due to inhomogeneities in temperature and pressure [3, 4]. So the scintillation severely limits the reliability o FSO links as it deteriorates the signal intensity at the receiver and can even result in complete loss o communication links. The eect o scintillation is more severe or small aperture receivers [5,6]. Several communication techniques to mitigate turbulence-induced intensity luctuations. These techniques are applicable in the regime in which the receiver aperture is smaller than the correlation length o the ading, and the observation interval is shorter than the correlation time o the ading. To enable the transmission under strong the atmospheric turbulence the use o the multi-laser multi-detector (LD) concept has been reported in e. [7,8]. Speciically, we envision separate lasers, assumed to be intensity-modulated only, together with photodetectors (PDs), assumed to be ideal noncoherent (direct-detection) receivers. The sources and detectors are physically situated so that the ading experienced between source detector pairs is statistically independent, and thus, diversity beneits can accrue rom the multiple-input multiple-output (IO) channel [9]. Channel capacity is the maximum achievable data rate that can be reliably communicated between the transmitter and the receiver [0]. In this paper, we develop an analytical approach to evaluate the channel capacity under strong turbulence with Q-ary PP. The developed scheme allows aggregation o F/microwave signals and a conversion to the optical domain in a very natural way and may be a good candidate or hybrid F/microwave-FSO systems. The symbol error probability (SEP) are evaluated with ading in the presence o background radiation. In the determination o SEP it is also assumed that p.i.n. photodiodes are used, and the channel is modeled using Gamma-Gamma distribution or strong turbulence. To determine the channel capacity we employed the concept proposed by Fang Xu in [], although in a dierent context (or multi amplitude/multi phase signaling) IJECS-IJENS April 0 IJENS
2 International Journal o Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: No: 0 Source Channels Transmitter Transmitter eceiver eceiver Users L PP apper Transmitter ilter & Driver ampliier Processor Transmitter eceiver N L Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Fig.. Atmospheric optical IO system with Q-ary PP II. SYSTE ODEL Fig. depicts a block diagram o the physical system under study. laser sources, all pointed toward a distant array o N PDs, are intensity-modulated by an inormation source The laser beam-widths are narrow, but suiciently wide to illuminate the entire PD array. For example, i the hal-power beam-width is 0 mrads, the hal-power spot size at distance km has diameter 0 m. The N optical path pairs may experience ading, and we designate Anm as the amplitude o the path gain (ield strength multiplier) rom m source to detector. A Q-ary PP scheme transmits L=logQ bits per symbol, providing high power eiciency. The total transmitted power Ptot is ixed and independent o the number o lasers so that emitted power per laser is Ptot/. This technique improves the tolerance to atmospheric turbulence, because dierent Q-ary PP symbols experience dierent atmospheric turbulence conditions. At the receiver the received signal r(t) ater optical/electrical conversion is: r( t) h( t) I n( t) () where I 0 is the average transmitted light intensity, I is the corresponding received intensity in an ON PP slot, h is the channel ading coeicient and n is the receiver noise. 0 quantum eiciency. Also a single-channel link analysis is included to suggest typical link parameters. Though the transmission rate is rather lexible, we have in mind systems sending in the range o 00 b/s. Here we consider the chosen parameters rate 00 b/s, the expected number o detected photoelectrons per slot is on the order o 300 in either binary or quaternary PP. Though this is more than adequate or the desired perormance with the ideal photon-counting model, ading and other parameter choices could make this number much smaller. III. CHANNEL ODELING To characterize the FSO channel rom a communication theory perspective, it is useul to give a statistical representation o the scintillation. The reliability o the communication link can be determined i we use a good probabilistic model or the turbulence. Several probability density unctions (PDFs) have been proposed or the intensity variations at the receiver o an optical link. Al- Habash et al. [7] proposed a statistical model that actorizes the irradiance as the product o two independent random processes each with a Gamma PDF. The PDF o the intensity luctuation is given by [7] ( )/ ( ) ( ) ( I) I K( ) ( I), I 0 ( ) ( ) () The aggregate optical ield is detected by each PD, assuming an ideal photon counting model with typical I is the signal intensity, Г(.) is the gamma unction, and K is the modiied Bessel unction o the second kind IJECS-IJENS April 0 IJENS
3 International Journal o Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: No: 0 3. and are PDF parameters describing the scintillation experienced by plane waves, and in the case o zero-inner scale are given by [9] where the integral is interpreted as an N-dimensional integral. Since the Anm variables are assumed independent, the above averaging leads to 0.49 exp /5 7/6 (. ) (3) w wi w i ( ) t( Q, w, i) e ( a) da i l0 N s ( i l ) a l w A i i 0 (8) 0.5 exp /5 5/6 ( 0.69 ) (4) I the channel is under log-normal ading, the probability o zero count in slot at detector n is given by [], n Pr Ts a mn nm h Q P allz 0 slot, A e (9) n where σ is the ytov variance given by[4] I the path gains are independently distributed and identical, the average symbol error is given by [4], σ =.3C n k 7/6 L /6 (5) k = distance, and Cn is the reractive index structure parameter, which we assume to be constant or horizontal paths. IV. THEOETICAL ANALYSIS OF EO POBABILITY First, we assume the channel gain o every laser-detector pair is ixed over a symbol duration. Letting amn denote the amplitude ading on the path rom laser m to photodetector n, we deine the channel gain matrix as A with element [a nm, n =,,N, m =, ]. The probability o symbol error conditioned on the ading variables is P sa ww i w wi s anm ( il) l n m ( ) t( Q, w, i) e (6) i i l0 i To extend the analysis o non-ading link and no background radiation case to the case o link ading, we can simply average the (conditional) symbol error probability o (7), with respect to the joint ading distribution o the Anm variables. We emphasize that this produces the symbol error probability averaged over ades. Formally, we ind by evaluating PS A A( a) da (7) E N a s h Q A A( a) da e A( a) da Q (0) In case o gamma-gamma ading, the probability o zero count in slot at detector n is n Pr Ts a mn nm h Q P allz 0 slot, A e () n I the path gains are independently distributed and identical, the average symbol error becomes E N a s h Q A ( I) di e ( I ) di Q V. CHANNEL CAPACITY () We consider in this paper the case o terrestrial multipleinput multiple-output (IO) channel with FSO systems used over ranges up to several kilometers. In such systems, photon counting is not easible in practice. In act, the received photon lux is important and we can detect the received signal based on the beam intensity directly. Here, we consider the channel capacity or dierent value o Q or intensity-based signal detection. The channel capacity is the maximum o the mutual inormation I(X; Y) between the channel input X and output Y, with respect to the probability mass unction o X: IJECS-IJENS April 0 IJENS
4 International Journal o Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: No: 0 4 PX ( x) C max I X ; Y (3) We assume equiprobable symbols or PP. Without loss o generality, let us assume that the irst slot is ON and the others are OFF. We denote this symbol by x and and N are no. o transmitter and receiver respectively. In addition, let us denote by x k a PP symbol with the k th slot ON. Then the channel capacity YX C YX y x log dy Q Q k Y X y x k Q y x N (4) (I) S.I=3.0 VI. ESULTS AND DISCUSSION Following the analytical approach presented in section IV and V we evaluate the symbol error probability result and estimate the channel capacity o a IO FSO link with Q-ary PP and direct detection scheme under strong turbulence conditions. For the convenience o the readers the parameters used or computation in this paper are shown in table I. Table I System Parameters used or computation Parameter Name Value Bit ate, B r 00 bps odulation Q-PP Order o PP, Q, 4, 8,.. Channel Type Gamma-gamma Scintillation Index, S.I. 3.0 Symbol energy with -70dBJ background noise ytov Variance, x Symbol Energy, E s 0-6 Joules Quantum eiciency, η 0.5 The simulations are perormed using matlab, the inluence o scintillation is modeled assuming Gamma-Gamma distribution, and an ideal photon counting receiver is employed Value o (I) Fig.. Probability o Distribution Function or Gamma-Gamma. The plot o the probability density unction in Fig. or gamma gamma cases with typical value o scintillation index (S.I) and turbulence strength ading varying with and N 0-0 IO,=,N= IO,=,N= IO,=4,N=4 IO,=8,N= Esdb Fig. 3. SEP with varying both and N, or gamma-gamma ading with S.I. =3. Q= and no background noise IJECS-IJENS April 0 IJENS
5 International Journal o Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: No: 0 5 that p.i.n. photodetectors are employed, and evaluate how much we can approach this theoretical limit employing dierent value o Q. We discussed the impact o bitsymbol mapping on the channel capacity as well as on the perormance o the receiver. The analysis shows the beneicial eects rom a diversity standpoint o multiple sources and detectors, and transmit diversity is achieved here without additional special coding. Fig. 4. SEP Channel capacity or dierent number o lasers (), photodetectors (N) and number o slots (Q) in strong turbulence regime (σ =3.0). In particular, notice the gamma-gamma model has a much higher density in the high amplitude region, leading to a more severe impact on system perormance. The SEP are shown in Fig. 3 or several combinations o transmitter and receiver under aded condition. The symbol energy due to background light is set to -70 dbj or system. It is ound that, or IO coniguration, the system provides better perormance also noticed that, SEP improves as the numbers o lasers and photodetectors are increased and in the presence o background light the SEP decreases as the order o the Q-ary PP scheme increases. Fig.4 shows the channel capacity or dierent combination o transmitter and receiver. Here we evaluate the channel capacity or the case o an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. That is to say, we consider the presence o atmospheric turbulence and set the channel ading coeicient to three. From the plots in Fig.4 we ound that the perormance o the channel will improve i we increase the number o transmitter and receiver with proper combination o Q. EFEENCES [] L.C. Andrews,.L. Phillips, Laser Beam Propagation through andom edia, SPIE Optical Engineering Press, Bellingham, WA, 005. []. Uysal, J.Li,. YU, Error rate perormance analysis o coded ree-space optical links over gamma gamma atmospheric turbulence channels, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 5(6), 006, pp [3] N. Cvijetic, S.G. Wilson, and Brandt- Pearce., eceiver optimization in turbulent ree-space optical IO Channels with APDs and Q-ary PP, IEEE photon tehnol.lett.8, (006) [4] J. Strohbehn, Ed. Laser Beam Propagation in the Atmosphere New York: Springer, 978. [5] L. C. Andrews,. L. Phillips, C. Y. Hopen,. A. Al- Habash, Theory o optical scintillation, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 6, (999). [6] S.G. Wilson,. Brands-Pearce, Q. Cao, and J.J.H. Leveque,III, Free-Space optical IO transmission with Q- ary PP, IEEE Trans. Commun.53,40-4(005) [7] G. Ochse, Optical Detection Theory or Laser Applications. NewYork: Wiley- Interscience, 00. [8] B. Saleh, Photoelectron Statistics. Berlin, Germany: Springer- Verlag,978. [9].A. Al-Habash, L.C. Andrews, and. L. Phillips, Optical Engineering 40,pp (00). [0] C. E. Shannon, A mathematical theory o communication, Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 7, pp , Jul./Oct [] F. Xu,.A. Khalighi an S. Bourennane, Pulse Position odulation or FSO Systems:Capacity and Channel Coding 0th International Conerence on Telecommunications - ConTEL 009 pp.3-38 (009). VII. CONCLUSIONS We have analyzed an optical IO system employing QPP across sources with direct detection Gamma gamma model or strong turbulent condition. We determine the channel capacity o this scheme assuming IJECS-IJENS April 0 IJENS
ERROR PROBABILITY ANALYSIS OF FREE-SPACE OPTICAL LINKS WITH DIFFERENT CHANNEL MODEL UNDER TURBULENT CONDITION
EO POBABILITY ANALYSIS OF FEE-SPACE OPTICAL LINKS WITH DIFFEENT CHANNEL MODEL UNDE TUBULENT CONDITION Bobby Barua #, Tanzia Afrin Haque # and Md. ezwan Islam # # Assistant Professor, Department of EEE,
More informationPerformance Analysis of WDM-FSO Link under Turbulence Channel
Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 50 (2016) 160-173 EISSN 2392-2192 Performance Analysis of WDM-FSO Link under Turbulence Channel Mazin Ali A. Ali Department of Physics, College of Science,
More informationUnderstanding the performance of atmospheric free-space laser communications systems using coherent detection
!"#$%&'()*+&, Understanding the performance of atmospheric free-space laser communications systems using coherent detection Aniceto Belmonte Technical University of Catalonia, Department of Signal Theory
More informationLDPC-coded MIMO optical communication over the atmospheric turbulence channel using Q-ary pulse-position modulation
DPC-coded MIMO optical communication over the atmospheric turbulence channel using Q-ary pulse-position modulation Ivan B Djordjevic University of Arizona, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
More informationSPATIAL DIVERSITY TECHNIQUES IN MIMO WITH FREE SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
SPATIAL DIVERSITY TECHNIQUES IN MIMO WITH FREE SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION Ruchi Modi 1, Vineeta Dubey 2, Deepak Garg 3 ABESEC Ghaziabad India, IPEC Ghaziabad India, ABESEC,Gahziabad (India) ABSTRACT In
More informationCapacity and BER Analysis of FSO Link in Adverse Weather Conditions over K-Distribution
Volume 119 No. 1 18, 139-147 ISSN: 1311-88 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu ijpam.eu Capacity and BER Analysis of FSO Link in Adverse Weather Conditions over
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET) STUDY OF DIFFERENT ATMOSPHERIC CHANNEL MODELS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET) International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print)
More informationFSO Link Performance Analysis with Different Modulation Techniques under Atmospheric Turbulence
FSO Link Performance Analysis with Different Modulation Techniques under Atmospheric Turbulence Manish Sahu, Kappala Vinod Kiran, Santos Kumar Das* Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
More informationPerformance analysis of terrestrial WDM-FSO Link under Different Weather Channel
Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 56 (2016) 33-44 EISSN 2392-2192 Performance analysis of terrestrial WDM-FSO Link under Different Weather Channel ABSTRACT Mazin Ali A. Ali Department
More informationComparison in Behavior of FSO System under Clear Weather and FOG Conditions
Comparison in Behavior of FSO System under Clear Weather and FOG Conditions Mohammad Yawar Wani, Prof.(Dr).Karamjit Kaur, Ved Prakash 1 Student,M.Tech. ECE, ASET, Amity University Haryana 2 Professor,
More informationCalculation and Comparison of Turbulence Attenuation by Different Methods
16 L. DORDOVÁ, O. WILFERT, CALCULATION AND COMPARISON OF TURBULENCE ATTENUATION BY DIFFERENT METHODS Calculation and Comparison of Turbulence Attenuation by Different Methods Lucie DORDOVÁ 1, Otakar WILFERT
More informationECE5984 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing and Related Technologies Fall Mohamed Essam Khedr. Channel Estimation
ECE5984 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing and Related Technologies Fall 2007 Mohamed Essam Khedr Channel Estimation Matlab Assignment # Thursday 4 October 2007 Develop an OFDM system with the
More informationEffect of AWGN & Fading (Rayleigh & Rician) Channels on BER Performance of Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Systems
Effect of AWGN & Fading (Rayleigh & Rician) Channels on BER Performance of Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Systems Taissir Y. Elganimi Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, University
More informationThe Performance in FSO Communication Due to Atmospheric Turbulence Via Utilizing New Dual Diffuser Modulation Approach
The Performance in FSO Communication Due to Atmospheric Turbulence Via Utilizing New Dual Diffuser Modulation Approach K. R. Ummul Advanced Communication Engineering, Centre of Excellence, School of Computer
More informationOptical Wireless Communications
Optical Wireless Communications System and Channel Modelling with MATLAB Z. Ghassemlooy W. Popoola S. Rajbhandari W CRC Press Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of
More informationDesign and Analysis of Transceiver for Combating Turbulence Induced Fading over Fso Links
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 9, Issue 1, Ver. VI (Feb. 2014), PP 22-27 Design and Analysis of Transceiver for Combating
More informationDesign & investigation of 32 Channel WDM-FSO Link under Different Weather condition at 5 & 10 Gb/s
Design & investigation of 32 Channel WDM-FSO Link under Different Weather condition at 5 & 10 Gb/s Jaskaran Kaur 1, Manpreet Kaur 2 1 M.Tech scholar/department of Electronics & Communication Engg. SBBS
More informationNorthumbria Research Link
Northumbria Research Link Le Minh, H., Ghassemlooy, Z., Ijaz, M., Rajbhandari, S., Adebanjo, O., Ansari, S., Leitgeb, E. (2010) 'Experimental study of bit error rate of free space optics communications
More informationISSN: (PRINT) ISSN: (ONLINE)
Comparison of channel models based on Atmospheric turbulences of FSO system- A Review Ekta Jarangal, Dr. Divya Dhawan P.G Scholar, ECE Dept., Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh,
More informationReceiver optimization of FSO system with MIMO technique over log-normal channels
OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS RAPID COMMUNICATIONS Vol. 1, No. 7-8, July-August 16, p. 497-52 Receiver optimization of FSO system with MIMO technique over log-normal channels MOHAMED B. EL MASHADE,
More informationFree Space Optical Communication System under Different Weather Conditions
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) e-issn: 2250-3021, p-issn: 2278-8719 Vol. 3, Issue 12 (December. 2013), V2 PP 52-58 Free Space Optical Communication System under Different Weather Conditions Ashish
More informationPerformance Evaluation of Gbps (1.28 Tbps) FSO Link using RZ and NRZ Line Codes
Performance Evaluation of 32 40 Gbps (1.28 Tbps) FSO Link using RZ and NRZ Line Codes Jasvir Singh Assistant Professor EC Department ITM Universe, Vadodara Pushpa Gilawat Balkrishna Shah Assistant Professor
More informationEfficient QoS Provisioning for Free-Space MIMO Optical Links over Atmospheric Turbulence and Misalignment Fading Channels
International journal of scientific and technical research in engineering (IJSTRE) www.ijstre.com Volume 1 Issue 6 ǁ September 16. Efficient QoS Provisioning for Free-Space MIMO Optical Links over Atmospheric
More informationPerformance analysis of bit error rate for free space optical communication with tip-tilt compensation based on gamma gamma distribution
Optica Applicata, Vol. XXXIX, No. 3, 9 Performance analysis of bit error rate for free space optical communication with tip-tilt compensation based on gamma gamma distribution HANLING WU *, HAIXING YAN,
More informationSimulative Analysis of 10 Gbps High Speed Free Space Optical Communication Link
, pp. 139-144 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijfgcn.2016.9.3.13 Simulative Analysis of 10 Gbps High Speed Free Space Optical Communication Link Mehtab Singh ECE Department Satyam Institute of Engineering and
More informationSHORT-RANGE line-of-sight optical links have the potential
IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 23, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2005 1901 Optical Repetition MIMO Transmission With Multipulse PPM Stephen G. Wilson, Senior Member, IEEE, Maïté Brandt-Pearce,
More informationMeasurements of the Beam-Wave Fluctuations over a 142-km Atmospheric Path
Measurements of the Beam-Wave Fluctuations over a 14-km Atmospheric Path N. Perlot, D. Giggenbach, H. Henniger, J. Horwath, M. Knapek and K. Zettl DL, Institute of Communication and Navigation, 834 Wessling,
More informationOptimizing Reception Performance of new UWB Pulse shape over Multipath Channel using MMSE Adaptive Algorithm
IOSR Journal o Engineering (IOSRJEN) ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 Vol. 05, Issue 01 (January. 2015), V1 PP 44-57 www.iosrjen.org Optimizing Reception Perormance o new UWB Pulse shape over Multipath
More informationNew metallic mesh designing with high electromagnetic shielding
MATEC Web o Conerences 189, 01003 (018) MEAMT 018 https://doi.org/10.1051/mateccon/01818901003 New metallic mesh designing with high electromagnetic shielding Longjia Qiu 1,,*, Li Li 1,, Zhieng Pan 1,,
More informationWireless Channel Modeling (Modeling, Simulation, and Mitigation)
Wireless Channel Modeling (Modeling, Simulation, and Mitigation) Dr. Syed Junaid Nawaz Assistant Proessor Department o Electrical Engineering COMSATS Institute o Inormation Technology Islamabad, Paistan.
More informationANALYSIS OF BIT ERROR RATE IN FREE SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
ANALYSIS OF BIT ERROR RATE IN FREE SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Pawan Kumar 1, Sudhanshu Kumar 2, V. K. Srivastava 3 NIET, Greater Noida, UP, (India) ABSTRACT During the past five years, the commercial
More informationFiber Optic Communication Link Design
Fiber Optic Communication Link Design By Michael J. Fujita, S.K. Ramesh, PhD, Russell L. Tatro Abstract The fundamental building blocks of an optical fiber transmission link are the optical source, the
More informationMeasuring the Speed of Light
Physics Teaching Laboratory Measuring the peed o Light Introduction: The goal o this experiment is to measure the speed o light, c. The experiment relies on the technique o heterodyning, a very useul tool
More information1680 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A / Vol. 29, No. 8 / August 2012 Faridzadeh et al.
1680 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A / Vol. 29, No. 8 / August 2012 Faridzadeh et al. Hybrid pulse position modulation and binary phase shift keying subcarrier intensity modulation for free space optics in a weak and
More informationEXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION/ANALYSIS OF FIBER-BUNDLE- BASED RECEIVER PERFORMANCE
EXPEIMENTAL DEMONSTATION/ANALYSIS OF FIBE-BUNDLE- BASED ECEIVE PEFOMANCE Peter LoPresti, Stephen Pondelik, Nan Ye, Smily Prathipaty, Sarah Spaunhorst, Department o Electrical Engineering, University o
More informationSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 25 (3): 859-870 (2017) SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Journal homepage: http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/ Review of Channel Modelling for Optical Wireless Links Miglani, R. 1 * and Malhotra,
More informationPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OVER MIMO FREE SPACE OPTICAL CHANNELS
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OVER MIMO FREE SPACE OPTICAL CHANNELS By Qianling Cao SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE AT UNIVERSITY
More informationComparison of Polarization Shift Keying and Amplitude Shift Keying Modulation Techniques in FSO
Comparison of Polarization Shift Keying and Amplitude Shift Keying Modulation Techniques in FSO Jeema P. 1, Vidya Raj 2 PG Student [OEC], Dept. of ECE, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India
More informationCOMPARISON OF MODULATION SCHEMES USED IN FSO COMMUNICATION M. Rama Narmada 1, K. Nithya 2, P. Ashok 3 1,2,3
COMPARISON OF MODULATION SCHEMES USED IN FSO COMMUNICATION M. Rama Narmada 1, K. Nithya 2, P. Ashok 3 1,2,3 Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College Abstract The semiconductor diode called
More informationSplitting femtosecond laser pulses by using a Dammann grating
Splitting emtosecond laser pulses by using a Guowei Li, Changhe Zhou, Enwen Dai Shanghai Institute o Optics and Fine Mechanics, Inormation Optics Lab, Academia Sinica, Graduate o the Chinese Academy o
More informationLousy Processing Increases Energy Efficiency in Massive MIMO Systems
1 Lousy Processing Increases Energy Eiciency in Massive MIMO Systems Sara Gunnarsson, Micaela Bortas, Yanxiang Huang, Cheng-Ming Chen, Liesbet Van der Perre and Ove Edors Department o EIT, Lund University,
More informationJan M. Kelner, Cezary Ziółkowski, Leszek Kachel The empirical verification of the location method based on the Doppler effect Proceedings:
Authors: Jan M. Kelner, Cezary Ziółkowski, Leszek Kachel Title: The empirical veriication o the location method based on the Doppler eect Proceedings: Proceedings o MIKON-8 Volume: 3 Pages: 755-758 Conerence:
More informationAnalysis of optical signal propagation through free space optical medium
Analysis of optical signal propagation through free space optical medium Sathyasree J 1, Sivaranjani A 2, Ashok P 3 1,2 UG Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Prince Shri
More informationLecture 8 Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 8, Slide 1
Lecture 8 Bit error rate The Q value Receiver sensitivity Sensitivity degradation Extinction ratio RIN Timing jitter Chirp Forward error correction Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 8, Slide Bit error
More informationError Analysis of Multi-Hop Free-Space Optical Communication
Error Analysis of Multi-Hop Free-Space Optical Communication Jayasri Akella, Murat Yuksel, Shiv Kalyanaraman Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
More informationInvestigating Wavelength Dependency of Terrestrial Free Space Optical Communication Link
2016 IJSRST Volume 2 Issue 2 Print ISSN: 2395-6011 Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Science and Technology Investigating Wavelength Dependency of Terrestrial Free Space Optical Communication Link
More informationANALYSIS OF OUTAGE PROBABILITY IN COHERENT OFDM AND FAST-OFDM SYSTEMS IN TERRESTRIAL AND UNDERWATER WIRELESS OPTICAL COMMUNICATION LINKS
ANALYSIS OF OUTAGE PROBABILITY IN COHERENT OFDM AND FAST-OFDM SYSTEMS IN TERRESTRIAL AND UNDERWATER WIRELESS OPTICAL COMMUNICATION LINKS Abhishek Varshney and Sangeetha A School of Electronics Engineering
More informationUltra High Capacity Wavelength Division Multiplexed Optical Wireless Communication System
Ultra High Capacity Wavelength Division Multiplexed Optical Wireless Communication System 1 Meenakshi, 2 Gurinder Singh 1 Student, 2 Assistant Professor 1 Electronics and communication, 1 Ludhiana College
More informationInitial measurements of atmospheric parameters in a marine environment
Initial measurements of atmospheric parameters in a marine environment Frida Strömqvist Vetelino a, Cynthia Young a, Kenneth Grant b, Linda Wasiczko c, Harris Burris d, Christopher Moore c, Rita Mahon
More informationAPPLICATION NOTE #1. Phase NoiseTheory and Measurement 1 INTRODUCTION
Tommorrow s Phase Noise Testing Today 35 South Service Road Plainview, NY 803 TEL: 56-694-6700 FAX: 56-694-677 APPLICATION NOTE # Phase NoiseTheory and Measurement INTRODUCTION Today, noise measurements
More information287. The Transient behavior of rails used in electromagnetic railguns: numerical investigations at constant loading velocities
287. The Transient behavior o rails used in electromagnetic railguns: numerical investigations at constant loading velocities L. Tumonis 1, a, R. Kačianauskas 1,b, A. Kačeniauskas 2,c, M. Schneider 3,d
More informationModelling and Characterization of Subcarrier Intensity Modulation Based Free Space Optical Communication
U.S.Jayakrishnan and A.Prabin 1 PG Scholar, 2 Head,Dept. of ECE, Travancore Engineering College, Kollam, India E-mail:usjayakrishnan@gmail.com, prabin.aso@gmail.com Abstract - This paper is an investigation
More informationECEN 5014, Spring 2013 Special Topics: Active Microwave Circuits and MMICs Zoya Popovic, University of Colorado, Boulder
ECEN 5014, Spring 2013 Special Topics: Active Microwave Circuits and MMICs Zoya Popovic, University o Colorado, Boulder LECTURE 13 PHASE NOISE L13.1. INTRODUCTION The requency stability o an oscillator
More informationSimulation Results for Permutation Trellis Codes using M-ary FSK
Simulation Results or Permutation Trellis Codes using M-ary FSK T.G. Swart, I. de Beer, H.C. Ferreira Department o Electrical and Electronic Engineering University o Johannesburg Auckland Park, South Arica
More informationGeneralized Frequency Division Multiplexing: Analysis of an Alternative Multi-Carrier Technique for Next Generation Cellular Systems
Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing: Analysis o an Alternative Multi-Carrier Technique or Next Generation Cellular Systems Nicola Michailow, Ivan Gaspar, Stean Krone, Michael Lentmaier, Gerhard
More informationSinusoidal signal. Arbitrary signal. Periodic rectangular pulse. Sampling function. Sampled sinusoidal signal. Sampled arbitrary signal
Techniques o Physics Worksheet 4 Digital Signal Processing 1 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing The ield o digital signal processing (DSP) is concerned with the processing o signals that have been
More informationON THE BER OF MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT UNDERWATERWIRELESS OPTICAL CDMA NETWORK: REVIEW
ON THE BER OF MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT UNDERWATERWIRELESS OPTICAL CDMA NETWORK: REVIEW Neetika 1, Satish Kumar 2 1,2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amity University, Lucknow
More informationAnalysis of Power Consumption of H.264/AVC-based Video Sensor Networks through Modeling the Encoding Complexity and Bitrate
Analysis o Power Consumption o H.264/AVC-based Video Sensor Networks through Modeling the Encoding Complexity and Bitrate Bambang A.B. Sari, Panos Nasiopoulos and Victor C.M. eung Department o Electrical
More informationICT 5305 Mobile Communications. Lecture - 3 April Dr. Hossen Asiful Mustafa
ICT 5305 Mobile Communications Lecture - 3 April 2016 Dr. Hossen Asiul Mustaa Advanced Phase Shit Keying Q BPSK (Binary Phase Shit Keying): bit value 0: sine wave bit value 1: inverted sine wave very simple
More informationINVESTIGATION OF NON CHIRPED NRZ, CHIRPED NRZ AND ALTERNATE-CHIRPED NRZ MODULATION TECHNIQUES FOR FREE SPACE OPTIC (FSO) SYSTEMS
INVESTIGATION OF NON CHIRPED NRZ, CHIRPED NRZ AND ALTERNATE-CHIRPED NRZ MODULATION TECHNIQUES FOR FREE SPACE OPTIC (FSO) SYSTEMS Rezki El Arif 1,2, M. B. Othman 1 and S. H. Pramono 2 1 Optical Fiber and
More informationGeneralized Frequency Division Multiplexing: Analysis of An Alternative Multi-Carrier Technique for Next Generation Cellular Systems
Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing: Analysis o An Alternative Multi-Carrier Technique or Next Generation Cellular Systems Michailow, Nicola; Gaspar, Ivan; Krone, Stean; Lentmaier, Michael; Fettweis,
More informationIEEE Broadband Wireless Access Working Group <
Project Title IEEE 80.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group Channel and intererence model or 80.16b Physical Layer Date Submitted Source(s) Re: 000-31-09 Tal Kaitz BreezeCOM
More informationOn the Impact of Fading and Inter-piconet Interference on Bluetooth Performance
On the Impact o Fading and Inter-piconet Intererence on Bluetooth Perormance Andrea Zanella Dept. o Inormation Engineering University o Padova, Padova, Italy zanella@dei.unipd.it Andrea Tonello Bell Labs,
More informationOn the Impact of Carrier Frequency Offsets in OFDM/SDMA Systems
On the Impact o Carrier Frequency Osets in OFDM/SDMA Systems Sheng Zhou, Kai Zhang and Zhisheng Niu State Key Lab on Microwave and Digital Communications Dept. o Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University,
More informationPerformance Evaluation of Intensity Modulation for Satellite laser Communication
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 11, Number 12 (2018), pp. 2199-2204 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Performance Evaluation
More informationEEE 311: Digital Signal Processing I
EEE 311: Digital Signal Processing I Course Teacher: Dr Newaz Md Syur Rahim Associated Proessor, Dept o EEE, BUET, Dhaka 1000 Syllabus: As mentioned in your course calendar Reerence Books: 1 Digital Signal
More informationPerformance Evaluation of FSO Link Under NRZ-RZ Line Codes, Different Weather Conditions and Receiver Types in the Presence of Pointing Errors
Send Orders of Reprints at bspsaif@emirates.net.ae 28 The Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal, 2012, 6, 28-35 Open Access Performance Evaluation of FSO Link Under NRZ-RZ Line Codes, Different
More informationNurizan binti Tahir, M. Naufal bin M. Saad, and Brahim Belhaouari Samir. Universiti Teknologi Petronas Tronoh, Perak.
Binary Pulse Position Modulation (BPPM) Bit Error Rate (BER) Analysis in Turbulent Atmosphere Binary Pulse Position Modulation (BPPM) Bit Error Rate (BER) Analysis in Turbulent Atmosphere Nurizan binti
More informationPredicting the performance of a photodetector
Page 1 Predicting the perormance o a photodetector by Fred Perry, Boston Electronics Corporation, 91 Boylston Street, Brookline, MA 02445 USA. Comments and corrections and questions are welcome. The perormance
More informationThe fourier spectrum analysis of optical feedback self-mixing signal under weak and moderate feedback
University o Wollongong Research Online Faculty o Inormatics - Papers (Archive) Faculty o Engineering and Inormation Sciences 8 The ourier spectrum analysis o optical eedback sel-mixing signal under weak
More informationComparative Analysis of Inter Satellite Links using Free Space Optical Communication with OOK and QPSK Modulation Techniques in Turbo Codes
Comparative Analysis of Inter Satellite Links using Free Space Optical Communication with OOK and QPSK Modulation Techniques in Turbo Codes ARUN KUMAR CHOUHAN Electronics and Communication Engineering
More informationDesign of External Cavity Semiconductor Lasers to Suppress Wavelength Shift and Mode Hopping
ST/03/055/PM Design o External Cavity Semiconductor Lasers to Suppress Wavelength Shit and Mode Hopping L. Zhao and Z. P. Fang Abstract In this report, a model o ernal cavity semiconductor laser is built,
More informationComparative Channel Capacity Analysis of a MIMO Rayleigh Fading Channel with Different Antenna Spacing and Number of Nodes
Comparative Channel Capacity Analysis of a MIMO Rayleigh Fading Channel with Different Antenna Spacing and Number of Nodes Anand Jain 1, Kapil Kumawat, Harish Maheshwari 3 1 Scholar, M. Tech., Digital
More informationAdaptive Antennas for Wireless Communications
Adaptive Antennas or Wireless Communications Jan Hesselbarth University o Stuttgart Institute or Radio Frequency Technology < 1 > Adaptive Antennas or Wireless Communications outline: mobile data growth
More informationCHAPTER 3 JITTER EFFECTS AND FSO MODULATION TECHNIQUES
46 CHAPTER 3 JITTER EFFECTS AND FSO MODULATION TECHNIQUES This chapter discusses the theory of jitter effects and the introduction of the various modulation schemes employed in this investigation. 3.1
More informationChannel coding and time-diversity for optical wireless links
Channel coding and time-diversity for optical wireless links Fang Xu, Ali Khalighi, Patrice Caussé, Salah Bourennane École Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR CNRS 6133, Domaine Universitaire de
More informationFree Space Optical Communication System under all weather conditions using DWDM
Free Space Optical Communication System under all weather conditions using DWDM 1 Vivek Takhi, 2 Simranjit Singh 1, 2 Department of ECE, Punjabi University, Patiala, India Abstract: In this paper, the
More informationPerformance Analysis of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Free Space Optical Communication System
1 Performance Analysis of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Free Space Optical Communication System uijie Li and Anhong Dang Abstract In this paper, a multipoint-to-point system consisting users and a
More informationDATA RATE ANALYSIS AND COMPARING THE EFFECT OF FOG AND SNOW FOR FREE SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Vol. 1, Spl. Issue 2 (May, 2014) e-issn: 1694-2310 p-issn: 1694-2426 GV/ICRTEDC/12 DATA RATE ANALYSIS AND COMPARING THE EFFECT OF FOG AND SNOW FOR FREE SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 1 Er. Sagar, 2
More informationPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT M-ARY MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN FADING CHANNELS USING DIFFERENT DIVERSITY
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT M-ARY MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN FADING CHANNELS USING DIFFERENT DIVERSITY 1 MOHAMMAD RIAZ AHMED, 1 MD.RUMEN AHMED, 1 MD.RUHUL AMIN ROBIN, 1 MD.ASADUZZAMAN, 2 MD.MAHBUB
More informationInternational Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR) (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research)
International Association of Scientific Innovation and esearch (IASI) (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied esearch) International Journal of Engineering, Business and Enterprise
More informationContent. Basics of UWB Technologies - Utilization of Wide Spectrum - History and Recent Trend of UWB UWB
ontent Basics o UWB Technologies - Utilization o Wide Spectrum - What is UWB History and Recent Trend o UWB Principle o UWB Application o UWB Technical Issues or Antennas & RF ircuits Intererence Problem
More information3376 JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 26, NO. 19, OCTOBER 1, /$ IEEE
3376 JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 26, NO. 19, OCTOBER 1, 2008 Information Theoretic Limits for Free-Space Optical Channels With and Without Memory Stojan Z. Denic, Member, IEEE, Ivan Djordjevic,
More informationIntroduction to OFDM. Characteristics of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Introduction to OFDM Characteristics o OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Parallel data transmission with very long symbol duration - Robust under multi-path channels Transormation o a requency-selective
More informationAll Digital Phase-Locked Loops, its Advantages and Performance Limitations
All Digital Phase-Locked Loops, its Advantages and Perormance Limitations Win Chaivipas, Philips Oh, and Akira Matsuawa Matsuawa Laboratory, Department o Physical Electronics, Tokyo Institute o Technology
More informationSAW STABILIZED MICROWAVE GENERATOR ELABORATION
SAW STABILIZED MICROWAVE GENERATOR ELABORATION Dobromir Arabadzhiev, Ivan Avramov*, Anna Andonova, Philip Philipov * Institute o Solid State Physics - BAS, 672, Tzarigradsko Choussee, blvd, 1784,Soia,
More informationDeep- Space Optical Communication Link Requirements
Deep- Space Optical Communication Link Requirements Professor Chester S. Gardner Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois cgardner@illinois.edu Link Equation: For a free-
More informationOptimization of the apodization strength for linearly chirped Bragg grating dispersion compensators in optical fiber communications links
Optimization o the apodization strength or linearly chirped Bragg grating dispersion compensators in optical iber communications links P. FERNÁNDEZ, J.C. AGUADO, J. BAS, F. GONZÁEZ, I. DE MIGUE, J. DURÁN,
More informationUMRR: A 24GHz Medium Range Radar Platform
UMRR: A 24GHz Medium Range Radar Platorm Dr.-Ing. Ralph Mende, Managing Director smart microwave sensors GmbH Phone: +49 (531) 39023 0 / Fax: +49 (531) 39023 58 / ralph.mende@smartmicro.de Mittelweg 7
More informationAnalysis of Coherent MPSK-OFDMA Signals in FSO Communication System under Complex Weather Conditions
2017 3rd International Conference on Computational Systems and Communications (ICCSC 2017) Analysis of Coherent MPSK-OFDMA Signals in FSO Communication System under Complex Weather Conditions Junyi Zhou1,
More informationContent. Basics of UWB Technologies - Utilization of Wide Spectrum - History and Recent Trend of UWB UWB
ontent Basics o UWB Technologies - Utilization o Wide Spectrum - What is UWB History and Recent Trend o UWB Principle o UWB Application o UWB Technical Issues or Antennas & RF ircuits Intererence Problem
More informationFlexible Coherent Digital Transceiver for Low Power Space Missions 1, 2
Flexible Coherent Digital Transceiver or Low Power Space Missions, Christopher B. Haskins, Wesley P. Millard, J. obert Jensen Johns Hopkins University ~ Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) 00 Johns Hopkins
More informationPerformance Analysis of SAC OCDMA in FSO system using SPD Technique with APD for Different Weather Conditions
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 12, Issue 3, Ver. II (May - June 2017), PP 07-12 www.iosrjournals.org Performance Analysis
More informationMazin Ali A. Ali AL-Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Physics Department, Iraq-Baghdad
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 1, January-015 1350 FSO Communication Characteristics under Fog Weather Condition Mazin Ali A. Ali AL-Mustansiriyah University,
More informationChapter 6: Introduction to Digital Communication
93 Chapter 6: Introduction to Digital Communication 6.1 Introduction In the context o this course, digital communications include systems where relatively high-requency analog carriers are modulated y
More informationDetection and direction-finding of spread spectrum signals using correlation and narrowband interference rejection
Detection and direction-inding o spread spectrum signals using correlation and narrowband intererence rejection Ulrika Ahnström,2,JohanFalk,3, Peter Händel,3, Maria Wikström Department o Electronic Warare
More informationFrequency-Hopped Multiple-Access Communications with Multicarrier On Off Keying in Rayleigh Fading Channels
1692 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 48, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2000 Frequency-Hopped Multiple-Access Communications with Multicarrier On Off Keying in Rayleigh Fading Channels Seung Ho Kim and Sang
More informationPERFORMANCE OF FSO LINKS USING VARIOUS MODULATION TECHNIQUES AND CLOUD EFFECT
PERFORMANCE OF FSO LINKS USING VARIOUS MODULATION TECHNIQUES AND CLOUD EFFECT Prof JABEENA A, SRAJAN SAXENA VIT UNIVERSITY VELLORE (T.N), srajansaxena26694@gmail.com, 8056469941 ABSTRACT - Free space optical
More informationPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF INTERSATELLITE OPTICAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION WITH MULTIPLE TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVERS
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF INTERSATELLITE OPTICAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION WITH MULTIPLE TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVERS Kuldeepak Singh*, Dr. Manjeet Singh** Student*, Professor** Abstract Multiple transmitters/receivers
More informationSYSTEM DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE FREE SPACE OPTICS (FSO) SYSTEM IN ATMOHSPHERIC TURBULENCE
SYSTEM DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE FREE SPACE OPTICS (FSO) SYSTEM IN ATMOHSPHERIC TURBULENCE Nikunj R. Chauhan 1, Mehul K. Vala 2 1Student, Electronics and Communication, SSEC Bhavnagar, Gujarat,
More information