Forum for Electromagnetic Research Methods and Application Technologies (FERMAT)

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1 Forum for Electromagnetic Research Methods and Application Technologies (FERMAT) Design of High Efficiency Broadband Fresnel Zone lens antenna at K Band By Yujie Liu, Yuehe Ge and Wei Tang College of Information Science and Engineering Huaqiao University, China yuehe@ieee.org Abstract: In this paper, a novel 24 GHz flat Fresnel zone plate lens antenna has been presented. It consists of three dielectric layers separated by the air gaps and six identical metallic patterns printed on the top and bottom surfaces of each layer. According to the design principle of the quarter-wave Fresnel zone lens, three required phase correction schemes are chosen, -270 degree, -180 degree, and -90 degree, which are realized by tuning the width of the conducting shapes. Simulations show that the presented lens antenna has an aperture efficiency of more than 44.5% in the band of 21.7GHz~24 GHz, a directivity of 27.7 dbi, and a 1 db bandwidth of about 10.18%. Keywords: broadband; high aperture efficiency; lens antenna; fresnel zone;k band. References: 1. J. M. Rodriguez, H. D.Hristov, and W. Grote, Fresnel Zone Plate and Ordinary Lens Antennas: Comparative Study at Microwave and Terahertz Frequencies, Proceedings of the 41 st European Microwave Conference, pp.10-13, October 2011, Manchester,UK 2. N. Gagnon, A. Petosa, and D. A. McNamara, Thin microwave quasi-transparent phase-shifting surface (PSS), IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 58, no. 4, pp , Apr N. Gagnon, A. Petosa, and D. A. McNamara, Thin microwave phase-shifting surface (PSS) lens antenna made of square elements, IET Electron. Lett., vol. 46, no. 5, pp , Mar L. P. Kamburov, J. M. Rodriguez, J. R. Urumov, and H. D. hristov, Millimeter- Wave Conical Fresnel Zone Lens of flat Dielectric Rings, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62, No.4, April *This use of this work is restricted solely for academic purposes. The author of this work owns the copyright and no reproduction in any form is permitted without written permission by the author.*

2 Yuehe Ge (S 99-M 03) received the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering from Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, Currently he is a Professor of the College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, China. Previously, he was a Research Fellow in the Department of Electronic Engineering, Macquarie University, Australia. Before joining to Macquarie University, he was an Antenna Engineer at Nanjing Marine Radar Institute, China. His research interests are in the areas of antenna theory and designs for radar and communication applications, computational electromagnetics and optimization methods, metamaterials and their applications. He has authored and co-authored over 120 journal and conference publications and 2 book chapters. Dr. Ge received several prestigious prizes from China State Shipbuilding Corporation and China Ship Research & Development Academy, due to his contributions to China State research projects. He received 2000 IEEE MTT-S Graduate Fellowship Awards and 2002 Max Symons Memorial Prize of IEEE NSW Section, Australia, for the best student paper. He is the co-winner of 2004 Macquarie University Innovation Awards- Invention Disclosure Award. He has served as a technical reviewer for over 10 international journals and conferences. Yujie Liu received the B.S. degree in electronic science and technology from Guilin University of Electronic Technology, China and M.S degree in electromagnetic field and electromagnetic wave from Huaqiao University, China, in 2012 and 2015, respectively. Now, he is an engineer in Kuang-Chi advanced institute of science and technology. His research interests in metamaterials, millimeter flat lens antennas and satellite communication antennas.

3 Design of High Efficiency Broadband Fresnel Zone Lens Antenna at K band Yujie Liu, Yuehe Ge and Wei Tang College of Information Science and Engineering Huaqiao University, China yuehe@ieee.org

4 Motivation Investigating low-profile low-cost broadband high-gain planar lens antennas The principle of the quarter-wave Fresnel zones is applied to design planar lens antenna. This work aims to obtain thin or low-profile plate lens with relatively high efficiency.

5 Characteristics of Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) Lens Antennas The FZP lenses/lens antennas are narrowband compared to the ordinary ones. All parameter similarities hold in a relatively smaller bandwidth The FZP lenses are very much smaller in thickness, volume and weight than the ordinary lenses and this leads to a creation of lighter lens antennas. Besides, the diffractive plane-step FZP lenses are easy to product and have better fabrication-error tolerance

6 Examples of Dielectric Lenses

7 Shaya Karimkashi and Ahmed A.Kishk, Focusing Properties of Fresnel Zone Plate Lens Antennas in the Near-Field Region, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL.59,NO.5, May 2011

8 Summary FZP antenna construction is much lighter and has significant structural and technological advantages. Realizing beam scanning. Achieving high Gain and high efficiency.

9 Design Principle of Fresnel zone lens antennas In principle, the Fresnel zone plate lens is a stepwise phase transformation. In the case of the quarter wave Fresnel zone lens the maximum phase deviation in the antenna aperture equals to The region transitions of the presented lens antenna are determined using the traditional Fresnel zoning rule for flat surfaces that is based on a geometrical optics approximation. Specifically, Fi i Ri ( ), i 1,2..., N

10 The unit cell of Fresnel Zone lens antennas The unit cell consists of six identical rectangular metallic layers etching on the surfaces of three identical dielectric layers, with suitable air spacers sandwiched. Each metallic layer is a conducting strip that has a size of d a. The size of the unit cell is d d (3*Ht+2*H1). by varying the width of the conducting strip a from 0.2 mm to 3.3 mm, the transmission phase shifting decreases monotonically and spans a range of 400 degree, while the transmission magnitude is within -2 db over the phase shifting range.

11 Simulated Results As the primary source of the Fresnel zone lens antenna, the standard horn antenna (LB-34-10) has a gain of 12.5 dbi at 24 GHz. The gain of the lens antenna at the frequency range of 21.7 GHz GHz is around 27 dbi, indicating an 1-dB bandwidth of almost 10.18%. The system of the proposed Fresnel zone lens antenna Design values for the proposed Fresnel zone lens antenna at 24 GHz

12 Measured Results 1dB bandwidth is 3.92%, 3dB bandwidth is %

13 Radiation Patterns

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16 Conclusions Only three correcting phases are applied to the successful design of the quarter wave Fresnel zone lens antenna. The designed antenna has a compact size of 11λ 11λ 0.28λ, a peak gain of 25 dbi, and a 3-dB gain bandwidth of about 17.57%. In addition, the antenna provides an attractive compromise between performance, fabrication, complexity and cost.