A 3 20GHz Vivaldi Antenna with Modified Edge
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1 A 3 20GHz Vivaldi Antenna with Modified Edge Bieng-Chearl Ahn* * and Otgonbaatar Gombo Applied Electromagnetics Laboratory, Department of Radio and Communications Engineering Chungbuk National University, Cheongju , Korea Abstract A wideband elliptically-tapered-aperture Vivaldi antenna is proposed in this paper. The tapered aperture improves the lowfrequency impedance matching. The antenna is printed on a Teflon substrate and fed by a microstrip line. The size of the antenna is 92.9mm x 100.4mm x 0.787mm. The design, fabrication and measurement of the proposed antenna are presented. keywords : Vivaldi antenna, elliptically-tapered, wideband antenna 1. Introduction A Vivaldi antenna can provide a multi octave operation and serve as a radiating element in a phased array that scans over wide angles [1]. It exhibits a symmetric beam in both E and H planes over a wide bandwidth. Owing to above characteristics, the Vivaldi antenna is employed in UWB applications, satellite communication systems, multifunction operations (dual frequency, dual polarization), and multi beam arrays [2]. In a previous work, a Vivaldi antenna has a reflection coefficient less than 10dB and a gain ranging from 4.4dBi to 6dBi at GHz [3]. In this paper, we investigated an elliptically taperedaperture Vivaldi antenna shown in Fig. 1. The antenna is fed by a microstrip line and a microstrip to slotline transition is employed to excite a field in the slot region of the antenna. The slot region is gradually tapered in an elliptic form up to the radiating aperture. The edge of the radiating aperture is rolled in a circular form to improve the impedance matching at low frequencies. The proposed antenna is analyzed and optimized using the CST Microwave Studio TM (MWS), and fabricated and measured. * Corresponding author : bician@cbu.ac.kr 2. Antenna Configuration Fig. 1 shows the configuration of the proposed antenna. The antenna is printed on a mm substrate with dielectric constant of 2.5 and loss tangent of The antenna is fed by a microstrip line at its input. A wideband microstrip to slot line transition is employed. The slot width is gradually expanded in an elliptic form to form a radiating aperture. Fig. 1 Structure of an elliptically tapered Vivaldi antenna with rolled edge. Front view and back view. First we design a wideband microstrip to slot line transition feeding the antenna. Next we design the tapered slot radiator. Finally we combine the feed section and the radiator
2 컴퓨터정보통신연구제 21 권제 1 호 (61-65) A. Microstrip to Slot line transition Fig. 2 shows a wideband microstrip to slot line transition. The transition consists of a microstrip slot coupling region, a microstrip radial stub, and a circular slot cavity. The characteristic impedances of the microstrip and slot line are 50 ohms and 110 ohms, respectively. The radius of the microstrip radial stub is approximately a quarter wavelength, i.e., R rad λ m/4 at the center frequency. The slot line is terminated with a circular cavity with a diameter of a quarter wavelength (D s λ s/4) at the center frequency. Fig. 2 Configuration of the feed section. The design parameters such as the location of microstrip slot line coupling region, microstrip stub radius, and slot cavity radius are optimized using Microwave Studio TM for the lowest reflection over the widest band with a center frequency of 11GHz. Fig. 3 shows the reflection and transmission coefficients of the feed section. Over 4 14GHz frequency range, the reflection coefficient is less than 10dB and the transmission coefficient is greater 1.0dB. The transmission coefficient rapidly decreases beyond 18GHz, which in turn lowers the antenna gain. B. Radiating Aperture Fig. 4 shows the radiating section of a conventional Vivaldi antenna, while Fig. 4 shows the one employed in this paper. The ellipticallytapered slot provides an impedance transformer between the slot line and the plane wave at the aperture. At the lowest operating frequency, the aperture height H is approximately λ 0/2 and the length of the slot taper region is about λ 0. To increase the bandwidth, the aperture region is treated with a rolled edge, where the straight metal edge is transformed into a semi circular shape leading to a smoother flow of the surface current. Design parameters such as the taper length, the aperture height, and the radius of the rolled edge are optimized using Microwave Studio TM for the lowest reflection coefficient and the highest gain. Fig. 5 shows the reflection coefficient of the radiating section, which is less than 10dB for 2 20GHz frequency range and significantly better than the conventional Vivaldi antenna with an unrolled edge. The gain of the radiator is same as that of the combined antenna structure with the feed section connected. L D s Tapered slot L t Rrad w t R H g Substrate (ε r, tanδ) h Fig. 3 Reflection and transmission coefficients of the feed section. Fig. 4 Configuration of the radiating section. A conventional Vivaldi radiator and the proposed radiator
3 the E plane is 92.9, 66.9, and 39.7 degrees respectively, and that in H plane is 103.4, 80.1, and 62.1 degrees respectively. Fig. 5 Reflection coefficient of the radiation section. Red: conventional, Green: this paper. C. Combined Structure We combine the feed section with the radiator to complete the design. To obtain the best possible performance, we adjust dimensions of each section. Fig. 6 shows the simulation model of the antenna. Table 1 shows the final dimensions of the proposed antenna. Fig. 7 Reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna. Fig. 8 shows the gain of the antenna versus the frequency. The antenna gain varies from 4.0dBi to 11.0dBi. The maximum gain of 11.0dBi is obtained at 16GHz. Table 1. Dimensions of the proposed antenna. No Parameter Value (mm) 1 Substrate ε r=2.5, tanδ=0.001, h= Microstrip radial stub radius R rad=4.5 3 Slot line cavity diameter D s=5.5 4 Aperture height H = 40 5 Taper length L t = 60 6 Slot line gap width g = Radius of the rolled edge R = 30 8 Substrate size Fig. 8 Antenna gain versus the frequency. 3. RESULTS The design antenna is fabricated as shown in Fig. 9 and its radiation pattern is measured and compared with the simulation in Fig. 10. Fig. 6 Simulation model of the proposed antenna. Front side and back side. The performance of the designed Vivaldi antenna is analyzed using MWS. Fig. 7 shows the reflection coefficient of the antenna. The reflection coefficient is less than 10dB from 3GHz to 20.2GHz. Fig. 10 shows the radiation pattern of the proposed antenna. At 3GHz, 6GHz, and 10GHz, the 3 db beamwidth in Fig. 9 Fabricated antenna. Front and back sides
4 컴퓨터정보통신연구제 21 권제 1 호 (61-65) The fabricated antenna shows radiation patterns in good agreement with the simulation. The gain and reflection coefficients of the fabricated antenna also showed good agreement with the simulation. 4. CONCLUSIONS In this paper a wideband elliptically tapered Vivaldi antenna with rolled edge is presented. The antenna operates at 3 20GHz. A wideband microstrip to slot line transition is designed and combined with a Vivaldi antenna with an elliptically tapered slot region and a rolled edge at the aperture. At 3 20GHz, the proposed antenna has a reflection coefficient less than 10dB, and a gain ranging from 4dBi to 11.0dBi. The antenna proposed in this paper can be used in many applications where a ultrawideband performance is required with a moderate gain. This work was supported by the research grant of the Chungbuk National University in REFERENCES (c) (d) Fig. 10 Simulated and measured radiation patterns of the proposed antenna at E plane 3.5GHz, H plane 3.5GHz (c) E plane 5GHz, and (d) H plane 5GHz. [1] J. Shin and D. H. Schaubert, A parameter study of stripline fed Vivaldi notch antenna arrays, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 47, pp , May [2] T.H. Chio and D. H. Schaubert, Parameter study and design of wideband widescan dual polarized tapered slot antenna arrays, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propogat., Vol. 48, pp , June [3] P. Li, J. Liang and X. Chen, UWB tapered slot fed antenna, IET Seminar on Ultra Wideband Systems, Technologies and Applications, pp , Apr [4] A. Podcameni and M. L. Coimbra, Slotline microstrip transition on iso/anisotropic substrate broadband design, Dig. IEEE MTT S Int. Microwave Symp. Vol. 81, June 1981, pp [5] M. M. Zinieris, R. Sloan, and L. E. Davis, A broadband microstrip to slotline transition, Microwave Optical Technol. Lett., Vol. 18, pp , Aug
5 BIOGRAPHIES Bierng Chearl Ahn received the Ph. D. degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Mississippi in From 1983 to 1986, he was with Goldstar Precision Company as a research engineer. From 1993 to 1994, he worked for Agency for Defence Development. Since 1995 he has been with Chungbuk University, where he is currently a full professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. His research interests include applied electromagnetics and antennas. bician@cbu.ac.kr Otgonbaatar Gombo received the B. S. and M. S. degrees in the Mongolian Institute of Science and Technology. Since September, 2010, he has been studying in the Ph. D. program in the Department of Radio and Communications Engineering at Chungbuk National University. His research interests include antennas and RF circuits. otgonbaatar@yahoo.com
Keywords UWB, Microwave imaging, wireless communications, Ground Penetrating Radar, Remote Sensing, Phased Arrays, Tapered Slot Vivaldi Antenna.
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