Prediction of structure-borne noise generated by a water evacuation duct in heavyweight and lightweight frame constructions
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1 >Simon BAILHACHE, Michel VILLOT Prediction of structure-borne noise generated by a water evacuation duct in heavyweight and lightweight frame constructions ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 1
2 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Description of the prediction method 3. Application to a realistic case 4. Comparison between heavy and lightweight structures 5. Conclusions ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 2
3 Introduction Structure-borne noise from building service equipment > May cause discomfort to building occupants > Resulting noise levels are often subject to regulatory limits > Existing standard methods for prediction: > EN : laboratory method for source characterization > EN : model for transmission through the building structure and radiation in the adjacent rooms > Based on SEA: valid only for equipment installed in heavy construction! Lightweight structures inhomogeneous vibration fields due to stiffeners and high damping ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 3
4 Introduction Recent developments > CEN/TC126/WG7: draft standard pren > Source characterization for equipment in lightweight structures > Mobility-based estimation of injected power > COST Network FP0702 > Work on EN for lightweight structures > CEN/TC126/WG2 > Future work on EN for lightweight structures ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 4
5 Prediction method 1 > Installed power = structural power injected into the receiving structure > Mobility method Y=v/F W s, inst 1 2 Y Re R Y 2 R Y S 2 v sf 2 > Wall velocity > Heavyweight: power balance equation > Lightweight: empirical relationship Ws, inst 2 f m s v² C exp W s, inst S v 2 3 > Radiated noise > From radiation efficiency W ray 0c ss v² ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 5
6 Equipment Prediction method Assumptions and simplifications > Direct transmission only > Rigid point connections between equipment and supporting structure > Simplification with 2 single-point sources > Excitation in the direction normal to the receiver plane only F 1 F 2 ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 6
7 Case of a waste water duct System description > Source > PVC duct (Ø110 mm) > Variable water flow rate > 2 fixation points (1.25 m spacing) > Heavy receiver > 100 mm thick concrete blocks > Lightweight receiver > 10 mm OSB mm gypsum board > Wood studs every 600 mm > Contact points at bay SOURCE SIDE Duct Point connection RECEIVER SIDE Microphone Separating wall ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 7
8 Case of a waste water duct Characterization measurements > Source and receiver mobilities > Method similar to ISO > Separate sensors for velocity and force > Source free velocity > Method similar to ISO 9611 > Water flow rates: 1 l/s, 2 l/s, 4l/s > All tests performed in 1/3 octave bands ( Hz) > S. Bailhache, M. Villot, «Comparison of structure-borne sound power injected to heavyweight and lightweight constructions», Proc. 19th ICSV, Vilnius, Lithuania, 8-12 July 2012 ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 8
9 Maghitude (m/ns) Magnitude (m/ns) Case of a waste water duct Measured point mobilities > Receivers > Source 1,00E+00 1,00E+00 Concrete wall - Contact point 1 Contact point 1 1,00E-01 Concrete wall - Contact point 2 1,00E-01 Contact point 2 Lightweight wall - Contact point 1 1,00E-02 Lightweight wall - Contact point 2 1,00E-02 1,00E-03 1,00E-03 1,00E-04 1,00E-04 1,00E-05 1,00E-05 1,00E-06 1,00E-06 Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 9
10 L V (db re m/s) Case of a waste water duct Measured source free velocity > Maximum at low frequencies > Differences between the 2 contacts at low frequencies l/s - Contact point 1 1 l/s - Contact point 2 2 l/s - Contact point 1 2 l/s - Contact point 2 4 l/s - Contact point 1 4 l/s - Contact point 2 20 Frequency (Hz) ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 10
11 L Ws, inst (db re W) Prediction results Installed power (2 l/s) > Predominant at low frequencies > Lightweight wall ~20 db higher > Missing values: wrong mobility measurement results Heavyweight receiver Lightweight receiver Frequency (Hz) ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 11
12 L V - L Ws,inst (db re W, m/s) Prediction results Differences between heavy and lightweight structures > Mobility higher power injected into the lightweight wall > Damping of the vibration field higher losses in the lightweight wall Heavyweight wall (estimated) Lightweight wall (measured) Frequency (Hz) ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 12
13 L v (db re m/s) Prediction results Wall velocity (2 l/s) > Predominant at low frequencies > Lightweight wall db higher > Gap decreases with frequency Heavyweight receiver Lightweight receiver Frequency (Hz) ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 13
14 log(σ S ) (db) Prediction results Difference between heavy and lightweight structures > Radiation efficiency higher for the heavy wall (except at high frequency) Heavyweight wall (estimated) Lightweight wall (measured) Frequency (Hz) ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 14
15 L sn (db re Pa) Prediction results Radiated noise (2 l/s) > Predominant at low frequencies > Heavy wall higher by 5 db(a)! > Comparison against measured values (heavy receiver) > L sn as defined in EN > Discrepancies up to 8 db > Similar global shapes Heavyweight receiver - Prediction: 29 db(a) Heavyweight receiver - Measured: 25 db(a) Lightweight receiver - Prediction: 24 db(a) -10 Frequency (Hz) ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 15
16 Prediction results Possible error sources > Neglect of moment excitation > Neglect of coupling between dynamic forces at the contact points > Simplified calculation of the installed power with regard to source/receiver mobility ratio > 1/3 octave band characterization measurements > Inaccurate input data > Measurement uncertainty ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 16
17 Conclusions Prediction method > Installed power calculation according to pren > Mobility approach > Separate characterization for source and receiver > Transmission through structure > Heavyweight: SEA-based model > Lightweight: empirical approach > Work in progress within CEN and COST ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 17
18 Conclusions Results > Radiated noise is not likely to be higher in the case of the lightweight structure > Higher structural losses > Lower radiation efficiency > Agreement between predicted and measured noise levels is rather acceptable (heavy wall) ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 18
19 Conclusions Upcoming work > Prediction considering a 2-contact source > Transfer mobility required > Use of effective mobilities > In situ experimental validation for lightweight constructions > Other source/receiver configurations ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 19
20 Thank you for your attention ACOUSTICS 2012 April Nantes, France PAGE 20
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