Background Statement for SEMI Draft Document 5979 NEW STANDARD: SPECIFICATION OF INDOOR LIGHTING SIMULATOR REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGING PHOTOVOLTAIC

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1 Background Statement for SEMI Draft Document 5979 NEW STANDARD: SPECIFICATION OF INDOOR LIGHTING SIMULATOR REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGING PHOTOVOLTAIC Notice: This background statement is not part of the balloted item. It is provided solely to assist the recipient in reaching an informed decision based on the rationale of the activity that preceded the creation of this document. Notice: Recipients of this Document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patented technology or copyrighted items of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation. In this context, patented technology is defined as technology for which a patent has issued or has been applied for. In the latter case, only publicly available information on the contents of the patent application is to be provided. Background Statement: The CIE has defined some lighting spectrums for different indoor colorful applications and situations. However, the requirements for color testing do not apply to related indoor energy harvesting under different lighting uniformity and stability, for performance measurement of emerging PV and device. Furthermore, countless types of indoor lighting patterns are required to do performance characteristics measurement for different application contexts. Review and Adjudication Information Task Force Review Committee Adjudication Group: DSSC/OPV/PSC Task Force Taiwan PVTC Chapter Date: June 8, 2017 July 26, 2017 Time & Time zone: 10:00 / Taiwan (GMT+8) 13:00 / Taiwan (GMT+8) Location: National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) Ba Fen Bao Restaurant Chi Mei building, Rm 338, No.301, Gaofa 3rd No.139, Jiangong 1st Rd., East Dist., Hsinchu Rd., Guiren Dist., Tainan City 71150, Taiwan City 300, Taiwan (R.O.C.) City, State/Country: Tainan, Taiwan Hsinchu, Taiwan Leader(s): Standards Staff: D.R. Huang (NDHU) Anderson Hsu (ITRI) Dean Chang (dchang@semi.org) SEMI Taiwan B.N. Chuang (ITRI) JS Chen (Tera Solar) Ray Sung (UL Taiwan) Dean Chang (dchang@semi.org) SEMI Taiwan This meeting s details are subject to change, and additional review sessions may be scheduled if necessary. Contact Standards staff for confirmation. Telephone and web information will be distributed to interested parties as the meeting date approaches. If you will not be able to attend these meetings in person but would like to participate by telephone/web, please contact Standards staff. Check on calendar of event for the latest meeting schedule. If you need further assistance, or have questions, please do not hesitate to contact the Organic and Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Task Force: D. R. Huang,derray@mail.ndhu.edu.tw Anderson S. T. Hsu, andersonhsu@itri.org.tw

2 SEMI Draft Document 5979 NEW STANDARD: SPECIFICATION OF INDOOR LIGHTING SIMULATOR REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGING PHOTOVOLTAIC 1 Purpose 1.1 The CIE has defined some lighting spectra for different indoor colorful applications and situations. However, the requirements for color testing do not apply to related indoor energy harvesting under different lighting uniformity and stability, for performance measurement of emerging PV and device. Furthermore, countless types of indoor lighting patterns are required to do performance characteristics measurement for different application contexts. 1.2 This activity shall develop a new specification of indoor lighting simulator requirement for performance measurement of emerging PV and device qualification. 1.3 The emerging PV includes DSSC, OPV and PSC. 1.4 Indoor lighting simulator will address the performance of emerging PV device. 2 Scope 2.1 The proposed standard aims to develop a durability test method to evaluate emerging PV. This activity will develop an evaluation principle and guild line for industries to follow and speed up the research for emerging PV products as well: This activity shall develop a new specification of indoor lighting simulator requirements for performance measurement of emerging PV and device qualification. The objective is to focus on specification of indoor lighting, and provides some actions as below Define the specific spectrum of indoor lighting simulator Define the classification of indoor lighting simulator. 2.2 For other PV technologies, the proposed qualification would be helpful to refer to in similar low light application like emerging PV. NOTICE: SEMI Standards and Safety Guidelines do not purport to address all safety issues associated with their use. It is the responsibility of the users of the documents to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory or other limitations prior to use. 3 Limitations 3.1 This document does not specify any kind of sample specification for emerging PV, e.g. 1x1 cm 2, 1x5 cm 2, 2x5 cm 2, 10 x10 cm The test is to determine the electrical and thermal characteristics of test sample, and to work within reasonable constraints of cost and time if possible. Test sample needs to be capable of withstanding prolonged exposure within climates described in the scope. The actual lifetime for test modules to be qualified will depend on product s design, environment and operated conditions. 3.3 Emerging PV shall need specific basis of reference to differ with SRC condition used by p-n junction solar cell, and make reserves extra time for I-V test due to capacitance effect. 4 Referenced Standards and Documents 4.1 SEMI Standards SEMI PV57 Test method for current-voltage (I-V) performance measurement of organic photovoltaic (OPV) and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) SEMI PV69 Test method for spectrum Response (SR) measurement of organic photovoltaic (OPV) and dyesensitized solar cell (DSSC) 4.2 CIE Standards Page 1

3 CIE S CIE Colorimetry - Part 2: Standard illuminants for colorimetry CIE S 023 Characterization of the performance of illuminance meters and luminance meters CIE 63 The spectroradiometric measurement of light sources 4.3 IEC Standards 1 IEC Sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes IEC Photovoltaic devices Part 3: Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data IEC Photovoltaic devices Part 9: Solar simulator performance requirements NOTICE: Unless otherwise indicated, all documents cited shall be the latest published versions. 5 Terminology 5.1 Abbreviations and Acronyms CI control interface DUT device under test DSSC dye-sensitized solar cell ILS indoor lighting simulator IPCE incident photon-electron conversion efficiency ITP isothermal test plane LM lux meter OPV organic photovoltaic PSC perovskite solar cell RD reference device RSD relative standard deviation SMU source measurement unit SS solar simulator SRC standard reporting condition STC standard test condition TM temperature monitor 5.2 Definitions cell test sample assembled should be included seal, and package cell temperature the temperature ( C) of cell emerging PV the PV devices include DSSC, OPV and PSC isothermal test plane the isothermal plane is intended to contain DUT at the reference irradiance level I-V the current-voltage curve of test sample is the superposition of the curve with the light/dark-generated current light source a source of radiant energy to simulate indoor lighting application and used for DUT performance measurement 1 International Electro-technical Commission, Page 2

4 5.2.7 module test sample assembled should be included seal, package, the least two cells than one and four wellattached wires (or terminal wires). Terminal wires are used to multiply set designed for the safety of the rated current, and length is 5 cm monitor photo-detector a photo detector incorporated into the optical system to monitor the amount of light reaching the device under test, enabling adjustments to be made to accommodate varying light intensity STC standard test conditions for test sample. Sample temperature: 25 C, Spectral irradiance: AM1.5G, Irradiance:1000 W m SRC standard reporting conditions for test sample, which is defined by temperature, spectral irradiance, and total irradiance. The term reporting, rather than reference or test, is used because a measurement can be performed at conditions other than SRC and then carefully corrected to be equivalent to being measured at SRC (ex. Illuminant A, 25 C, 1000 lx) test sample test device of emerging PV or OPV/DSSC/PSC 5.3 Symbols A cell area (cm 2 ) E irradiance (mw cm 2 ) I current (ma) I sc short-circuit current (ma) MMF mismatch factor T temperature ( C) V voltage (V) 6 Calculations 6.1 For the test sample, the shape of the I-V characteristic depends on the short-circuit current and the device temperature, but not on the spectrum used to generate the short-circuit current. For these devices, the correction of spectrum mismatch or spectral response mismatch is possible using the following procedure (refer to SEMI PV57 and SEMI PV69). For other devices, a measurement of the I-V characteristic in using a light source with the appropriate spectrum. A correction is not necessary either if the test spectrum is identical to the reference spectrum (see CIE S 023) or if the relative spectral response of test sample is identical to the reference cell relative spectral response. The reading as obtained from the reference cell specifies which intensity of the reference spectrum will generate the same short-circuit current in the test sample as the test spectrum. If there is a mismatch between both spectra and spectral responses, then a mismatch correction should be calculated. 6.2 RSD is defined as Eq. (1). (1) 6.3 The non-uniformity is defined as Eq. (2), max and min is symbol of detector signal. 7 Apparatus 7.1 Reference device (RD) (2) Page 3

5 7.1.1 The reference photodetector s calibration must be traceable to SI units through a 3 rd party lab spectral responsivity scale or other relevant radiometric and lx scale. The calibration mode of the photodetector (irradiance or power) will affect the procedures used, and the kinds of measurements performed The following detectors are acceptable for the calibration of the monochromatic light source: Pyroelectric radiometer, and Cryogenic radiometer, and Spectrally calibrated photodiode, photodiode irradiance detector, or solar cell, calibrated in power or irradiance mode. It should have calibration data that includes the entire spectral response range of the device to be tested. If a part of the range is omitted, it will limit the spectral range of the results of this test, causing an error in computing the spectral mismatch parameter Reference device is calibrated using by illuminant A reference to the same desired reference spectral irradiance distribution Report need to commit traceability including measurement of lux, linearity and irradiance, which are determined in accordance with CIE S 023 and CIE Test Procedures The work includes visual inspection, warm up system, spectral match, non-uniformity and temporal instability. There are three items (e.g. spectral match, non-uniformity and temporal instability) of test samples fulfill the qualification test sequences listed in Figure 1. Visual Inspection (Picture) Warm up System Spectral match Non-uniformity Temporal instability Data Analysis Figure 1 Test sequence Visual Inspection, each system to determine the presence or absence of anomalies or defects. Optical magnification is not required. Apparatus for carefully inspect each test sample under an illumination of not less than 1,000 lx for the visual check Spectral match, available methods are the use of spectroradiometer. Standard lighting spectrum is defined by the deviation from Appendix 2 as laid down in CIE(see 4.1). For three wavelength intervals of interest, the percentage of total irradiance is specified in Table 1. Calculate the spectral match for each wavelength interval, which is the ratio of calculated percentage for the CIE (see 4.1) spectrum and the lighting simulator spectrum. The data comparison with the solar spectrum shall indicate the spectral match classification as per the following as Table 2. Page 4

6 Table 1 The ratio of calculated percentage for the CIE spectrum Wavelength Band Bandwidth (nm) Percentage of total irradiance (%) A* D65* U30** CWF** TL84** *standard illuminant; **reference standard illuminant Table 2 Spectral definition of lighting simulator classifications Classification Percentage A 1 % B 3 % C 5 % Non-uniformity of irradiance in the test plane, the lux meter is recommended to be used as uniformity detector for determining the non-uniformity of irradiance in the test area of the lighting simulator. The uniformity detector shall have a spectral response appropriate for the simulator. The linearity and time response of the uniformity detector shall conform to the characteristics of the simulator being measured. And the designated measured area (max: 20 cm X 20 cm) divided by 25. The area covered by the detector measurements should be 100% of the designated test area. The measurement positions should be distributed uniformly over the designated measured area. Therefore, the maximum and minimum irradiance are those measured with the detector(s) over the designated test area, likely in Figure 2. Figure 2 Non-uniformity put a position of detector The calculation of non-uniformity is defined as Eq. (2). Page 5

7 As specified in Table 3 Table 3 non-uniformity definition of lighting simulator classifications Classification Percentage A 2 % B 5 % C 10 % Temporal instability of irradiance, the lux meter is recommended to be used as temporal instability detector for determining the temporal instability of irradiance in the test area of the lighting simulator. For lighting simulator the temporal instability is related to the irradiance change of measured data sets during the time of data acquisition (Figure 3). Figure 3 Evaluation of temporal instability As specified in Table 4 Table 4 temporal instability definition of lighting simulator classifications Classification Percentage A 2 % B 5 % C 10 % 9 Reporting Results 9.1 The test report shall include, at minimum, the following: A title Record the name and address of the test laboratory Unique identification on each page of the certification and/or report Name and address of client, where appropriate. Page 6

8 9.1.5 Description and identification of the item tested Test conditions Date of receipt of test item and test, where appropriate Identification of test method Reference to sampling procedure, where relevant Any deviations from, additions to or exclusions from the test method, and any other information relevant to specific tests, such as environmental conditions Measurements, examinations and derived results supported by tables, graphs, sketches and photographs A statement of the estimated uncertainty of the test results (where relevant) A signature and title of the person(s) responsible for the certificate or report, and the issued date Where relevant, a statement to the effect that the results relate only to the items tested A statement that the certificate or report shall not be reproduced except in full, without the written approval of the laboratory. 10 Related Documents 10.1 ASTM Standards 2 ASTM E927 Standard specification for solar simulation for terrestrial photovoltaic testing ASTM E1021 Standard test method for spectral responsivity measurements of photovoltaic devices ASTM D 1729 Standard Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials 10.2 ISO Standards 3 ISO Statistics -- Vocabulary and symbols ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories ISO , Colorimetry -- Part 2: CIE standard illuminants 10.3 Other Documents M. A. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, W. Warta and E. D. Dunlop, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2012, 20, 12. X. Yang, M.Yanagida and L. Han, Energy Environ. Sci Teng-Chun Wu, Shu-Tsung Hsu and Yean-San Long, PVSEC-23 (2013). Teng-Chun Wu, Shu-Tsung Hsu and Yean-San Long, JEPE2014, 8, 6, Teng-Chun Wu, Shu-Tsung Hsu and Yean-San Long, OPTIC2016. BRIAN O'REGAN and MICHAEL GRÄ TZEL, Nature 353, (1991) Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energie systeme ISE, Calibration Lab, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler and Stanley R. Crouch. Giorgio Bardizza, Diego Pavanello, Harald Müllejans and Tony Sample, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. (2014) 2 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA , USA; Telephone: , Fax: , 3 International Organization for Standardization, ISO Central Secretariat, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland; Telephone: , Fax: , Page 7

9 APPENDIX 1 REPORTING FORM (DEMO) NOTICE: The material in this Appendix is an official part of SEMI [designation number] and was approved by full letter ballot procedures on [A&R approval date]. A1-1 Description of Testing Laboratory: Measurement of test data (e.g.sr) need be operated by the 3 rd party lab, e.g., ISO accredited lab. Table A1-1 Basic Information of Testing Laboratory Laboratory ID/Name Address Basic Information of Testing Laboratory A1-1.1 Description of Indoor Lighting Simulator Table A1-2 Description Information of Indoor Lighting Simulator System ID Dimension Lighting Source A1-1.2 Testing Data Table A1-3 Classification Information of Indoor Lighting Simulator Item Wavelength Band Bandwidth (nm) Classification A D65 U30 CWF TL Spectral match Non-uniformity Temporal instability A1-1.3 Others Descriptions A Measured Methods A The testing items and methods listed in this report have been approved by the commissioners and commissioned parties and then been adopted for the calibration. A The measured procedure was carried out according to. A Standard Equipment of System Page 8

10 Table A1-4 Basic Information of Standard Equipment of System Item Temperature monitor Reference detector Light source A Environmental Conditions Traceability Org. Report No. Traceability Date Due Date A The calibration was performed under the following environmental conditions. A Ambient temperature: (±) C A Relative humidity: (±) %RH A Relative expanded combined uncertainty A Relative expanded combined uncertainty was performed according to. A The relative expanded uncertainty, with a coverage factor k = 2 and a confidence level of about 95 %. A1-1.4 References SEMI PV57 Test Method for Current-Voltage (I-V) Performance Measurement of Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) CIE S CIE Colorimetry - Part 2: Standard illuminants for colorimetry CIE S 023 Characterization of the performance of illuminance meters and luminance meters CIE 63 The spectroradiometric measurement of light sources A1-1.5 Appendix A Photos of testing sample Table A1-5 Photos of testing sample Front-side Back-side Page 9

11 APPENDIX 2 Reference indoor lighting spectral distribution NOTICE: The material in this Appendix is an official part of SEMI [designation number] and was approved by full letter ballot procedures on [A&R approval date]. Table A2-1 Basic Information of Reference indoor lighting spectral distribution Wavelength (nm) lighting normalized spectral distribution A D65 U30 CWF TL Page 10

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13 NOTICE: SEMI makes no warranties or representations as to the suitability of the Standards and Safety Guidelines set forth herein for any particular application. The determination of the suitability of the Standard or Safety Guideline is solely the responsibility of the user. Users are cautioned to refer to manufacturer s instructions, product labels, product data sheets, and other relevant literature, respecting any materials or equipment mentioned herein. Standards and Safety Guidelines are subject to change without notice. By publication of this Standard or Safety Guideline, SEMI takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights or copyrights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this Standard or Safety Guideline. Users of this Standard or Safety Guideline are expressly advised that determination of any such patent rights or copyrights and the risk of infringement of such rights are entirely their own responsibility. Page 12