ACCIDENT DETECTION AND REPORTING SYSTEM USING GPS AND GSM MODULE

Transcription

1 Almughtaribeen University College of Engineering Department of Communication Fifth Year Bachelors A thesis submitted as a partial requirement for the bachelor's degree ACCIDENT DETECTION AND REPORTING SYSTEM USING GPS AND GSM MODULE BY WALEED MOHY ELDEEN IBRAHEM MOMEN YASEEN FADEL ALMOLA AHMED MUSAB YAHIA MERGHANI HASSAN TAWFIQ HASSAN SUPERVISOR DR.ABUAGLA BABIKER MOHAMMED BABIKER October 2017

2 األيه هللا مسب.. { ق م اع ه ا ف س ش ه للا ع ه ك ى س س ن ان ؤ ي س ت ش د إ ن ع بن ى ان غ ب ان هش بد ة ف ب ئ ك ى ب ب ك ت ى ت ع ه (105)} صذق هللا انعظ ى )س سة انت بت( ع أب ش شة سض هللا ع أ سس ل هللا هللاىلص قبل: )) إرا يبث اب آدو ا قطع ع ه إال ي حالث: صذقت جبس ت أ عهى تفع ب أ نذ صبنح ذع ن (( س ا يسهى I

3 الإهداء الى من قرن الرحمن اسميهما باسمه الوالدين الى من رافقوني في اجمل سنين عمري االصدق اء الى كل من علمنا علما نافعا االساتذة ونخص اخينا و زميلنا المرحوم حسام الدين تاج السر الى كل من وقف بجانبنا وساعدنا نهدي ثمرة جهدنا هذا II

4 الشك ر و الت قدير ي نى شكش ان بس... نى شكش هللا تقذو ببنشكش أ الا اخ شاا هلل سبحب تعبن انز فق ب ف ا جبص زا انبحج ان انذكت س انفبضم/ اب عبقه بببكش دمحم يششف انبحج ان األسبتزة األفبضم ف قسى ذست االتصبالث ان كم صيالئ ب بجبيع ان غتشب ج ببقت ي انشكش ان صي ه ب صذ ق ب ان شح و / حسبو انذ تبج انسش ت ج ببنشكش انعشفب ان جبيعت ب / جبيعت ان غتشب انت أحتض ت ب ط هت انس ان بض ت...عشفب ب نهج م فشكشاا نكى ج عب III

5 ABSTRACT In highly populated Countries, everyday people lose their lives because of accidents and poor emergency facilities. These lives could have been saved if medical facilities are provided at the right time. This project implies a system which is a solution to this drawback, when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately a Vibration sensor will detect the signal, and sends it to the Arduino microcontroller. Microcontroller will send an alert message through the GSM modem including the location to the police station or a rescue team. So the police can immediately trace the location through the GPS modem after receiving the information. The proposed systems have been simulated and practically design by the use of hardware components and the results are satisfied with the expectation. IV

6 ان ستخهص في انذ ل راث انكثافت انسكا يت انؼانيت,كم ي و يفقذ االشخاص اس اح ى بسبب انح ادد ضؼف ق اث انط اسئ. ز االس اح ي ان ك ا قار ا ارا صهج ق اث انط اسئ في ان قج ان اسب. سخؼشض في زا ان شش ع حم ن زة ان شكهت, ػ ذ ق ع انحادد يق و حساس انصذياث بانخقاط اشاسة, يق و باسسال حهك االشاسة انى ان ؼانح انذقيق االسد ي. يق و االسد ي باسسال سسانت ي خالل خ اص ححذيذ ان اقغ حخض انشسانت ي قغ انحادثت يخى اسسان ا انى ق اث انششطت االسؼاف. ن ساػذث ق اث انط اسئ في حقفي اثش انحادد ػهى انف س ػ طشيق االحصال بانشبكت بؼذ اسخقبال انشسانت. قذ حى ب اء رج نه ظاو ك ا حى حص ي بان ك اث ان اديت انالصيت. خذيش بانزكش ا خائح ان ظاو يطابقت نهخ قغ. V

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS I... األ... II اإل ذاء... III انشكش انتقذ ش ABSTRACT... IV... V ان ستخهص TABLE OF CONTENTS... VI LIST OF FIGURES... VIII CHAPTER ONE... 1 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Motivations PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES STATE OF THE ART PROPOSED SOLUTION THESIS LAYOUT... 3 CHAPTER TWO... 5 LITRATURE REVIEW THEORETICAL BACKGROUND RELATED WORK Accident Detection using GPS and GSM... 5 CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY RESEARCH FRAMEWORK SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM Key Power Supply Arduino Uno VI

8 3.2.4 Vibration Sensor A 16X2 LCD GPS RECEIVER: GSM MODULE: I- Mobile Station: II- Base Station Subsystem III- Network Subsystem FLOWCHART CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION RESULTS DISCUSSIONS CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSIONS FUTURE WORK REFERENCES APPENDIX A Source Code: VII

9 LIST OF FIGURES 3.1 System block diagram ARDUINO VIBRATION SENSOR LCD 16X GPS RECEIVER GSM MODULE FLOWCHART SIMULATION OF THE SYSTEM THE ALERT MESSAGE ACCIDENT DETECTION SYSTEM 26 VIII

10 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background With the growing population the use of vehicles has become superfluous.and this has led to increase the traffic hazards and the road accidents, which causes huge loss of life because of the poor emergency facilities. The purpose of the project is to find the vehicle where it is and locate the vehicle by means of sending a message using a system which is placed inside of vehicle system, Most of the times we may not be able to find accident location because we don t know where accident will happen. When a vehicle meets with an accident immediately Vibration sensor will detect the signal, and sends it to Arduino microcontroller. Microcontroller sends the alert message through the GSM modem including the location to the police station or a rescue team. So the police can immediately trace the location through the GPS modem after receiving the information. 1

11 1.1.1 Motivations Life of the people is under risk, a million of peoples die every year as result of road traffic crashes. This is because of the lack of best emergency facilities available in our country. 1.2 Problem Statement The unavailability of the precise methods for accident occurrence detection beside to a reliable locating tool with a quick reporting feature is the major problem under the research. The accidents are also increasing now days. Due to the delay in the arrival of ambulance to the accident spot it causes the loss of human life. So, it is necessary to take the accident victim to the hospital as early as possible. 1.3 Objectives To detect the vehicle accident and transmit the location of the accident to the rescue team and police center, so will get the exact location by the geographical coordinates transmitted via message with the help of map. To minimizing the delay of ambulance to save the injured. 2

12 1.4 State of the art After research the project aimed for the positivity of people work and attempt avoiding as many as possible the negativity in their work after that we did our own addition and for another idea, privet Wi-Fi network for both police and hospitals connected to the device when the tragedy happen. 1.5 Proposed Solution Proposes combine independent and complementary solutions in a global accident detection system to provide stable and accurate positioning of car accident even in severe urban environments. The proposed solutions consist of augmenting the navigation solution exploiting the inertial sensor to estimate the dynamics of vehicle to extract the accident. 1.6 Thesis Layout Chapter two explains the theoretical background in addition to related work. Chapter three explores the methodology and the plane of the project, also shows the block diagram that explore the components of the system, beside the flowchart that show how the system is work. Chapter four represents the results that obtained from the simulation work and the hardware system, also discuss the proposal and compare it 3

13 with the other projects. Chapter five summarizes the conclusion and future works that gave other solutions that can be execute at the future, also contains the references. 4

14 CHAPTER TWO LITRATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical Background At present criteria, we cannot detect where the accident has occurred and hence no information related to it, leading to the death of an individuals. The research work is going on for tracking the position of the vehicle. In this project GPS is used for tracking the position of the vehicle, GSM is used for sending alert message. To make this process all the control is made using Arduino whereas LCD is used to display the accident information. Hence with this project implementation we can detect the position of the vehicle where the accident has occurred so that we can provide the first aid as early as possible. 2.2 Related Work Accident Detection using GPS and GSM Shete, Shah et al [1] tried to solve automobile thefts. Developed an intelligent vehicle tracking and locking system in which the user will 5

15 be able to interact with the system and to control his vehicle through an android based smart phone. He aim is to design such tracking system that reduces the time and cost to find out the stolen vehicle. If the rate of vibration exceeds the threshold value it will automatically send the messages to the nearby hospitals and as well as the relatives of the victim, Shete, et al. Rathinakumar and Manivannan [2] have seen that the accident occurs due to a drunken driver and improper use of belt. The main cause of accident is due to the driver drowsy and tired condition, which will be noticed by the help of eyes sensor which will not start and also informs the status of the driver to the base station along with the vehicle ID. Their system includes three modules; automatic speed control module, accident detection and information sending module and security enabling module. In case of any accident, the vibration in vibration sensor increases beyond the limit and information is sent to GSM module, The GSM can send message to respective authority,rathinakumar and Manivannan Kumar and Jayasree [3] main concentration of this project is to find out the vehicle which is met with an accident by using MEMS sensor and GPS, GSM.This system will be placed in a moving vehicle. The ARM controller will poll GPS module in prefixed intervals and sends the vehicle location information (Latitude & Longitude) to central station over GSM network.this module provides information about the accident to the hospital and police station,kumar and Jayasree. 6

16 Pingle and Ahirrao [4] in this papper tried to save people lifes from car accidents by using GSM and GPS model. They designed a system has accuracy which can detect accidents in significantly less time and sends the location information to medical center within a fraction of seconds covering the time, geographical coordinates and angle in which a vehicle accident had occurred. The message is sent through the Internet Dongle and the location of the accident is detected using GPS module. When the accident occurs the alert message is sent automatically to the rescue team and to the police station & family members, Pingle, et al. Amin and Nasir [5] tried to help the drivers because during an accident the driver may not be in a physical condition to report the accident manually. So they proposed a freeway incident detection system utilizing the car air bag sensor and accelerometer, GPS to locate the place of accident and GSM to send the accident location, Amin, et al. Wakure and Patkar [6] in this papper helped when the car accident occurs. When accident occurs, Accelerometer will detect signal and will send signal to AVR controller, microcontroller will enable airbag to blow and message with accident location is sent to preprogrammed numbers such as ambulance, police station, etc via GSM. Message will give longitude and latitude values. From these values location of accident can be determined, Wakure, et al. Abinaya and Devi [7] provide security to the vehicles by engine locking system which prevents the vehicle from unauthorized access. It also detects the behavior of the driver through sensors whether he/she is drowsy or drunk. The place of the vehicle identified using Global 7

17 Positioning system (GPS) and Global system mobile communication (GSM). This system designed for users in land construction and transport business, provides real-time information such as location, speed and expected arrival time of the user is moving vehicles in a concise and easy-to-read format, Abinaya and Devi. Pham, Drieberg and Nguyen [8] present the development of the vehicle tracking system's hardware prototype. The system will provide users with the capability to track vehicle remotely through the mobile network. Specifically, the system will utilize GPS to obtain a vehicle's coordinate and transmit it using GSM modem to the user's phone through the mobile network. The developed vehicle tracking system demonstrates the feasibility of near real-time tracking of vehicles and improved customizability, global operability and cost when compared to existing solutions.pham, et al. ANAND GUNADAL, and ANJANEY KOUJALAGI, SANTOSH KARAVADE, and SHIVKUMAR KONNURI [9] introduced a system for accident detection, they used MEMS (Micro electro Mechanical System) this device is "Accelerometer is a device which can detect a tilt or a sudden jerk in any of the 3 axis(x,y,z)", they used GSM and GPS modules to send location to nearest hospital, they test the project using bicycle and the had succeed. Their problem is in un availability of a sensor that measures the distance of the near cars KOUJALAGI, et al. Farooq Hussain, Anshika Sharma, Shantanu Bhatnagar, Shubham Goyal, Rahul Singh, Shashi Jaiswal [10] are developed a system that will reduce the possibility of crashing by using arduino microcontroller and 8

18 GPS,GSM modules and vibration sensor, the add a key that will abort the process, the system detects the accident when the vibration sensor sense crash, Arduino receive the signal from vibration and coordinates from GPS and send a message through GPS to hospital, Hussain, et al. R.Monisha and Jessen Joseph Leo and, B.T.Tharani Sri Sakthi [11] are devolved an Authentication and Accident Intimation System, this system consist of three modules:" SMS Ignition Module: This is user defined module. When the car starts it sends the short message service (SMS) to the owner of the car, only if a reply is received the user is enabled to crank the car (2) Malfunction Module: This helps to send message to the service center if there is any malfunction in the car (3) Accident Alert Module: This module sends alert message to hospital or to the specified person when the car is met with an accident." They used UART for the communication between the microcontroller and GPS,GSM modules, this system provide high security Monisha, et al. Rajeswari and Chandana [12] are introduced a system that control the vehicles speed, the system employs zigbee sensor which provides warnings and automatic Break downs when collision occurs, they uses photoelectric sensor and microcontroller for reducing the vehicle speed " the brake is made to act like a switch and only when the brake is applied several times the system will start working else it will not", they uses GPS receiver to know the speed of vehicle and collision is detected based on that speed monitored by GPS and send the location and time of the collision from the GPS data processed by micro controller using GSM network Rajeswari, et al. 9

19 Amin, Jalil [13] has design a system for tracking a stolen vehicles and accident detection, the system contains GPS and GSM modems connected with a microcontroller. GSM technology is used to intimate the vehicle position in the form of latitude and longitude coordinates through SMS. Sensors such as vibration, alcohol and fire detectors detect signal in case of an accident occurrence and send a signal to the connected microcontroller.the controller in automatically lock the brakes.mean while a message reaches to the necessary help. and thus ambulance service and required aid can reach in the shortest time possible, Amin, et al. Amin and Bhuiyan [14] designed a system will detect an accident from the map matched position of a vehicle by utilizing the GPS speed data and map matching algorithm and send accident location to an Alert Service Center, they used GPS to provides speed and position in every 0.1 second. The position data will be used in the map matching algorithm to locate the vehicle on the road; the present speed will be compared with the previous speed in every 0.1 second through a Microcontroller Unit. Whenever the speed will be falling below the safe calculated threshold speed, the system will generate an accident situation. It will check the vehicle location from map matching module and generate an accident situation if the vehicle is found outside the road network, Amin, et al. Nandaniya, Choksi [15] has designed a system to detect accidents. The system envisioned is an automatic collision detection and warning system relying on GPS module and a GSM modem. In the case of an accident the system detects it using the fact that the vehicle would be 10

20 suddenly decelerated in such a condition. An accelerometer continuously monitors the acceleration of the vehicle and will detect decelerations greater than threshold value and send the data to the microcontroller via an ADC. The controller compares this with the threshold set value and immediately sends an SOS message to preset numbers. With this message the controller also transmits the GPS coordinates of the vehicle which it continuously obtains from the GPS module, Nandaniya, et al. Sonika, Sathiyasekar [16] invented a new vivid scheme called Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The objective of this scheme is to minimize the delay caused by traffic congestion and to provide the smooth flow of emergency vehicles. The concept of the scheme is to green the traffic signal in the path of ambulance automatically with the help of RF module. The main server finds the nearest ambulance to the accident zone and sends the exact accident location to the emergency vehicle. The control unit monitors the ambulance and provides the shortest path to the ambulance at the same time it controls the traffic light according to the ambulance location and thus arriving at the hospital safely., Sonika, et al. Prabha, Sunitha [17] are design a project will provide an optimum solution for save the people lives when they meet with an accident. An accelerometer can be used in a car alarm application, when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately Vibration sensor will detect the signal or if a car rolls over, and Micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) sensor will detects the signal and sends it to ARM controller. Microcontroller sends the alert message through the GSM MODEM including the location to police control room or a rescue team. So the 11

21 police can immediately trace the location through the GPS MODEM, after receiving the information. Then after conforming the location necessary action will be taken, they add a wireless webcam for capturing the images which will help in providing driver`s assistance, Prabha, et al. Keil ARMIDE and Jose and Mary [18] resolve the problem of the delay between accident occurrence and first responder dispatch is to use in-vehicle automatic accident detection and notification systems, which sense when a traffic accident is likely to occur and immediately notify emergency occurred. It can automatically detect traffic accidents using accelerometers and immediately notify a central emergency dispatch server after an accident, using GPS coordinates. Along with the data it will send the number of the vehicle too, they used ARM7 controller, accelerometer, GSM connections, and GPS to provide situational awareness responders, Keil ARMIDE, Jose, et al. 12

22 CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Framework Install PROTEUS program and download the libraries of the components. Build the Microcontroller circuit and connect it with display screen (LCD) and write a simple code in Arduino program to define the pins of the Ardunio and add it to PROTEUS simulator Validate by gets the program output displayed on the LCD in PROTEUS simulator Verified. Add the GPS module to the circuits and develop the simple program code in PROTEUS simulator Verified. Validate the functionality, and then display coordinates on the LCD in PROTEUS simulator Verified. 13

23 Add GSM module to the circuits and develop the program in PROTEUS simulator Verified. Validate the GSM functionality by receiving the message which sends through the program in PROTEUS simulator verified. Add Vibration sensor module to circuit in PROTEUS simulator. Validate the vibration sensor functionality by receiving the message which sends through the program PROTEUS Verified. Run the system in different scenarios in PROTEUS simulator, and compare the result with prior researcher works simulation model Accepted. Build the hardware model for the system and compare the result with the simulation model. 3.2 System Block Diagram Here in the system block diagram shown in figure 3.1, Arduino is used as main microcontoroller, this system is made for accident alert, the whole system is to be implemented in the vehicle itself. So,when the 14

24 accident happens, the vibration sense the shock and send it to an Arduino microcontroller, at the same time, with GPS the latitude and longitude of that particular location is obtained, And with that the exact location of the accident site is determined. And here, GSM modem SIM900 is interfaced with microcontroller. So that, when accident happens, the SMS will be sending automatically to the particular numbers which would be entered in the database. LCD will display the shock intensity and the validity of sending message. Also display the delay time to give the person chance to press the key if the accident is normal. Figure 3.1 system block diagram The components are following as: 15

25 3.2.1 Key Work as a switch for reset the circuit when there is no need for the ambulance or the police Power Supply A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electrical energy to an electrical load. Here Arduino Uno, sensor, GPS, GSM operates with DC 12V supply Arduino Uno It is a microcontroller development board made using ATmega328. ATmega328 has 14 digital input/output pins 6 analog inputs. It works on 16 Mhz crystal oscillator, a power Jack and a reset button. It provides everything needed to support the microcontroller development board, it can be directly connected to computer with a cable and USB jack. Instead of using converter Arduino uses USB-to-serial converter. 16

26 Figure 3.2 : Arduino Vibration Sensor Vibration sensor SW18010P is used for measuring and analyzing linear velocity, displacement or acceleration. Features of SW18010P. This is spring type directional vibration sensor. Which can detects vibration in any angle. Figure 3.3 vibration sensor 17

27 3.2.5 A 16X2 LCD 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, command and data. The command register stores the command instruction given to the LCD. A command is an instruction gives to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the curser position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. Figure 3.4: LCD 16x GPS Receiver: Global Position System (GPS) is a space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellite. The system provides critical capabilities to military, civil, commercial users around the world. 18

28 Figure 3.5 GPS receiver GSM module: A GSM network consists of the following components: Figure 3.6: GSM module I- Mobile Station: It is the mobile phone which consists of the transceiver, the display and the processor and is controlled by a SIM card operating over the network. 19

29 II- Base Station Subsystem It acts as an interface between the mobile station and the network subsystem. It consists of the Base Transceiver Station which contains the radio transceivers and handles the protocols for communication with mobiles. It also consists of the Base Station Controller which controls the Base Transceiver station and acts as an interface between the mobile station and mobile switching center. III- Network Subsystem It provides the basic network connection to the mobile stations. The basic part of the Network Subsystem is the Mobile Service Switching Centre which provides access to different networks like ISDN, PSTN etc. It also consists of the Home Location Register and the Visitor Location Register which provides the call routing and roaming capabilities of GSM. It also contains the Equipment Identity Register which maintains an account of all the mobile equipment's wherein each mobile is identified by its own IMEI number. IMEI stands for International Mobile Equipment Identity 3.3 Flowchart The figure below explains how the system is work and shows the steps that the system follows at the operation. 20

30 Figure 3.7: flowchart 21

31 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Results The system detects accident from a vehicle and send message through GSM module. The message is received by another GSM module. GPS Module track the exact location of the accident, Hence there is small variation in the coordinates, initial value of latitude and longitude are same but fractional value changes with small difference. At the simulation we tread the GPS and GSM modules with Virtual terminal, it act same as the modules work with more efficient at PROTEUS program. We connect the vibration sensor in the simulation with a variable resistance to control vibrate level. The results we get from the simulation are shown in the figure 4.1. At hardware we built, Arduino receive analog signals from the vibration sensor, it display on the LCD, We set a certain limit for the amount of vibration if the shock exceed the limit then a delay of 10 second will display at the LCD and start count down to 0, we introduced a key that will abort sending message if the key have been pressed before counting down finish, GPS will send the coordinates to microcontroller, GSM will send a message to the recorded numbers, the message that will be send is shown in figure 4.2 the full system is shown in figure

32 Figure 4.1 Simulation of the System Figure 4.2 the alert message 23

33 Figure 4.3: accident detection system 4.2 Discussions In our project we used Arduino Uno but in the other projects we did research about, they uses microcontroller ARM7, we used it because Arduino easer to program and fast also Arduino contains a programmer unlike microcontroller ARM7 that is hard to program. We have introduced a key in our system that will cancel sending message to the rescue team, which will be pressed within 10 seconds after the normal accident to occur that is not causing any type of harm to the people. 24

34 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusions The proposed system is developed to provide the information about the accident occur and the location of the accident.it helps to easily provide the assistant and help to the victim of the accident. This system uses GPS module to locate the vehicle. GSM is used to provide the information of accident. The results of the proposed systems are satisfactory. 5.2 Future Work Further this system can be implemented by using sound sensor, in order to make it more accurate and efficient to detect an accident. This is extended with alcoholic detection also. If the person who is driving took alcohol then the vehicle will be stopped immediately by giving alarm. This can also be developed by interconnecting camera to the controller module that takes the photograph of the accident spot makes tracking easier. 25

35 We found the location of the accident but there may be chance that the traffic jam will be high in that path. So we need to come up with some algorithm which gets the nearby hospitals with minimal distance and traffic. We may add some modules which will also let the system know about the traffic details and then find out which node will take less time to reach from the accident spot. 26

36 References [1] G. R. Shete, D. A. Shah, A. Gaidhani, S. D. Shinde, and S. R. Sharma, "Smartphone based Vehicle Tracking and Accident Prevention System," International Journal of Computer Applications & Information Technology, vol. 8, p. 172, [2] R. Rathinakumar and D. Manivannan, "Wireless accident information system using GSM and GPS," Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, pp , [3] R. Kumar and K. Jayasree, "GSM & GPS Integrated With ARM Based Event Data Recorder for Accident Detection," IJSEAT, vol. 2, pp , [4] P. P. Pingle, A. S. Marathe, and P. R. Ahirrao, "Intelligent Vehicle Accident Detection & Notification System (VADANS) Using Smart Sensor and GPS Technologies," Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, vol. 2, [5] M. S. Amin, M. B. I. Reaz, M. A. S. Bhuiyan, and S. S. Nasir, "Kalman filtered GPS accelerometer-based accident detection and location system: A low-cost approach," Current Science, vol. 106, pp , [6] A. R. Wakure, A. R. Patkar, M. V. Dagale, and P. P. Solanki, "Vehicle Accident Detection and Reporting System Using GPS and GSM," International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, vol. 10, pp. 1-4, [7] M. Abinaya and R. U. Devi, "Intelligent vehicle control using wireless embedded system in transportation system based on GSM and GPS technology," International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing ISSN X IJCSMC, vol. 3, pp , [8] H. D. Pham, M. Drieberg, and C. C. Nguyen, "Development of vehicle tracking system using GPS and GSM modem," in Open Systems (ICOS), 2013 IEEE Conference on, 2013, pp [9] A. KOUJALAGI, S. KARAVADE, and S. KONNURI, "WIRELESS BLACK BOX USING MEMS ACCELEROMETER AND GPS TRACKING FOR ACCIDENTAL MONITORING OF VEHICLES." [10] F. Hussain, A. Sharma, S. Bhatnagar, S. Goyal, R. Singh, and S. Jaiswal, "GPS and GSM based Accident Monitoring System," International Journal of Scientific Research and Management Studies, vol. 2, pp [11] R. Monisha, J. J. Leo, and B. T. S. Sakthi, "Car authentication and accident intimation system using GPS and GSM," in International 27

37 Conference On Global Innovations In Computing Technology, [12] M. Rajeswari, S. Chandana, D. Pruthvi, and S. S. Ramya, "Collision Detection And Avoidance Using Intelligent Vehicle Communication Protocol," in National Conference on Recent Advances in Information & Communication Engineering (NCRAICE-2016), [13] M. S. Amin, J. Jalil, and M. Reaz, "Accident detection and reporting system using GPS, GPRS and GSM technology," in Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV), 2012 International Conference on, 2012, pp [14] M. S. Amin, M. A. S. Bhuiyan, M. B. I. Reaz, and S. S. Nasir, "GPS and Map matching based vehicle accident detection system," in Research and Development (SCOReD), 2013 IEEE Student Conference on, 2013, pp [15] K. Nandaniya, V. Choksi, A. Patel, and M. Potdar, "Automatic Accident Alert and Safety System using Embedded GSM Interface," International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 85, [16] S. Sonika, K. Sathiyasekar, and S. Jaishree, "Intelligent accident identification system using GPS, GSM modem," International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, vol. 3, [17] C. Prabha, R. Sunitha, and R. Anitha, "Automatic vehicle accident detection and messaging system using GSM and GPS modem," International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 3, pp , [18] S. K. Jose, X. A. Mary, and N. Mathew, "Arm 7 based accident alert and vehicle tracking system," International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), vol. 2,

38 APPENDIX A Source Code: #include <SoftwareSerial.h> #include <LiquidCrystal.h> #include <TinyGPS.h> #define SIM900_TX_PIN 8 //SIM900 TX is connected to Arduino D8 #define SIM900_RX_PIN 7 //SIM900 RX is connected to Arduino D7 SoftwareSerial serialsim900(sim900_tx_pin,sim900_rx_pin); SoftwareSerial gpsserial(0, 1); // create gps sensor connection TinyGPS gps; // create gps object // define LCD pins connected to arduino LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2); const int h = 10; const int sensorvip = A0; const int switch1 = A1; char str; char *test="$gpgga"; char longitude; char latitude; int i,j,k; int temp; int vin0; int vin1; int c; void setup() { lcd.begin(16, 2); delay(100); //Being serial communication with Arduino and SIM900 and GPS serialsim900.begin(9600); Serial.begin(4800); delay(100); serialsim900.write("at+cmgf=1\r\n"); //Set SMS format to ASCII delay(1000); lcd.clear(); // initialize LCD lcd.setcursor(0, 0); lcd.print("setup Complete!" ); Serial.println("Setup Complete!"); delay(100); 29

39 lcd.clear(); } void serialevent() { while (Serial.available()) //Serial incoming data from GPS { char inchar = (char)serial.read(); str[i]= inchar; //store incoming data from GPS to temporary string str[] i++; if (i < 7) { if(str[i-1]!= test[i-1]) //check for right string { i=0; } } if(i >=40) { break; } } } void loop() { for(i=18;i<27;i++) //extract latitude from string { latitude[j]=str[i]; j++; } for(i=30;i<40;i++) //extract longitude from string { longitude[k]=str[i]; k++; } lcd.clear(); lcd.setcursor(0,1); lcd.print(" Lon(E)"); lcd.print(longitude); lcd.setcursor(0,0); //display latitude and longitude on 16X2 lcd display lcd.print(" Lat(N)"); lcd.print(latitude); 30

40 delay(2000); } void loop() { s; // define vibration sensor and the reset switch. vin0= analogread(sensorvip); vin1= analogread(switch1); lcd.setcursor(0, 0); lcd.print("sensor=" ); // check sensor reading lcd.setcursor(8, 0); lcd.print(vin0); if (vin0 <100) // shock string of sensor { lcd.clear(); lcd.setcursor(0, 0); lcd.print("sensor=" ); lcd.setcursor(8, 0); lcd.print(vin0); delay(1000); } if (vin0 >100) { c=10; for(int s=0; s<h; s++) { lcd.clear(); lcd.setcursor(0, 0); lcd.print("time =" ); // print the number of seconds since reset lcd.setcursor(8, 0); lcd.print(c); lcd.setcursor(11, 0); lcd.print(" s"); delay(500); c--; } lcd.clear(); lcd.setcursor(0, 0); lcd.print("time =" ); // print the number of seconds since reset lcd.setcursor(8, 0); lcd.print("0"); lcd.setcursor(11, 0); lcd.print(" s"); delay(500); 31

41 c=10; vin0= 1023; vin1= analogread(switch1); lcd.setcursor(0, 1); lcd.print("sw =" ); lcd.setcursor(8, 1); lcd.print(vin1); delay(1000); if (vin1 >10) { lcd.clear(); lcd.setcursor(0, 0); // canceling sending message if the shock not hard. lcd.print("no sent sms" ); goto s; } if (vin1 <10) { // enter recipient number serialsim900.write("at+cmgs=\"01********\"\r\n"); delay(1000); //Send SMS content serialsim900.write("location: longitude "); delay(100); Serial.print("Lat(N): "); //enter latitude in message. Serial.println(latitude); //enter latitude value in message. delay(100); Serial.print("Lon(E): "); //enter Longitude in Message. delay(100); Serial.println(longitude); //enter longitude value in message. delay(100); serialsim900.write((char)26); //send message delay(1000); temp=0; i=0; j=0; k=0; delay(200); lcd.clear(); lcd.setcursor(0, 0); lcd.print("sms Sent To"); lcd.setcursor(1, 1); lcd.print("ambulanc"); delay(2000); 32

42 // enter recipient number serialsim900.write("at+cmgs=\"09********\"\r\n"); delay(1000); //Send SMS content serialsim900.write("location: longitude"); delay(1000); Serial.print("Lat(N): "); //enter latitude in message. Serial.println(latitude); //enter latitude value in message. delay(100); Serial.print("Lon(E): "); //enter Longitude in Message. delay(100); Serial.println(longitude); //enter longitude value in message. delay(100); serialsim900.write ((char)26); //send message delay(1000); temp=0; i=0; j=0; k=0; delay(200); lcd.clear(); lcd.setcursor(0, 0); lcd.print("sms Sent To"); lcd.setcursor(1, 1); lcd.print("police"); delay(3000); } } } 33