TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1
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1 Mirsad ýirkiü, TVK Chaitanya, Laborations (1hp): Two 4 hour laborations Sign-up on the web Problem classes and labs: Examination: Mikael Olofsson, mikael@isy.liu.se Lecturer & examiner: TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 2 Written exam (5hp): 1 simple task Demand: 1/2 2 questions (5 points each), min 3 4 problems (5 points each), min 6 Pass: 14 points Information & course material: TSKS01 Digital Communication - Formalia Div. of Communication Systems Department of EE (ISY) Mikael Olofsson Introduction, Repetition of S&S, models TSKS01 Digital Communication Lecture 1 TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 4 be able to implement such communication systems that are treated in the course in block form and empirically evaluate them. (laborations) be able to, with some precision, analyze and compare various choices of digital modulation methods and coding methods in terms of error probabilities, minimum distances and related concepts. (problems) be able to account for the connection between different concepts in the course in a structured way using adequate terminology. (questions) After passing the course, the student should Course Aims 2(2) be able to describe problems that arise in communication situations, using own words, and be able to describe, and in a relevant way, compare methods to counteract those problems. (questions) be able to briefly account for some common channel models, especially for cables, radio channels and optical channels. (questions) be generally aquainted with modern communication, especially digital communication, i.e. be able to briefly describe several communication techniques. (questions) be able to reliably perform standard calculations regarding digital modulation, binary (linear) codes for error control and source coding. (basics) After passing the course, the student should Course Aims 1(2)
2 Languages in Tutorial Sessions English Swedish The tutorial series scheduled for Group_B is cancelled. All teaching will be in English TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 5 Overview of a Communication Situation Source Sender Receiver Destination Source statistics Stochastic process Markov chains Auto-correlation Sampling Reconstruction D/A-conversion Modulation coding Source coding Filtering LTI - non LTI Fading Noise Intentional jamming Sampling Reconstruktion A/D-conversion Demodulation -decoding Source decoding Filtering Demands on quality Cost functions Application Purpose TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 6 A One-way Telecommunication System Packing Error control Digital to analog Medium Source Source encoder encoder Modulator Source coding coding Digital modulation Destination Source decoder decoder Demodulator Unpacking Error correction Analog to digital TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 7 Course Contents Transmission channels (Cables, Radio, Optical) (Lectures 1 & 4) Introduction to stochastic processes. (Lectures 2-3) Software defined radio (lab preparation). (Lecture 5) Complex baseband representation. (Lecture 6) Digital modulation. (Lectures 7-9) Codes for error control. (Lectures 10-11) Source coding (packing data). (Lectures 12) TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 8
3 Repetition Signals and Systems Signals: Voltages, currents, and other measurements. Systems: Manipulate signals. x(t) System y(t) j 2f t Complex exponential: e 0 = cos(2f t) + j sin(2f t) Unit step: u(t) = 0, t<0 1, t>0 0 0 Unit impulse: (t): Property: x(t)(t) dt = x(0) t u(t) = () d TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 9 Special Outputs Impulse response: Energy-free (t) h(t) system Step response: Energy-free u(t) g(t) system General case: Energy-free x(t) y(t) system TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 10 Linear System TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 11 Time-Invariant and LTI TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 12
4 Convolution TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 13 Output of LTI Systems TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 14 The Frequency domain TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 15 LTI Systems TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 16
5 Cables Two wires: Model: Mathematically: Linear differential equation LTI system, impulse response, frequency response TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 17 Characteristic Impedance 1(2) Model of an infinitely long cable: Solution: Also infinitely long cable Result: Alternative model: Real part has to be positive: with argument in ( /2,/2) TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 18 Characteristic Impedance 2(2) We had: Serial properties per meter Possible choice: resistance impedance inductance Result: Z is real and constant admittance conductance capacitance Parallel properties per meter Proper termination: A finite cable should be terminated with the impedance Z TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 19 Frequency Response of a Cable 1(2) Finite length cable: One link: Frequency response of one link: Result: TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 20
6 Frequency Response of a Cable 2(2) Frequency response of a one meter long cable: An a meter long cable: Real-valued characteristic impedance: TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 21 Limit for the Frequency Response TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 22 The Telephone Approximate amplitude characteristic: Due to various filters and modulations in telephone systems TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 23 Optical Fibers Sender side Receiver side Light source Light detector LED Laser Photo diode Photo transistor Speed of light in vacuum: c m/s Speed of light in other media: v < c Refraction index: n = c / v Examples: Air: n (1) Fiber glass: 1.5 < n < 1.9 (roughly) TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 24
7 Step-Index Fiber Acceptance half-angle: in = arcsin Acceptance full angle: 2 in Numerical aperture: sin( in ) = ( 2 n 1 2 n2 ) n 0 n 0 n 1 2 n TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 25 Multimode Propagation Different paths - different distances different delays pulse spreading Light pulse in Light pulse out TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 26 Multmode Graded Index TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 27 Singlemode Step Index TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1 28
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TSKS01 Digital Communication - Lecture 1
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