Curved Rectangular Patch Array Antenna Using Flexible Copper Sheet for Small Missile Application

Transcription

1 World Aademy o Siene, Engineering and Tehnology International Journal o Eletrial, Computer, Energeti, Eletroni and Communiation Engineering Vol:7, No:11, 1 Curved Retangular Path Array Antenna Using Flexible Copper Sheet or Small Missile Appliation Jessada Monthasuwan, Charinsak Saetiaw, Chanhai Thongsopa International Siene Index, Eletrial and Computer Engineering Vol:7, No:11, 1 waset.org/publiation/17411 Abstrat This paper presents the development and design o the urved retangular path arrays antenna or small missile appliation. This design uses a.1mm lexible opper sheet on the ront layer and bak layer, and a 1.8mm PVC substrate on a middle layer. The study used a small missile model with 1mm diameter size with speed 1.1 Mah and requeny range on ISM.4 GHz. The design o urved antenna an be installation on a ylindrial objet like a missile. So, our proposed antenna design will have a small size, lightweight, low ost and simple struture. The antenna was design and analysis by a simulation result rom CST mirowave studio and onirmed with a measurement result rom a prototype antenna. The proposed antenna has a bandwidth overing the requeny range GHz, the return loss below -1 db and antenna gain 6.5 db. The proposed antenna an be applied with a small guided missile eetively. T Keywords Retangular path arrays, small missile antenna. I. INTRODUCTION HE demands o wireless ommuniation systems are rapidly growing. Future wireless systems will provide various servies suh as broadband multimedia and high speed aess. Espeially, the appliation o military radio tehnology has beome an important topi or mirowave ommuniation. In reent years, the inreasing interest in antennas and propagations researh is an appliation in military ommuniation devies [1]. The ommuniation link or a missile and military weapons ommuniation devies used to be a wireless network system. Military wireless network system was used or monitoring and traking o roket or missile. The ommuniation on missile or roket was diers rom the onvetional radiorequeny and wireless ommuniation tehnologies. The antenna designed or missile needs a bandwidth overed both reeive and transmit signals o the missile inluding some bandwidth beause o eet o missile's speed rom Doppler Eet. The speed o small missile was about Mah []. So, the antenna resonane requeny will be hanged when it's used on the missile or military weapons. The essential equipment or their wireless ommuniation systems is the antenna whih is used or transmitting and reeiving a signal. There are many types o antenna applied or the appropriate untion and system. But one o the major requirements o a missile and weapons traking appliation is a ompat and extremely wideband antenna overing the spetrum requeny. The mirostrip path antenna is better option or military weapons traking appliation. Due to their exhibit small size, light weight, low manuaturing ost and easy abriation. However, requeny shits where there moving very high Jessada Monthasuwan, Charinsak Saetiaw, and Chanhai Thongsopa are with the Suranaree University o Tehnology, 111, University Avenue, Muang Distrit, Nakhon Rathasima, Thailand ( Jassada_joe@ hotmail.om, harinsak_s@yahoo.o.th, han@sut.a.th). speed []-[5] beause the enter requeny will be hanged when it s moved with very high speed around Mah. Reent antenna or missile appliation development tends to ous on small planar antennas suh as bow-tie, elliptial, slot and array antennas [6], [7]. This paper presents a design and analysis o urved retangular path array antenna or small missile appliation. A thin and lexible opper sheet antenna was attahed a part o ylindrial PVC substrate. This antenna was designed on small missile model by ylindrial metal objet and antenna analysis was onduted by using the CST mirowave studio program [8]. The requeny o a designed antenna was used in ISM requeny band at.4 GHz. The proposed antenna is realized and experimentally examined, sine it has small size, light weight, easy abriation and low manuaturing ost. In this paper, the antenna will have return loss lower than -1 db whih overed requeny standard o.4ghz ISM Band. The average gain ahieved in the antenna is more than 6.5 db over the operating requeny. The advantage o the proposed antenna is that it an be used to small missile or military appliation. II. ANTENNA DESIGN AND SIMULATION RESULT The advantages o the mirostrip antennas are small size, and lightweight, onormable to planar and non planar suraes. They are simple and heap to manuature using tehnology. Ideal or installation on guided missile designed to be small. However, substrate is also important; we have to onsider the temperature and other environmental ranges o operation. Thikness o the substrate has a large eet on the resonant requeny and bandwidth o the antenna. Bandwidth o mirostrip antenna will inrease with inreasing o substrate thikness but with limits, otherwise the antenna will stop resonating. The purposed antenna is designed rom alulations and onsists o two parts: the path mirostrip antenna and the mathing mirostrip line at enter requeny.4 GHz. Consider, Fig. 1 shows a retangular mirostrip path antenna o length L, width W resting on a substrate o height h. the length o the path must be slightly less than λ / where λ is the wavelength in the dieletri medium and equal to λ / ε re where λ is the ree spae wavelength. From Fig. 1, path antenna an be design with a given resonane requeny, the eetive length is given by [9] as: L e = (1) ε where the expression or ε is given by Balanis [1] as: re re International Sholarly and Sientii Researh & Innovation 7(11) 1 14

2 International Siene Index, Eletrial and Computer Engineering Vol:7, No:11, 1 waset.org/publiation/17411 ε re World Aademy o Siene, Engineering and Tehnology International Journal o Eletrial, Computer, Energeti, Eletroni and Communiation Engineering Vol:7, No:11, 1 ε r + 1 ε = r For eiient radiation, the width W is given by Bahl and Bhartia [11] as: W = ε r + 1 Next, we introdue a simplest and most ommonly used eed tehniquee whih is the mirostrip transmission line. Mirostrip transmission line is onneted diretly to the path to indue exitation. The main advantage is that the eed line and the path an be printed on the same substrate layer. Fig. 1 Mirostrip Path Antenna (a) Top view h W 1 () () impedane transormers. The tehnique was hosen or this design beause it presented better simulation results in impedane mathing and antenna response. The input port o antenna was ed into the enter o strip line o the antenna. The size o the mirostrip line was alulated on the enter requeny at.4 GHz with 5Ω 7Ω and 1Ω impedanes as shown in Fig.. The path array antenna was designed appropriately or an appliation on small ylinder missile. Center-to-en nter spaing between the pathes is more than.5λ in order to obtain a proper balane between antenna gain and radiation main lobe shape. The purposed antenna model used the thin opper.1 mm. or the path array [7] on ront layer and ground layer at the bak o the PVC substrates with a thikness o 1.8 mm. Fig., with the parameters in Table I. Designing an antenna or small missile, bandwidth needs to over both reeiving and transmitting signals inluding bandwidth rom Doppler Eet. The speed o small missile is around Mah at the requeny o.4 GHz and a result rom Doppler Eet is ± 11.7GHz whih an be alulated by (4). where v d TAB E I DIMENSI NS PARAMETER OF PURPOSED A TENNA Parameter l1 l l l4 l5 l6 l7 l8 l9 a4 is the transmit requeny (Hz) is the speed o missile ( m / s ) is the speed o light ( m / s ) is the signal requeny Doppler Eet (Hz) Size(mm) v d = Parameter h1 h h h4 h5 h6 a1 a a a4 Size (mm) (4) (b) Front view Fig. Shemati o purpose antennaa (Straight) Three types o eed network were used: tapered lines to math 1Ω path elements to a 5Ω input: ombination o 1Ω, 5Ω and 7Ω lines; and a orporate-eed network modeled with multiple-setion quarter-wavelength Fig. Model o purposed antenna urved on ylindrial PVC tube However, when we urved a path array on PVC tube at 1 mm. diameter as shown in Fig., the simulation result shows that the antenna is not working at the same enter International Sholarly and Sientii Researh & Innovation 7(11) 1 141

3 requeny.4 GHz. So, we has a modiiation o the parameters o the antenna to adjust the requeny resonane bak to.4 GHz as shown in Fig. 4, The result o simulation shows that we an adjust l4 equal to 5mm to make a resonant requeny.4 GHz. e ur oss World Aademy o Siene, Engineering and Tehnology International Journal o Eletrial, Computer, Energeti, Eletroni and Communiation Engineering Vol:7, No:11, Frequeny (GHz) l4 = 5 mm l4 = 48 mm l4 = 56 mm The E-ield and H-ield radiation patterns o urved path array antenna were shown on Figs. 5 and 6, respetively. The plane o the eletri ield diretion shown in Fig. 5 has about 7 db diretional gain. III. MEASURE ENT RESULT The prototype antennas were abriated rom lexible opper sheet with the same dimension parameters and eletrial properties as simulation model and shown in Table I exept l4 as we had explained previously. The prototype antenna made rom lexible opper sheet and urved on PCV tube as shown in Fig. 7. The prototype antennas are haraterized in terms o return loss and radiation pattern using an Agilent HP87D Mirowave Vetor Network Analyzer, is perorm in the anehoi hamber. The result o simulation ompare with a measurement o prototype with resonant requeny at.4 GHz as shown in Fig. 8. International Siene Index, Eletrial and Computer Engineering Vol:7, No:11, 1 waset.org/publiation/17411 Fig. 4 Reletive oeiient (S11) o path array antenna urved on PVC tube with dierene l4 θ = Fig. 5 Simulation result o E-iled radiation pattern θ = Fig. 6 Simulation result o H-iled radiation pattern Fig. 7 Prototype o path antenna arrays urved on PVC Tube -1 Re urn L ss (db) simulation measurement result Frequeny (GHz) Fig. 8 Reletive oeiient (S11) o purposed antenna ompare between simulation and measurement result The antenna is laid on XY plane and urved in XZ-plane. The E-ields and H-ields radiation patterns o urved path array antenna was measured and shown on Figs. 9 and 1, respetively. The plane o the E-ield radiation pattern shown in Fig. 9 has around 6.5 db diretional gain. This measurement result agrees with simulation result that urved path array antenna has a radiation pattern as Omni-diretional, a requeny bandwidth is GHz and average gain in all diretion is 6.5 db. This was enough to use or a small missile appliation. Fig. 11 shows a range o bandwidth rom the GHz at - db. This bandwidth overs the range o the missile whih has Mah o movement speed, alulated rom the equation o the Doppler Eet. International Sholarly and Sientii Researh & Innovation 7(11) 1 14

4 World Aademy o Siene, Engineering and Tehnology International Journal o Eletrial, Computer, Energeti, Eletroni and Communiation Engineering Vol:7, No:11, 1 studio program. The ISM requeny o a designed antenna has enter requeny at.4 GHz. In measurement, it is ound that the proposed antenna has about 4 MHz (:1 VSWR) requeny bandwidth whih overed requeny range GHz. The average gain ahieved in the propose antenna is about 6.5 db over the operating requeny. This antenna has Omni-diretional radiation patterns at the enter requeny o.4ghz and bandwidth overs all requeny eet on Doppler Eet ( ± 11.7 khz). The advantage o the proposed antenna is that it an be used with small missile or military appliation. International Siene Index, Eletrial and Computer Engineering Vol:7, No:11, 1 waset.org/publiation/17411 Fig. 9 E-iled radiation pattern rom measurement = Fig. 1 H-iled radiation pattern rom measurement..4.5 Fig. 11 Reletive oeiient (S11) than - db o purposed antenna ompare between simulation and measurement result IV. CONCLUSION This paper presented the path array antenna or a small missile appliation, whih an be urved or bent along the ylindrial surae when it is installed on a small missile. The proposed antenna was designed with a ylinder PVC tube and antenna analysis was onduted by using the CST mirowave REFERENCES [1] G. A. El-Sheikh, Perormane investigation o a homing guided missile with positioning the seeker antenna, Proeedings o the Twenty-First National Radio Siene Conerene, pp. C - 1-1, 4. [] Cong Chen, Li Jiebo, Lin Zhang and Haitao Chen, Researh o the missile and airrat base mounted antennas or data transmission, International Conerene on Mirowave and Millimeter Wave Tehnology, pp. 9 94, 1. [] G. R. DeJean, T.T. Thai, S. Nikolaou and M.M. Tentzeris, Design and Analysis o Mirostrip Bi-Yagi and Quad-Yagi Antenna Arrays or WLAN Appliations, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 6, pp , 7. [4] Lin Jinyong, Li Gang, Sun Shenghe, Zhu Wenbiao, Gao Xiaoying, Modeling Investigation in Large Sale System o Autonomous Formation Flying, Journal o System Simulation, Vol.19, No.16, pp. 61-6, August 7. [5] G. R. DeJean and M. M. Tentzeris, A new high-gain mirostrip Yagi array antenna with a high ront-to-bak (F/B) ratio or WLAN and millimeter-wave appliations, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 55, pp.98 4, Feb. 7. [6] B. Yu, D. Wu and K. Seo, Array o waveguide-ed mirostrip antennas, International Conerene on Communiation Systems, pp , 8. [7] A. Sabban, Appliations o MM Wave Mirostrip Antenna Arrays, International Symposium on Systems and Eletronis, pp , 7. [8] "CST-Mirowave Studio," ed, (9). [9] Kumar, G. and Ray, K.P., Broadband Mirostrip Antennas, Arteh House, In,. [1] Balanis, C.A., Advaned Engineering Eletromagnetis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989 [11] Garg, R., Bhartia, P., Bahl, I., Ittipiboon, A., Mirostrip Antenna Design Handbook, Arteh House, In, 1. Jessada Monthasuwan reeived the B.Eng. degrees in Teleommuniation Engineering rom Suranaree University o Tehnology in 11. He is urrently working toward the Master degree in Teleommuniation Engineering o Suranaree University o Tehnology. His researh ouses on antennas design and modeling with antennas systems or several appliations. Charinsak Saetiaw reeived the B.Eng. degrees in Teleommuniation Engineering rom Suranaree University o Tehnology and M.Eng. degrees in Teleommuniation Engineering rom Suranaree University o Tehnology in 1997 and 7, respetively. He is urrently working toward the Ph.D. degree in Teleommuniation Engineering o Suranaree University o Tehnology. His researh ouses on antennas design, wireless hannel measurement and modeling with antennas systems or several appliations. Chanhai Thongsopa reeived B.Eng (1 Hons) Eletronis Engineering, King Mongkut s Institute o Tehnology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand, M.Eng. (Eletrial and Communiations Engineering), Kasetsart University, Thailand and D.Eng. (Eletrial Engineering), King Mongkut s Institute o Tehnology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand in 199, 1996 and, respetively. Experienes & expert are RF iruit design, ative antenna, mirowave heating appliation in Researher at Aeronautial Radio o Thailand Company Design Systems Air Trai ontrol: Design transmitters VHF-UHF (AM) 5W (on 4 Hour) and Design Transmitters HF (AM) 1KW (on 4 Hour). Furthermore, Researher at National International Sholarly and Sientii Researh & Innovation 7(11) 1 14

5 World Aademy o Siene, Engineering and Tehnology International Journal o Eletrial, Computer, Energeti, Eletroni and Communiation Engineering Vol:7, No:11, 1 Eletronis and Computer Tehnology Center (NECTEC) and onsultant o SDH projet at Telephone Organization o Thailand (TOT) design RF iruit in He is urrently an Assoiate Proessor at the Teleommuniation Engineering, Suranaree University o Tehnology. International Siene Index, Eletrial and Computer Engineering Vol:7, No:11, 1 waset.org/publiation/17411 International Sholarly and Sientii Researh & Innovation 7(11) 1 144