DS-3000 User s Manual

Transcription

1 DS-3000 User s Manual Revision H, 12/18 page 1 of

2 Table of Contents 1.1 APPLICATIONS KEY FEATURES BLOCK DIAGRAM SPECIFICATIONS MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS INTERFACE CONNECTIONS GETTING STARTED CHECKING THE CONTENTS DOWNLOADING AND INSTALLING GUI DRIVERS & SOFTWARE SYNTHESIZER SETUP LAUNCH SOFTWARE COMMUNICATIONS DS-3000 GUI Home Tab Setup/Status Tab Sweep Mode Tab List Mode Tab (if option present) List Management Tab (if option present) DS-3000 SPI COMMANDS SPI Timing DS-3000 USB COMMANDS USB Command Example IN-DEPTH INFORMATION OPTIMIZING THE FREQUENCY ACCURACY THE EXTERNAL 10 MHZ FREQUENCY REFERENCE INPUT AUTO-SENSING OF EXTERNAL REFERENCE THE EXTERNAL 10 MHZ FREQUENCY REFERENCE OUTPUT USING THE 100 MHZ REFERENCE ENSURING PROPER HEATSINKING Optional Heat Sink Kit (Option -HS) Heat Sink Assembly Instructions Optional Shock Mount Kit (Option -SK) Shock Mount Kit Assembly Details PHASE NOISE PLOTS TYPICAL PHASE NOISE PLOTS MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE & CALIBRATION INTERVAL SYNTHESIZER LABELING FACTORY SERVICING Shipping Instructions WARRANTY ORDERING INFORMATION REVISION HISTORY Revision H, 12/18 page 2 of

3 1.0 Introduction The DS-3000 is a state-of-the-art DDS-based synthesizer tuning continuously from 100 MHz to 20 GHz, in 1 Hz steps. It is housed in a very small and light aluminum case and easily integrates into larger systems that need a clean, robust and wide range frequency source. Tuning and other monitor and control operations are accomplished via 4-wire SPI tuning or USB. A Windows-based GUI is provided to facilitate USB operations. The synthesizer includes an internal reference which will auto-lock to an external 10 MHz reference if one is present. A sample of the 10 MHz reference in use by the DS is provided on an output, to support daisy-chaining and synchronization with other devices. A 100 MHz output is also provided, for synchronization to devices that use this higher reference frequency. DS-3000 Frequency Synthesizeris available in two models; the DS-3001 for standard phase noise profile and stability, or the DS-3002 for the Ultimate Phase Noise profile and stability. Normal user features such as frequency stepping, scanning and sweeping are provided. The DS-3000 provides for automatic stepping and scanning, via triggers and programmable dwell times on each step, or manual stepping and scanning through user addressable commands or GUI buttons. The DS-3000 can be configured with an optional List Mode, in which the user may load pre-configured list entries for tuning frequencies and dwell times, enabling the fastest tuning speeds and user operations. If List Mode option is not included, then the List Mode screens in the GUI will be greyed out. Built-in test is provided in the DS-3000, enabling the user to monitor the current operational status of the device, as well as the key identifying information. The scope of this document is to describe how to setup the Syntonic DS-3000 Frequency Synthesizer, to install the GUI Software and USB drivers on a computer, and control the synthesizer using either the GUI software or the SPI commands directly via the 14-pin connector interface. Revision H, 12/18 page 3 of

4 1.1 Applications Benchtop, as a signal generator, controlled via USB Integrated, as a signal source, controlled via SPI bus 1.2 Key Features Tuning Range: 100 MHz to 20 GHz, 1 Hz steps Industry-leading Phase Noise Performance Small Size: 6 x 4.5 x 0.7 Internal Reference with auto-sync ing feature Fast tuning: 200 µs in List Mode 1 msec in normal Mode GUI-based operation over USB port SPI-bus programmable over 14 pin interface Separate DC connection for standalone operation Wide Temperature range Revision H, 12/18 page 4 of

5 1.3 Block Diagram Revision H, 12/18 page 5 of

6 1.4 Specifications RF OUTPUT Frequency Tuning Range Frequency Tuning Resolution Switching Speed RF Power Output RF Power Flatness, over freq range Harmonics Non-Harmonic spurious VSWR (in band) Connector 100 MHz to 20 GHz 1 Hz 200 microsec, max, list mode. 1 msec normal mode. +13 dbm typ +/- 2 db max -12 dbc max -60 dbc max 2.5:1 (50 ohm) SMA-female REFERENCE The DS-3000 has an internal 100 MHz reference. Two versions are available, with differing stabilities and phase noise. A sample of the 100 MHz is provided. An external 10 MHz can be used to phase lock the internal 100 MHz and a sample of the external 10 MHz reference is provided for daisy-chaining purposes. DS-3001 DS-3002 Internal Oscillator Type TCXO OCXO Internal Reference Frequency 100 MHz 100 MHz Internal Reference Aging, per year <2 ppm <1 ppm Internal reference Stability over temp* +/- 0.5 ppm +/- 0.1 ppm * stability temperature range 0 to +70 C -20 to +70 C Reference Output, 10 MHz 10 6 dbm, +/- 2 db, locked to the reference in use Reference Output, 100 MHz dbm, +/- 2 db, locked to the reference in use External Reference Input (cust supplied) 10 0 dbm +/- 6 dbm (No damage MAX, <+17 dbm) Locking Range of External Reference +/- 3 ppm +/- 0.5 ppm Reference Select Auto-Sense; locked to external if present, otherwise internal Input/Output Connectors SMA-female GENERAL DC Power +9 to +15 VDC Power Consumption 10W typ, 12W max 12W typ, after warm-up Stand-by Power & Wake-Up <2 Watt in stand-by (std reference). Wake-up time approx. 100 ms DC Power & Control Connector 14 Pin Male. Harwin M mate High Reliability series. Mates with M (female). Aux DC Power 2.0 mm center pin. CUI MODEL: PJ-063AH Mates with Jack Insertion Diameter/Depth: 5.5 mm/ 8.85 mm USB Connection Mini-USB Operating Temperature -30 to 70 deg C, baseplate Warm Up time 1 minute, max 2 minute, max Humidity 95% non-condensing Alarm Type TTL, Hi = ok Size, inches 6.5 x 4 x 0.7 Revision H, 12/18 page 6 of

7 RF OUTPUT PHASE NOISE DS-3002 Ultimate Phase Noise: typ, in dbc/hz 2.5 GHz 5 GHz 10 GHz 20 GHz 100 Hz khz khz khz MHz MHz Deg RMS DS-3001 Standard Phase Noise: typ, in dbc/hz 2.5 GHz 5 GHz 10 GHz 20 GHz 100 Hz khz khz khz MHz MHz -147s Deg RMS REFERENCE OUTPUT PHASE NOISE 100 MHz Reference Oscillator Output Phase Noise: typ, in dbc/hz DS-3001 (TCXO) DS-3002 (OCXO) 10 Hz Hz khz khz NOTE: See Appendix A for typical phase noise performance plots Revision H, 12/18 page 7 of

8 1.5 Mechanical Dimensions Revision H, 12/18 page 8 of

9 1.6 Interface Connections Monitor & Control of the DS-3000 is accomplished by a single connector which provides DC, Ground, 4-Wire SPI, Alarms, and Muting. The interface connector locks to the female mating connector, providing a rugged and stable coupling for lab or field use. A secondary connection port is provided utilizing mini-usb. A user GUI is provided enabling access via the USB and packet level control is accomplished via SPI. PROGRAMMING DC Power & Control Connector Programming Interface Alternate Programming Port Multi-pin Interface, male (all connections on one connector) Clock/MOSI/MISO/SS (4-wire SPI) USB; mini-usb form factor, with GUI on Windows 7 or later 14-Pin HEADER CONNECTOR INTERFACE SIGNAL PIN DESCRIPTION SPI: CLK 12 SPI clock. Supplied by the controlling computer (not the synthesizer). The controlling computer is the SPI master; the synthesizer is the SPI slave. SPI: SS 6 SPI Slave Select. This signal is an active low input to the synthesizer. It frames command communications. For each command, SPI_SS goes low before the fi rst bit is sent and goes high after the last bit is sent. SPI: MISO 11 Master In/Slave Out. Status and other returned information from the synthesizer to the controlling computer. SPI: MOSI 5 Master Out/Slave In. Command data from the controlling computer to the synthesizer RS232-RX 8 RS232 level signal input from computer RS232-TX 1 RS232 level signal output from DS-3000 TRIGGER 10 Rising edge active input. When enabled, the trigger signal of +3.3 V can initiate freq. change or step through lists or sweeps. LD OUT 3 Output indicates the synthesizer is locked on its current setting (TTL Levels). FREQ MODE 4 TTL level input sets the frequency resolution at 1 Hz or 100 Hz. +VIN 7,14 External DC Power Supply (between +9 and +15 VDC) GND 13 DC Ground SPARE 2 Do not use. Reserved for factory use. Revision H, 12/18 page 9 of

10 2.0 Getting Started This section of the manual is a snapshot guide to help you through the simple process of setting up your DS-3000 Synthesizer. Device drivers and software are available on the Syntonic Microwave website. 2.1 Checking the Contents Verify the contents in the box: ITEM Description Order Number QTY A DS-3000 Synthesizer DS-3001 or DS B USB Cable 1 C DC Cable Assembly 1 D 14-Pin Mating Connector M A B C D Revision H, 12/18 page 10 of

11 NOTE: If the Optional DS-3000 Heat Sink Assembly kit was purchased, please refer to section 4.4 Ensuring Proper heatsinking for detailed assembly instructions. 2.2 Downloading and Installing GUI Drivers & Software Navigate in your browser to the Syntonic Microwave website synthesizers webpage. Select the Documentation tab and click on the Windows GUI link. This is a.zip file that contains GUI installation software. Be sure to extract and install the software on your Windows 7 or 10 computer before continuing. There are two files in the.zip file used for SW GUI installation: 1. Place mchid.dll file in the proper Windows System folder: a. For Win7, it is placed into C:\Windows\System32 b. For Win10, it is placed into C:\Windows\SysWOW64 2. Double click on the installation file Syntonic DS3000 Control_1.xx.msi Click Next > Revision H, 12/18 page 11 of

12 2. Choose installation folder: You can either go with the default location or Browse to a new location. Once you have selected a location, click Next > 3. Confirm you are ready to install Click Next > Revision H, 12/18 page 12 of

13 4. Program installs and signals complete: 5. Double-Click on the DS-3000_Control icon on the desktop to launch the product SW GUI. Revision H, 12/18 page 13 of

14 2.3 Synthesizer Setup 1. Insert one end of an SMA RF cable (not supplied) to the synthesizer s RF OUT SMA connector and the other end of the cable to the applicable microwave test equipment as shown in the illustration below, such as a spectrum analyzer. 2. Insert the mini-b end of the USB cable into the synthesizer s USB connector and the type-a end into the computer s USB receptacle. 3. Ensure that the power supply is turned off before connecting DC cables. Verify that the voltage of the power supply is set to nominal +12 V level. 4. Connect the black (ground) banana plug of the DC bias power cable to the power supply. 5. Connect the red (+12 V) banana plug to the power supply. 6. Turn on the power supply. WARNING: Voltage below +9.0 V at the synthesizer connector may result in degraded performance; voltage exceeding V may damage the synthesizer. Bench Power Supply Computer Custom Cable Assembly External 10MHz Ref Power Meter Frequency Counter Spectrum Analyzer Revision H, 12/18 page 14 of

15 2.4 Launch Software Launch the previously installed control software by double clicking on the shortcut icon which was placed on the computer s desktop. Then, refer to 3.1 below for instructions concerning USB-based control of the DS Communications The Syntonic DS-3000 has two communication interface options, SPI and USB. When a USB cable is plugged into the DS-3000 the SPI port is disabled. The SPI port is a full duplex port while the USB connection is half duplex. Because of this there are some differences in the commands and responses. Both the SPI and USB commands and response are byte oriented with a variable length format. The format is a single byte that identifies the unique command with a variable number of bytes following, depending on the particular command. Revision H, 12/18 page 15 of

16 3.1 DS-3000 GUI Home Tab When the DS-3000 is either unpowered (USB cabled plugged in) or the DS-3000 is powered (with USB cable not plugged in), the indicator on the right will light up to show status of USB connection. This first image of the Home Tab shows this indicator before a USB connection is established. Disconnected Connected Other warnings include an Over Temp Alarm and an Unlock Alarm. These are explained later. Revision H, 12/18 page 16 of

17 The Home tab allows for direct numerical entry of several parameters: Frequency: Manually enter a frequency in MHz between 100 and 20,000 in the text box labeled Frequency. The DS-3000 will tune to this frequency as you enter it. Start, Stop and Step Frequency: Manually enter a start and stop frequency along with a step size and use Man Step to step through each frequency as you click the > and < buttons to sequence up and down through each frequency at the step size entered. Automatic stepping is also available using Auto Step. When Auto Step is initiated with the > button, the DS-3000 tunes to the Start Frequency first and sequences up from there to the Stop Frequency then begins again from the Start Frequency until the button is pressed. Likewise, when Auto Step is initiated with the < button, the DS-3000 tunes to the Stop Frequency first and sequences down from there to the Start Frequency until the button is pressed. The frequencies tuned to during this sequenced tuning are always displayed in the top Frequency box. Auto Step Up Auto Step Down Revision H, 12/18 page 17 of

18 Dwell Time: This is used in Auto Step to set how long the DS-3000 will be locked to each frequency before switching to the next frequency in sequence. NOTE: The dwell times are longer when using this Home Tab tuning feature as compared to the List or Sweep Mode tuning. Because of this, the Dwell Time entry should be no less than 50ms (a Windows USB limitation). However, when creating or recalling lists, the Dwell Time entry may become less than this limit. The Setup/Status page allows for a variable number of digits to be displayed from 1 Hz up to 100 khz resolution. Go to this tab to adjust the display resolution in order to enter finer frequency resolutions for tuning on the Home Tab. Display Resolution set to 10 Hz NOTE: If a small step size is set without setting the resolution first (from the Setup/Status tab), the Frequency, Start, Stop and Step resolution will be hidden by the current display resolution, and therefore appear unchanged when using Man Step or Auto Step. But the GUI will still use the full resolution step size that was entered. Revision H, 12/18 page 18 of

19 When a value in the text box has been changed the background color in the box changes from white to blue. This indicates that the change (command) has not been sent to the DS-3000 yet. This color stays until the entry is completed by using the ENTER key. Background color indicates pending change List#: List mode can be operated manually or automatically. The manual mode is available both on the Home tab and the List Mode Tab. Up to 5000 entries can be saved in the DS-3000 Non-Volatile RAM memory using the List# text box. To save, enter the List number, the Frequency and the Dwell Time and click Save to List. Any List# entry saved in a DS-3000 can be recalled by entering a number in the List# text box and clicking on Recall List #. Revision H, 12/18 page 19 of

20 When a List entry is recalled the Dwell Time text box changes from the Auto Step dwell value to the List entry dwell value. Each List entry has its own dwell time saved with it. List entry on Home Tab List Management Tab In addition to direct entry of the desired list entry number, the Next and Prev buttons can be clicked to get the adjacent list entries. If the mouse button is held down on these buttons they will, after a slight delay, automatically increment/decrement. Roll over/under occurs at entry #s 1 and Revision H, 12/18 page 20 of

21 3.1.2 Setup/Status Tab The GUI display resolution is set using the radio buttons in the Display Resolution panel. This will affect all Frequency entry text boxes. NOTE: hidden digits may not be zero if they were set before the resolution was changed. The DS-3000 status byte is read every 2 seconds when this page is viewed giving updates to key parameters in the Status Byte panel. Standby Resume The DS-3000 can be put in a low power mode by clicking on the alternate action Standby/Resume button. The Internal reference oscillator has an adjustment range of It can be changed by the slider bar below the text box, or by clicking on the <> ends of the slider causes which causes a change of +/-1. Clicking and holding in the center of the slider causes repeating steps of +/-5. When the reference frequency is set to the desired frequency accuracy, the value is saved in EEPROM by clicking the Save Ref Value button. When the Setup/Status tab is entered from another tab the saved reference value is read and shown in the Internal Ref Adjust text box. The internal temp sensor reads out near-real-time temperature in Degrees C. If a more immediate reading is needed, press the Read Temp Now button. Revision H, 12/18 page 21 of

22 The synthesizer can be reset by clicking on the Reset Synth button. The 100 MHz reference output can be enabled/disabled with its alternate action button. This allows the DS-3000 to also source a very low noise 100 MHz reference signal for other devices that may need it in a system. Enable 100 MHz Disable 100 MHz Revision H, 12/18 page 22 of

23 3.1.3 Sweep Mode Tab The DS-3000 has an internal sweep capability that is much faster than the Auto Step mode available on the Home Tab. Dwell Time for this function can be set as low as 500µs (microseconds), and is entered in milliseconds (0.5ms) This tab allows the DS-3000 to be setup for sweeping frequencies from an entered Start, Stop and Increment frequency. The sweep direction can be selected to be up (increasing frequency), down (decreasing frequency) or up/down using the Sweep Direction panel. The number of sweeps can be specified by the value in the Run Count text box, or can be continuous if the Run Continuous box is checked. If Run Continuous is checked, the Run Count text box goes to 0. The advance to the next frequency step can be controlled by selecting Software Delay or Hardware Trig in the Increment Control panel. Software Delay is simply the amount of time entered in the Dwell Time text box. Hardware Trig incrementing of the frequency is controlled by a positive going pulse on the Trigger line of the 14- Pin Harwin connector. Sweep mode terminates if the alternate action Start/Stop Sweep button is pressed, or if this tab is exited. Revision H, 12/18 page 23 of

24 3.1.4 List Mode Tab (if option present) List Mode operates much like Sweep Mode except that each discrete frequency, along with its parameters is saved in EEPROM memory. List Mode is also similar to the Home tab in that it can be used to create and recall List # s, which you can then see, activate, deactivate and save in the List Management tab. The entries in the list mode are contained in a dual linked list. This means that the access to any entry in the list, no matter how many entries in between it and the last active entry will always be the same, giving consistent operation. Revision H, 12/18 page 24 of

25 Like Sweep Mode the List frequencies can be sequenced up, down or up/down using the Step Direction panel. However, in List Mode the SW Delay Source can be both global as well as an individual. Global is set using the Dwell Time and applies to all the frequencies in the list whereas Indv. Delay applies the individual Dwell times specified in the list seen from the List Management tab. List Mode List Management A List entry can be disabled from the active running by saving it with the RF output turned off. This would show up in the List Management list with the RF On box unchecked for that particular List #. While List entries can be created and saved both from this tab and the Home tab, for creating a large number of list entries use the List Management tab which also allows for an external program (text editor, Excel etc.) to be used to load the list. Revision H, 12/18 page 25 of

26 3.1.5 List Management Tab (if option present) The list management tab starts up as shown with no information present. A list can be generated in one of three manners: 1. A new list can be created manually. Starting with List #1, enter the Frequency in MHz and the dwell time in milli-seconds. If the List # is meant to be active check the RF On box. To advance to the next number in the list, either enter a value in the text boxes or check the RF On box. Continue doing this until your list is complete, then hit either the DL All, DL Range or DL Changed buttons. 2. Populate the list by uploading a currently save list from the DS-3000 by using either the Upload All or Upload Rng (range) buttons. 3. A file containing the three List parameters can be loaded from a file where it is saved by using the Load from Disk button. NOTE: if using either the DL Range or Upload Rng buttons, specify the range using the Start and End fields. Revision H, 12/18 page 26 of

27 The screen below shows a populated list that is 12 numbers long. If this List is generated either manually or by loading it from a file, the list will then need to be applied to the DS-3000 by using the DL (download) buttons. For a short list like this, it is recommended to specify the list range using the Start/End text boxes as shown below. Then use the DL Range button. This action will save the list into EEPROM memory in the DS A list of up to 5000 entries can be created or loaded (up or down). Use the vertical scroll bar on the right to access any portion of a longer list. This list can be saved into the EEPROM memory on the DS-3000 but can take up to 5 minutes for all 5000 entries. For smaller lists the DL range button in conjunction with the Start/End text boxes can be used to speed this process up. Revision H, 12/18 page 27 of

28 The next screenshots show a full list has been loaded. The vertical scroll bar on the right of the grid allows access to any portion of the loaded list. List # s before downloading List # s after downloading Notice that the background color in the List # column is blue to indicate that these list numbers have not been applied to (I.E. saved to EEPROM) the DS-3000 yet. This will change to white after downloading is complete. Clicking on the DL Changed button will only download changed entries. This is an easy way to enable/disable any entry in the list without having to re-enter its data. NOTE: After Downloading the List # s to the DS-3000, these individual List # s can be viewed from the List Mode or Home tabs using the Prev or Next buttons. If the Clear Grid button is pressed the original screen (from the beginning of the List Management Tab section) shows no data. The List data is still saved in the DS3000 but can be totally erased by clicking the Erase All button (takes less than 2 seconds). Revision H, 12/18 page 28 of

29 Creating the List file to Load: The screenshot below shows a small portion of the full 5000 long file in a text editor The fields are separated by commas (CSV). The fields are: List # RF On enable/disable Frequency in 1 Hz resolution Dwell time in 100 micro-second increments In this example, [4,1, ,500] is equivalent to [List#, RF On (active), 400 MHz, 50ms] as shown in the image. This file can be created in any text editor as well as MS Excel. After creating the file use the Load from Disk button to upload the list into the List Management tab. NOTE: RF On= 1; enable RF Out. RF On = 0; disable RF Out. The Erase All button is used to clear out a list that is currently in EEPROM. Revision H, 12/18 page 29 of

30 In the screenshot below, the Erase All button was pressed followed by a Upload Rng button. Erased entries have all fields set to zero. Revision H, 12/18 page 30 of

31 3.2 DS-3000 SPI Commands The table below is a summary list of the available commands. The detailed discussion and example of each command follows. NOTE: Example byte values are in hex unless otherwise stated. Command HDR Total # Description Value of Bytes Set Frequency 0x01 6 Tunes DS-3000 from 0.1 to 20GHz 1 Hz res. RF Output 0x02 2 RF output On/Off control Reset 0x03 2 Forces DS-3000 to known state Adjust Reference 0x04 3 Provides Reference Oscillator Adjustment Create List Entry 0x0B 12 Stores pre-computed Frequency data Recall List Entry 0x0C 3 Tunes DS-3000 to recalled list # (0-5000) Run List Mode 0x0D 8 Steps the DS-3000 through active List Entries Stop List Mode 0x0E 1 Stops the List Mode Erase Entire List 0x0F 1 Erases all list data Start Sweep Mode 0x10 23 Sweeps from F1 to F2 in Fstep increments Stop Sweep Mode 0x18 1 Stops the Sweep mode Standby/Resume 0x17 2 Puts DS-3000 is a low power mode (no RF) 100MHz output 0x1E 2 Enables/Disables the 100 MHz output Save Ref Value 0x1F 1 Saves the current Adjustment value Set Query 0x63 2 Tells DS-3000 it needs to respond to next command Set Frequency Command The set frequency command has a 5-byte frequency data field where the least significant bit is equal to 1 Hz. The most significant bit of the most significant byte is sent first. Example: Set Frequency to 100 MHz HDR Byte5 Byte4 Byte3 Byte2 Byte1 Byte F5 E1 00 Frequency = 100 MHz Revision H, 12/18 page 31 of

32 RF Output Command The RF output command has a single data byte field that is used to enable or disable the output. Example: Turn RF output off HDR Byte1 Byte RF Output Command The RF output command has a single data byte field that is used to enable or disable the output. Example: Turn RF output on HDR Byte Byte0 Reset Command The reset command has a single data byte field. When set to 1 the DS-3000 tunes to the last good user specified frequency (power up default). When set to 0 the DS tunes to 1000 MHz. If there was no good user frequency saved in EEPROM then the DS-3000 tunes to 1000 MHz. Example: Reset to 1000 MHz HDR Byte1 Byte Adjust Reference command The adjust reference command has a two-byte data field that supports any number from 0 to This value is used to trim the internal 10 MHz reference oscillator. Example: Adjust reference DAC value to mid-scale; 2048 HDR Byte2 Byte1 Byte DAC Output = 2048 Create a List Entry command The create list entry command has 12 bytes of data. The first two bytes are any number from 1 to The next 5 bytes represent the frequency (1 Hz resolution) similar to the Set Frequency Command. The next four bytes are the dwell time (LSB= 100 µs). The last byte indicates whether RF is On/Off; 1=On. An entry may be enabled or disabled from the active list simply by turning on or off the RF output for that entry. Example: set List#1 to 100MHz with the RF on, and a dwell time of 1 second HDR Byte12 Byte11 Byte10 Byte9 Byte8 Byte7 Byte6 Byte5 Byte4 Byte3 Byte2 Byte1 Byte0 0B F5 E List # 1 Frequency = 100 MHz Dwell Time = 1s RF on Revision H, 12/18 page 32 of

33 Recall List Entry command The recall list entry command has a two-byte data field that supports any number from 0 to Location 0 is the last manually entered user frequency. The frequency value stored at the specified entry location will be used to tune the DS RF output is always enabled when a single entry is Recalled even if the RF output setting that was saved at this location is Off. Note: in Run List mode, any entry with the RF set to Off is ignored. Example: Recall List #1 HDR Byte2 Byte1 Byte0 0C List #1 Run List Mode Command The Run List Mode command has an seven-byte data field. The first four bytes specify a 32-bit dwell time field (MSB first). The LSB resolution is equal to 100 µs (minimum Dwell time for the DS-3000 is 200 µs). If the dwell time setting in the Run List Command is set to zero, then the Individual dwell time stored with each list entry is used rather than a Global dwell time. The next two bytes specify Run Count, which is the number of passes through the list that the DS-3000 is tasked to do. If the Run Count is set to zero, then the List mode will run until a Stop List Mode command is received. The last byte in the Run List command is made up of two fields. The first field is Trigger Source and is a single bit wide and is the MSB of the byte. If this bit is set the frequency list will not advance until a rising edge on the hardware trigger line on the 14-pin Harwin connector is detected. If the bit is not set the specified dwell time will be used for list advancement. The second bit field (direction) consists of the remaining 7 bits of the last byte. This field can take on three values: 0=Up, 1=Down, 2=Up then Down. In all modes, the list starts at one end (either 1 or 5000) and proceeds through the list recalling all enabled entries. Example: Dwell Time = 100ms, run 100 times, HW triggered with a downward direction. HDR Byte7 Byte6 Byte5 Byte4 Byte3 Byte2 Byte1 Byte0 0D E Dwell Time = 100milliseconds Run Count = 100 Trig = HW Dir = DN Example: Dwell Time = continuous run, SW triggered with an upward direction. HDR Byte7 Byte6 Byte5 Byte4 Byte3 Byte2 Byte1 Byte0 0D Dwell Time = Continuous Run until Stop Trig = SW Dir = UP Revision H, 12/18 page 33 of

34 Stop List Mode Command This is a single command byte command and stops the list mode if it is running. Example: Stop the list running HDR Byte0 0E Erase the Entire List Command This is also a single byte command and sets all frequency information to zero. Example: Erase the current list. HDR Byte0 0F Start Sweep Mode Command The sweep command has 22 bytes of data. The first five data bytes are the start frequency, which like all frequency fields is 40 bits long with 1 Hz resolution. The second five bytes are the stop frequency, the third set of five bytes are the step size frequency. The next seven bytes are identical in function to the Run List command. Namely: four bytes of dwell time, 2 bytes of run count, and a single two field trigger source and direction byte. Unlike the list mode there is no pre-stored data in the DS-3000 which means that the minimum dwell time is (TBD). Example: 100 to 300 MHz, 10 MHz step size, 1s dwell, 100 times, SW trig, up/dn dir. HDR Byte22 Byte21 Byte20 Byte19 Byte18 Byte17 Byte16 Byte15 Byte14 Byte13 Byte F5 E E1 A3 00 Start Freq = 100 MHz Stop Freq = 300 MHz Byte11 Byte10 Byte9 Byte8 Byte7 Byte6 Byte5 Byte4 Byte3 Byte2 Byte Step Size = 10 MHz Dwell Time = 1s Run Count = 100 Byte0 Trig/Dir Stop Sweep Mode Command This is a single command byte command and stops the sweep mode if it is running. Example: Stopping the Sweep HDR Byte0 18 Revision H, 12/18 page 34 of

35 Standby/Resume Command The standby command has a single data field byte. If set to zero, the DS-3000 will go into a power down mode (reference circuits remain powered). If it is set to one the unit will go through a normal power up sequence. Example: Put DS-3000 into Standby HDR Byte1 Byte Enable/Disable 100 MHz output Command The DS-3000 provides two reference output ports. The 10 MHz port is always active while the 100 MHz port can be switched on and off. This command has a single data byte where 1=On and 0= Off. Example: Set 100 MHz output on. HDR Byte1 Byte0 1E 01 Save Reference Adjustment Value command This command works in conjunction with the Adjust Reference command. Once the output reference is trimmed to the desired frequency the adjustment value will be saved when this one byte command is received. Example: Save the Reference DAC value HDR Byte0 1F Revision H, 12/18 page 35 of

36 Query Commands Set Query Command SPI is a full duplex protocol. Therefore, in order to read any data in the DS-3000 two SPI transfers must be used. The first transfer specifies what data is desired and the second transfer clocks the response out. Example: request to read DS-3000 ID information HDR Byte 1 Byte The following table describes the response options. The detailed discussion and example of each command and response follows. Response Query Description Value Read DS-3000 ID information 0x07 13-byte response. Reads programmed ID information. Such as S/N, FW revision, and date code. Read Status Byte 0x08 1-byte response. Reads system status information Read Current Frequency 0x09 5-byte response. MSB first, LSB= 1Hz Read Temperature 0x0A 2-byte response. LSB= 1 deg C Read ID Information 13-byte response. First two bytes are ASCII letters, the second two bytes are a number, the next single byte is HEX encoded options, the next three bytes are the unit S/N, the next three bytes is the firmware revision (format=01:02:03), the last two bytes are a Born-On Date (format YYWW) Example: Send Query Command First: HDR Byte 1 Byte Send Clock Cycles to match response: Clock byte12 Clock byte11 Clock byte10 Clock byte9 Clock byte8 Clock byte7 Clock byte6 Clock byte5 Clock byte4 Clock byte3 Clock byte2 Clock byte1 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF Response Example: B B8 AB 00 1D CC AC DS-3000 AB :03: Clock byte0 Revision H, 12/18 page 36 of

37 Read Status Byte command 1-byte response: Bit_0=RF status, 1=On Bit_1=Ext/Int Ref, 1=Ext Bit_2=Ref Locked, 1=Unlocked Bit_3=Synthesizer Locked, 1=Unlocked Bit_4=Temp Alarm, 1=alarm tripped Bits 5 to 7 (not used) Example: Send Query Command First: HDR Byte 1 Byte Send Clock Cycles to match response: Clock Byte0 FF Response Example (by bit): Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 tbd tbd tbd Don t Don t Don t Temp Synth Ref Ref care care care alarm locked locked internal RF out on Read Current Frequency 5-Byte response to read the frequency that the DS-3000 is currently tuned to. Example: Send Query Command First: HDR Byte 1 Byte Send Clock Cycles to match response: Clock Byte4 Clock Byte3 Clock Byte2 Clock Byte1 Clock Byte0 FF FF FF FF FF Response Example: F E1 00 Frequency = 100 MHz Revision H, 12/18 page 37 of

38 Read Temperature 1-Byte response to read the internal temperature of the DS Example: Send Query Command First: HDR Byte 1 Byte0 63 0A Send Clock Cycles to match response: Clock Byte1 FF Clock Byte0 FF Response Example: Calculate Temp: 0x104 (response), convert to Decimal = 260. Subtract 155, and multiply by = ( ) x = 33.8 C Revision H, 12/18 page 38 of

39 3.2.1 SPI Timing The DS-3000 uses an 8-bit microcontroller both as an external interface and also for internal control. SPI commands that are sent to this MCU must be sent as 8 bit bytes. Each byte requires 8 SPI clocks. The maximum SPI clock rate is 8 MHz. Additionally, the maximum byte rate is approximately 30 µs/byte. The waveform below shows a 5-byte command (e.g. the frequency command) being sent at the highest clock rate and the smallest inter-byte gap time. The top trace is the Slave Select line and the bottom trace is the SPI clock. The clock rate is so fast that the clock bytes will appear as single bursts when captured on an oscilloscope. SPI clock at 8 MHz and ~30µs between bytes The slave select line must be delayed by the same 30µs amount after the last clock burst. An alternative timing approach is to slow the SPI clock down enough such that an 8-bit clock burst takes at least 30 µs to complete. An example of this is shown below: In this timing diagram the clock rate is set to 5µs which provides a 40 µs period for each byte. Note that the Slave Select line can go false immediately after the last clock. Revision H, 12/18 page 39 of

40 The SPI data (MOSI) is clocked into the DS-3000 on the rising edge of the clock as shown below: For reply data (MISO) the clock relationship is the same. Below is an example of the SPI clock line and the MISO data line in response to a Query command: DS-3000 USB Commands The DS3000 uses the Human Interface Device (HID) protocol for communications. Commands are sent to endpoint 2 and data is received from endpoint 1. Both endpoints use a packet length of 64, although no command or response uses the full packet capability. Commands have the following format: Packet[0] = 2 Packet[1] = remaining bytes in the packet (does not count endpoint or byte count) Packet[2] = command Packet[3-n] = command parameters Revision H, 12/18 page 40 of

41 The table below is a summary list of the available commands: NOTE: Example byte values are in hex unless otherwise stated. Command Cmd Total # Description Value of Bytes Set Frequency 0x01 6 Tunes DS3000 from 0.1 to 20GHz 1 Hz res. RF Output 0x02 2 RF output On/Off control Reset 0x03 2 Forces DS3000 to known state Adjust Reference 0x04 3 Provides Reference Oscillator Adjustment Get Current Output Frequency 0x09 2 Generates a 6 byte response, five bytes of frequency and the status byte Create List Entry 0x0B 12 Stores pre-computed Frequency data Recall List Entry 0x0C 3 Tunes DS3000 to recalled list # (0-5000) Run List Mode 0x0D 8 Steps the DS3000 through active List Entries Stop List Mode 0x0E 1 Stops the List Mode Erase Entire List 0x0F 1 Erases all list data Start Sweep Mode 0x10 23 Sweeps from F1 to F2 in Fstep increments Stop Sweep Mode 0x18 1 Stops the Sweep mode Standby/Resume 0x17 2 Puts DS3000 is a low power mode (no RF) Get List # MSB, LSB x1D 3 Generates a 13 byte reply, frequency in bytes 3-7, dwell in bytes 8-11, RF On/Off status in byte 12, entry # in bytes MHz output 0x1E 2 Enables/Disables the 100 MHz output Save Ref Value 0x1F 1 Saves the current Adjustment value Read Status Register 0x59 1 Reads the current value of the status byte Read Ref Adjustment value Enable/Disable The 100 MHz output Read the Device ID information 0x57 1 Reads two bytes that contain the current reference adjustment value 0x58 2 1= enable the 100 MHz output, 0=disable 0x5C 1 Returns a 13 byte reply. The first 4 bytes are model#, then a single option byte, three serial number bytes, 3 bytes for SW version, 2 bytes for Born On Date (YYWW) Read Analog data 0x5B 1 Returns a 37 byte reply. Se text below for details The read analog data command returns internal power supply voltages, VCO tuning voltages and the temperature sensor voltage. Power supply voltages are scaled so that the least significant bit is equal to an even millivolt. The following table lists the voltages measured, the location in the reply buffer and the scaling needed to convert to Volts. Revision H, 12/18 page 41 of

42 Voltage Measured Buffer Location (MSB, LSB) Scale Factor -3.3VDC 3,4 LSB=minus 1 mv -3.8VDC 5,6 LSB=minus 1 mv -5.0VDC 7,8 LSB=minus 2 mv +1.8VDC 9,10 LSB=plus 1 mv +2.5VDC 11,12 LSB=plus 1 mv +3.3VDC(reference section) 13,14 LSB=plus 1 mv +3.3VDC 15,16 LSB=plus 1 mv +3.8VDC 17,18 LSB=plus 1 mv +5.0VDC 19,20 LSB=plus 2 mv +5.5VDC 21,22 LSB=plus 2 mv Input voltage (nom 12 VDC) 23,24 LSB=plus 8 mv OpAmp High Voltage 25,26 LSB=plus 8 mv Coarse step VCO (varies 27,28 LSB=plus 8 mv with Freq) Main loop VCO (varies with 29,30 LSB=plus 8 mv Freq) +3.6VDC 31,32 LSB=plus 1 mv Spare 34,35 Temperature sensor 35,36 First subtract 155, then multiply by to get Degrees C USB Command Example The following is a function sub routine call from MS Visual Basic. This example shows the RF On/Off function: Private Sub RFOut(ByVal state) 'switch RF output On/Off; 1/0 BufferOut(0) = 2 'end point 2 BufferOut(1) = 2 'set to # of remaining bytes in packet BufferOut(2) = 2 'command 2 sets RF on/off BufferOut(3) = state hidwriteex(vendorid, ProductID, BufferOut(0)) 'BufferOut 0 is endpoint address End Sub Syntonic vendor ID (VID) is 4292 and our Product ID (PID) is Different implementations of the HID driver may be slightly different, but the VID and PID are always needed in the USB packet. The Endpoint is also required in the USB packet for a general-purpose USB driver. Revision H, 12/18 page 42 of

43 4.0 In-Depth Information 4.1 Optimizing the Frequency Accuracy The DS-3000 synthesizer is only as accurate as the frequency reference that is used. This internal or external reference frequency is 10 MHz. The internal reference accuracy, with either DS-3001 or DS-3002, can be adjusted using the GUI or with SPI commands. Using the GUI, go to the Setup/Standby tab in the upper right-hand corner and adjust the Internal Ref value. Observe the RF Output frequency using either a spectrum analyzer or a frequency counter. When you are satisfied with the RF Output frequency accuracy, click the Save Ref Value button. The number is representative of the DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) value which changes the voltage applied to the control voltage on the internal VCXO. 4.2 The External 10 MHz Frequency Reference Input An input port is provided which enables the user to connect an external 10 MHz reference. The DS-3000 requires an external reference frequency to be within the capture range of the internal reference in order to lock to it, The external reference should have a sine waveform, The exact amount is determined by the internal reference option chosen please refer to the specifications in Section 1 above, It is also important that the power level of the incoming external reference be between -6 dbm and +6dB Revision H, 12/18 page 43 of

44 4.3 Auto-Sensing of External Reference If the DS-3000 determines that an external reference is present, then the synthesizer will automatically switch over and recognize that reference source as the source in use. If the DS-3000 does not detect an external reference then it will use the internal reference. If the user believes that an external reference is present but the DS-3000 reports that it is locked to the internal reference, then care should be taken to determine if the external reference meets the criteria defined in 4.2 above. 4.4 The External 10 MHz Frequency Reference Output An output port is provided, enabling the user to connect to the 10 MHz reference in use by the DS This output will be synchronous to the frequency of the DS This port is useful in daisy-chaining a reference across a range of devices. The output with be the reference in use as determined by the auto-select feature of the DS Using the 100 MHz Reference A 100 MHz reference output is also provided for the user s purposes. For instance, it is commonly used in systems as a reference for other devices (like LO sources) requiring 100 MHz as a reference rather than the 10 MHz provided. The 100 MHz can be Enabled or Disabled, either by command or via the GUI. The following screenshot displays what can be seen in the GUI, under the Setup/Status tab. Click on the Enable 100 MHz located on the Setup/Status tab of the GUI to enable or disable the 100 MHz output. Revision H, 12/18 page 44 of

45 4.6 Ensuring proper heatsinking During operation, the DS-3000 Synthesizer draws roughly 900mA, sometimes more. So it is important that the device is properly coupled to a heatsink and kept cool. If there is no heatsinking, the internal temperature can reach up to 50C in open air within about ½ hour, and up to 65C in open air within one hour. These temperatures can climb even higher if the DS-3000 is surrounded by other heat-producing devices or heat-insulating material. WARNING: If no heatsinking is used (not recommended) your DS-3000 unit can reach temperatures that could burn you, if touched. Use a heatsink to prevent the synthesizer s internal temperature from exceeding +75 C. The following is recommended for heatsinking: 1. Use the mounting holes (see section 1.5 for dimensions) to mount the DS-3000 to a metal plate. 2. Use the mounting holes to mount a multi-fin heatsink to the DS-3000, coupling the surfaces together with either thermal grease or a thermal pad material. (see section for assembly instructions) 3. Ensure that a there is plenty of airflow (i.e., 1 cfm) around the DS-3000 in your system. This is accomplished typically with small brushless cooling fans Optional Heat Sink Kit (Option -HS) The optional heat sink assembly (Syntonic part number ) is a combination of heat sink fins and mounting plate with the DS-3000 sandwiched between. The fins/plate can be mounted to either side of the DS-3000 for optimal orientation of cable assembly connections Heat Sink Assembly Instructions There are four parts included in the heat sink assembly kit: Description Syntonic Part Number Heat Sink Fins Mounting Plate Thermal Pad Material x 1 SS Flathead Screws Revision H, 12/18 page 45 of

46 End View dimensions in inches Thermal pad will add ~.010 to overall height Bottom View - mounting plate dimensions Revision H, 12/18 page 46 of

47 Assembly Steps 1. Place the heat sink fins, mounted side up, on a level surface. 2. Peel the plastic off the thermal pad material and carefully place on top of the heat sink fins, centering evenly across the heat sink surface. 3. Place the DS-3000 over the thermal pad material, being mindful of the desired final orientation of the unit. 4. Place the mounting plate on top of the DS-3000 and screw it down through the mounting holes in the DS-3000 to the heat sink fins, using the four 4-40 x 1 SS flathead screws provided in the kit. Tighten them snuggly Optional Shock Mount Kit (Option -SK) The optional shock mount assembly (Syntonic part number ) is a combination of rubber grommets with special mounting plate for the DS The purpose of this kit is for those applications that require more immunity to microphonic noise showing in the spectrum (as close-in phase noise). The DS-3000 is already designed to withstand microphonic noise. This kit makes them even more robust. Two mounting plates are used in the kit. The first mounts to the DS-3000 and is the plate with gull-wings and specially sized holes for the insertion of the grommets. This is the shock mounting plate. The second plate is used to fasten the DS-3000 with shock mounting plate to a final mounting plate using the grommet screws supplied in the kit. Lastly, between the shock mounting plate and the final mounting plate is a thick piece of thermal pad material. This is compressed between the two plates and used to transfer the heat generated by the DS-3000 to the final mounting plate and then to the chassis that it is fastened to. Revision H, 12/18 page 47 of

48 4.6.4 Shock Mount Kit Assembly Details Parts included in the shock mount assembly kit: Item Description Syntonic Part Number 1 Shock Mounting Plate Final Mounting Plate Thermal Pad Material 4 X Shock Grommet Hardware (4 plcs) x 1 SS Flathead Screws Washer, Split Lock,SS,# Nut,Hex,4-40 x 3/16,SS Shock Mount Kit Isometric View NOTE: If the final mounting plate is a different plate or chassis, drill the 6-32 holes for the shock grommet hardware using the dimensions detailed below. Revision H, 12/18 page 48 of

49 Shock Mount Assembly - mounting plate dimensions Revision H, 12/18 page 49 of

50 5.0 Phase Noise Plots 5.1 Typical Phase Noise Plots Revision H, 12/18 page 50 of

51 Revision H, 12/18 page 51 of

52 Revision H, 12/18 page 52 of

53 Revision H, 12/18 page 53 of

54 6.0 Maintenance 6.1 Maintenance & Calibration Interval There are no hardware adjustments within Syntonic DS-3000 Frequency Synthesizers. We recommend that the DS-3000 Frequency Synthesizer is self-calibrated every 24 months or whenever a problem is suspected (see 4.1 above). The specific calibration interval depends upon the accuracy required. No periodic preventive maintenance is required. 6.2 Synthesizer Labeling DS-3000 Frequency Synthesizers are identified by a model number and a serial number that appear on a label affixed to the synthesizer. The model number and serial number must be included in correspondence regarding your DS-3000 Frequency Synthesizer, especially if return is planned. 6.3 Factory Servicing When returning a DS-3000 Frequency Synthesizer for service or repair, please initiate the return process by requesting an RMA Number from Syntonic Microwave: (service@syntonicmicrowave.com). Then, please include the following information with the shipment: Owner Name and address, as well as contact information if further information is needed. Model & Serial Number. Describe the nature of the problem. Please provide enough information so that your particular failure mode can be verified in the factory: 1. How did the problem occur? 2. Did your unit work out of the box, then fail? 3. Please describe the way the unit was connected and what other equipment was used with the synthesizer when the problem occurred? The shipping address where to return your DS-3000 after repairs are completed. Include any special shipping instructions. Revision H, 12/18 page 54 of