INC. MICROWAVE. A Spectrum Control Business

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2 DRO Selection Guide DIELECTRIC RESONATOR OSCILLATORS Model Number Frequency Free Running, Mechanically Tuned Mechanical Tuning BW (MHz) +10 MDR Free Running, Mechanically Tuned, Moisture Sealed MDR AFC Voltage Tunable MDR AFC Voltage Tunable - For Fiber Optic Clock Recovery Applications MDR Phase Locked, Internal Reference +25 Output Power (dbm) MDR Phase Locked, Internal Reference - For LMDS Applications 2.5 GHz Phase 100kHz offset 6 GHz GHz GHz Operating Temp ( o C) -20 to to to to to +65 MDR to +85 Phase Locked, External Reference MDR to +65 DROs 2144 Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

3 DRO Introduction The following pages contain the specifications for Spectrum Microwave stabilized signal sources. Shown are basic free-running oscillators, oscillators with electronic tuning that can be modulated or phase-locked by the user, and phase-locked oscillators using both internal and external reference sources. The Spectrum Microwave line of stabilized oscillators is designed for use in systems requiring high frequency stability with low phase noise, low microphonics, small size, and low power drain. Typical applications include microwave radio links, satellite terminals, radar beacons, transponders, ECM receivers, BITE oscillators, and frequency synthesizers. The following paragraphs discuss the general characteristics of these oscillators. We urge you to call us to discuss your needs or us at so that we may work together to provide the best oscillator solution. Design Approach Spectrum Microwave stabilized oscillators use a bipolar transistor or GaAs FET in conjunction with a resonator made from a low loss ceramic. In an oscillator design, the transistor and resonator can generate stable, fixed-frequency signals from 2.5 to 26 GHz. The oscillators are available in various configurations. Free-running DROs are mechanically tunable. Voltage tunable DROs are available for modulation, AFC, or phase-locking applications. The units are also available phase-locked to either an internal crystal or external reference. Phase-locked units exhibit excellent phase noise performance and temperature stability. Mechanical Tunability Free-running DROs can be mechanically tuned over as much as a 5 percent bandwidth before competing modes become a problem. For communication uses, frequency stability requirements typically limit the tuning range to 0.2 to 0.3 percent. Power Output Typical power outputs are 20 to l00 mw in the 2.5 MHz to 6 GHz range, decreasing to mw in the 15 to 26 GHz range. Higher output powers can be achieved either by using higher power transistors in the oscillator or by following the oscillator with an internal amplifier. Power variation over a 0 to +50 C range at a fixed frequency is typically ± 1 db without an oven and ± a few tenths of a db in an ovenized oscillator. Frequency Stability with Temperature Variation Free running oscillators exhibit temperature coefficients on the order of 5 ppm/ C for wide mechanical tuning ranges and 3 ppm/ C for narrow mechanical tuning ranges of a few tenths of a percent. Ovenized free running oscillators can be built with ± 10 ppm stability or better over -20ºC to +65 C ambient temperature range. Phase locked units have stabilities related to the crystal reference and are typically ±10 to ± 20 ppm for standard crystals. Ovenized crystals can reduce stability variation to less than ±5 ppm Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

4 DRO Introduction FM Noise Typical single sideband phase noise measured at 10 khz from the carrier is shown in Figure 1 for free running GaAs FET DROs. These results are comparable to or better than conventional cavity oscillator-multiplier results. Figure 2 shows SSB phase noise for 6 GHz DROs. Phase locked oscillators will of course exhibit the 20log(N)+3dB phase noise of the reference oscillator within the loop bandwidth. See Application Note D-104 for more detailed discussion of phase-locked oscillators. SSB Phase Noise dbc/hz Operating Frequency (GHz) Figure 1. Phase noise measured at 10 khz from the carrier for a group of GaAs DROs at different frequencies. The curve is an empirical fit to the data. DROs Figure 2. Typical single sideband phase noise for 6 GHz DROs. Curves continue to the left at 20 db per decade. AFC and Modulation DROs can be built with tuning varactors in the oscillator circuit to provide voltage tuning capability for AFC purposes, for phase-locking ability, or for use as a modulatable transmitter. Bias DROs can be designed to operate from either a single positive or negative DC voltage. They can also be designed to operate from a combination of positive and negative voltages with a total supply range of 10 to 24 volts Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

5 DRO Introduction Pushing The pushing factor of a stabilized oscillator quantifies its susceptibility to variations in supply voltage. Frequency pushing refers to the change in output frequency due to a variation in supply voltage. Spectrum Microwave specifies frequency pushing in ppm/volt due to a small change in supply voltage. Pushing can also be stated as the change caused by a specific variation in supply voltage. Voltage regulators are usually integrated into the oscillator to minimize pushing. The pushing factor cannot necessarily be used to calculate the susceptibility of the oscillator to power supply ripple. The susceptibility to ripple will depend on the frequency of the ripple, and the amount of filtering and regulation within the oscillator. Pulling The pulling factor of a stabilized oscillator quantifies its susceptibility to output load variations. Frequency pulling (or power pulling) specifies the change in output frequency (or power) caused by operating the unit into all phases of a specified mismatch. Spectrum Microwave specifies frequency pulling in ppm into all phases of a 12 db return loss (1.67:1 VSWR). Many Spectrum Microwave stabilized oscillators contain integral buffer amplifier stages or isolators which increase output isolation and reduce pulling characteristics. Microphonics The basic oscillator circuit is extremely rugged and non-microphonic. Most frequency deviation is -10 associated with variations in the cable and connectors. Vibration sensitivity of f/fc = 4x10 /g has been measured at 2000 Hz vibration frequency in a narrow tuning range oscillator. This is not a typical number, but demonstrates what is achievable. High Reliability Options: The design and construction techniques employed in Spectrum Microwave mixers provide excellent performance over a wide operating temperature range. In addition to commercial applications, the products are suitable for applications in military electronics systems. Contact Spectrum Microwave for price and availability. Commercial Products: Unless otherwise specified by the customer, Spectrum Microwave commercial DROs are tested 100% at room, hot, and cold temperatures for key performance parameters. Additional parameters are tested at room temperature only. Units are individually serialized. Charges for specialized testing can be requested and a special model number code will be assigned if required. Military Grade: Unless otherwise specified by the customer specifications or purchase order, commercial products will be supplied for military application with special attention given to temperature range and other environmental requirements. Customer specification control drawing requirements can be quoted and usually result in the assignment of a special model number. This insures that unique manufacturing documentation will be created for the specified product and that changes will not be made without customer approval. Spectrum Microwave "A" Screening: Adding an "A" to a Spectrum Microwave model number will designate customer specified screening which will be added to the manufacturing procedures for the DRO specified Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

6 Free Running, Mechanically Tuned Model MDR to 21.0 GHz Specifications (1) : Frequency Range: (2) GHz GHz Mechanical Tuning Bandwidth (min.) ±10 MHz ±20 MHz Stability (max.) (3) 5 ppm/ C 5 ppm/ C Pulling, 12 db RL (max.) ±100 ppm ±100 ppm Pushing (max.) 20 ppm/volt 20 ppm/volt Harmonics (max.) -15 dbc -15 dbc Spurious (max.) -70 dbc -70 dbc Output Power (min.) (4) +10 dbm +10 dbm Frequency (GHz) Outline 2.5 to 6.0 DD2A 4.0 to 10.0 DD1 6.0 to 14.0 DD 10.0 to 14.0 DD to 21.0 DD6 Phase Noise (typ.) 2.5 GHz 6 GHz 12 GHz 20 GHz 10 khz Offset, dbc/hz khz Offset, dbc/hz MHz Offset, dbc/hz Input DC (5) Operating Temperature RF Connector DC Connector +12 VDC 125 ma max. -20 to +65 C SMA Female Solder Pin Notes: 1. Specifications labeled min. or max. are guaranteed in a 50 Ohm system over the specified temperature range. 2. Output frequency must be specified. 3. Averaged over the full temperature range. 4. Higher output power is available. 5. Alternate input voltage available. 6. Package must be verified by Spectrum Microwave. PRODUCT LABEL AREA THIS SURFACE "S" "C" MAX "J" DIA. THRU 4 PLACES "F" "E" "P" MAX "N" MAX "M" DROs "G" GND "A" "D" "H" "L" VDC FREQ ADJUST COARSE FINE Note 1 "B" "R" RF OUTPUT SMA-FEMALE "K" DIM. "A" 1.65 OUTLINE "DD" "DD1" 1.75 "DD2A" 1.75 "DD4" 1.65 "DD6" 1.65 "B" "C" "D" "E" DIMENSIONS: INCHES "F" "G" "H" "J" "K" "L" "M" "N" "P" "R" "S" 1. Outline DD4 uses a separate adjustment screw for coarse and fine tune vs. the concentric adjustment shown. OUTLINE "DD" "A" "B" "C" DIM "D" "E" DIMENSIONS: MM "J" "K" "L" "F" "G" "H" "N" "DD1" "DD2A" "DD4" "DD6" "M" "P" "R" "S" All dimensions are in inches and [mm] Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

7 Free Running, Mechanically Tuned, Moisture Sealed Model MDR to 16.0 GHz Specifications (1) : Frequency Range: (2) Mechanical Tuning Bandwidth (min.) Stability (max.) (3) Pulling, 12 db RL (max.) Pushing (max.) Harmonics (max.) Spurious (max.) Output Power (min.) (4) GHz ±1500 ppm 5 ppm/ C ±50 ppm 1 ppm/volt -20 dbc -70 dbc +10 dbm Frequency (GHz) Outline 4.5 to 7.5 OD to 11.0 OD to 16.0 OD-13 Phase Noise (typ.) 7 GHz 10 GHz 12 GHz 16 GHz 10 khz Offset, dbc/hz khz Offset, dbc/hz MHz Offset, dbc/hz Input DC (5) +10 to ma max. Operating Temperature -40 to +85 C RF Connector SMA Female DC Connector Solder Pin Notes: 1. Specifications labeled min. or max. are guaranteed in a 50 Ohm system over the specified temperature range. 2. Output frequency must be specified. 3. Averaged over the full temperature range. 4. Higher output power is available. 5. Input voltage is internally regulated. 6. Package must be verified by Spectrum Microwave. OD-13 OD-23 OD-33 All dimensions are in inches and [mm] Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

8 AFC Voltage Tunable Model MDR to 21.0 GHz Specifications (1) : Frequency Range: (2) GHz GHz Mechanical Tuning Bandwidth (min.) ±10 MHz ±20 MHz Stability (max.) (3) 5 ppm/ C 5 ppm/ C Pulling, 12 db RL (max.) ±100 ppm ±100 ppm Pushing (max.) 20 ppm/volt 20 ppm/volt Harmonics (max.) -15 dbc -15 dbc Spurious (max.) -70 dbc -70 dbc Output Power (min.) (4) +10 dbm +10 dbm Frequency (GHz) Outline 2.5 to 5.0 DA3A 4.0 to 10.0 DA2A 10.0 to 14.0 DB1A 14.0 to 21.0 DA6A Phase Noise (typ.) 3 GHz 6 GHz 12 GHz 20 GHz 10 khz Offset, dbc/hz khz Offset, dbc/hz MHz Offset, dbc/hz AFC Tuning BW (min) GHz: 800 ppm GHz: 600 ppm AFC Tuning Voltage (5) +2 to +10 VDC AFC Tuning Impedance Parallel R-C 10K min./300 pf max Input DC (6) +12 VDC 125 ma max. Operating Temperature -20 to +65 C RF Connector SMA Female DC Connector Solder Pin Notes: 1. Specifications labeled min. or max. are guaranteed in a 50 Ohm system over the specified temperature range. 2. Output frequency must be specified. 3. Averaged over the full temperature range. 4. Higher output power is available. 5. Other tuning voltages are available. 6. Other input voltages are available. 7. Package must be verified by Spectrum Microwave. "U" PRODUCT LABEL AREA THIS SURFACE AFC INPUT "C" SMA-FEMALE "S" MAX "J" DIA THRU 4 PLACES "F" "E" "G" "P" MAX "N" MAX "M" DROs GND "A" "D" "H" "L" VDC OUTLINE DIM "DA2A" "DA3A" "DB1A" "DA6A" DIM OUTLINE "DA2A" "DA3A" "DB1A" "DA6A" "A" "A" "B" "B" "I" "C" "C" "D" "D" FREQ ADJUST COARSE FINE NOTE 1 DIMENSIONS: INCHES "E" "F" "G" "H" DIMENSIONS: METRIC "E" "F" "G" "H" "J" "J" "K" "K" "B" "L" "L" "R" RF OUTPUT SMA-FEMALE "K" 1. Outline DD4 uses a seperate adjustment screw for coarse and fine tune vs. the concentric adjustment shown. "M" "M" "N" "N" "P" "P" "R" All dimensions are in inches and [mm]. "R" "S" "S" "T" "T" "U" "U" Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

9 AFC Voltage Tunable Model MDR & GHz Specifications (1) : Frequency Available: Mechanical Tuning Bandwidth (min.) Stability (max.) (2) Pulling, 12 db RL (typ.) Pushing (typ.) Harmonics (max.) Other Spurious (max.) Output Power (25 C) MDR : MHz MDR : MHz ±25 MHz 3 ppm/ C ±100 khz 5 khz/volt -20 dbc -80 dbc +11 dbm ±1 db Phase Noise (typ.) 100 khz Offset, (typ.) -110 dbc/hz Tuning Voltage +1.5 to +11 VDC Electronic Tuning Fo ±7.5 MHz min. Power Supply Voltage to VDC Power Supply Current 125 ma max Operating Temperature -10 to +80 C RF Connector SMA Female DC Connector Solder Pin Notes: 1. Specifications labeled min. or max. are guaranteed in a 50 Ohm system over the specified temperature range. 2. Averaged over the full operating temperature range Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

10 Phase Locked Internal Reference Model MDR to 21.0 GHz Specifications (1) : Frequency Range: (2) GHz GHz Mechanical Tuning Bandwidth (min.) (3) ±10 MHz ±20 MHz Stability (max.) (4) ±10 ppm ±10 ppm Pushing (max.) 0.1 ppm/volt 0.1 ppm/volt Harmonics (max.) -20 dbc -20 dbc Spurious (max.) -80 dbc -80 dbc Output Power (min.) (5) +13 dbm +13 dbm Frequency (GHz) Outline 3.0 to 8.0 DL1 6.0 to 14.0 DL 14.0 to 21.0 DLA Phase Noise (typ.) 3 GHz 6 GHz 12 GHz 20 GHz 1 khz Offset, dbc/hz khz Offset, dbc/hz khz Offset, dbc/hz MHz Offset, dbc/hz Internal Crystal Reference Frequency (nominal) 100 MHz adjustable ±5 ppm min. Monitor Output (min.) -20 dbm Phase Voltage Set to (nom.) +5.0 VDC Lock Range (min.) +2 to +9 VDC Phase-Lock Alarm Transistor Collector (NPN) Locked Open Vc = 30 VDC max. Unlocked Saturated to Ground Vce = +0.5 VDC max. Ic = 50 ma max. Input DC (6) +12 VDC 275 ma max. Operating Temperature -20 to 65 C RF Connector SMA Female DC Connector Solder Pin Notes: 1. Specifications labeled min. or max. are guaranteed in a 50 Ohm system over the specified temperature range. 2. Output frequency must be specified and it is an integer multiple of the internal crystal reference frequency. 3. Mechanical tuning of DRO in unlocked mode. 4. Maximum over the full temperature range. 5. Higher output power is available. 6. Other input voltages available. 7. Package must be verified by Spectrum Microwave. DROs All dimensions are in inches and [mm] Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

11 Phase Locked Internal Reference Model MDR to 13.0 GHz Specifications (1) : Frequency Available: (2) Stability (max.) Harmonics (max.) Spurious (max.) Output Power (min.) GHz Coverage ±2 ppm max. -40 dbc -85 dbc +17 dbm ±2dB Phase Noise (typ.) 100 Hz Offset -70 dbc/hz max. 1 khz Offset -95 dbc/hz max 10 khz Offset -105 dbc/hz max 100 khz Offset -110 dbc/hz max 1 MHz Offset -130 dbc/hz max Notes: 1. Specifications labeled min. or max. are guaranteed in a 50 Ohm system over the specified temperature range. 2. Exact output frequency must be specified. Internal Crystal Reference Frequency Phase Voltage Set to (nom.) Lock Range (min.) Phase-Lock Alarm Locked Unlocked Input DC Operating Temperature RF Connector DC Connector 100 MHz nominal +5.0 VDC +2 to +9 VDC TTL Compatible TTL High TTL Low +12 ±1 725 ma max. quiescent 1 A max. at cold start -40 to +85 C SMA Male Solder Pin Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

12 Phase Locked External Reference Model MDR to 21.0 GHz Specifications (1) : Frequency Range: (2) GHz GHz Mechanical Tuning Bandwidth (min.) (3) ±10 MHz ±20 MHz Stability (max.) Note 4 Note 4 Harmonics (max.) -20 dbc -20 dbc Spurious (max.) -80 dbc -80 dbc Output Power (min.) (5) +13 dbm +13 dbm Frequency (GHz) Outline 3.0 to 8.0 DL1 6.0 to 14.0 DL 14.0 to 21.0 DLA Phase Noise (typ.) 3 GHz 6 GHz 12 GHz 20 GHz 1 khz Offset, dbc/hz khz Offset, dbc/hz khz Offset, dbc/hz MHz Offset, dbc/hz External Reference Input Phase Voltage Set to (nom.) Lock Range (min.) Phase-Lock Alarm Locked Unlocked (7) Input DC (8) Operating Temperature RF Connector DC Connector 100 MHz 0 dbm ±3 db +5.0 VDC +2 to +9 VDC Transistor Collector (NPN) Open Vc = 30 VDC max. Saturated to Ground Vce = +0.5 VDC max. Ic = 50 ma max. +12 VDC 275 ma max. -20 to +65 C SMA Female Solder Pin Notes: 1. Specifications labeled min. or max. are guaranteed in a 50 Ohm system over the specified temperature range. 2. Output frequency must be specified and it is an integer multiple of the external reference input frequency. 3. Mechanical tuning of DRO in unlocked mode. 4. Frequency stability is determined by the external reference. 5. Higher output power is available. 6. Phase noise at offsets <100 khz is dependent on external reference and can be approximated as follows: - Phase Noise (db) = 20 log (N) +3dB above the external reference phase noise. - Where N = multiple of reference. 7. Actual or impending loss of lock. 8. Other input voltages available. 9. Package must be verified by Spectrum Microwave. "L" "J" "H" "K" "F" "D" "B" "C" MAX [10.8] PRODUCT LABEL AREA VDC ALARM GND OV DROs "G" "M" "A" "E" FREQ ADJ "P" "N" EXTERNAL REFERENCE INPUT RF OUTPUT "U" 4 PLACES "T" MAX. "S" DIA THRU 3 PLACES [9.7] 2 PL SMA FEMALE 2 PLACES "R" DIMENSIONS: INCHES "A" "B" "C" "D" "E" "F" "G" "H" "J" "K" "L" "M" "N" "P" "R" "S" "T" DIM. OUTLINE "DI" "DIA" "DI1" "U" 2-56 UNC-2B X.23 DEEP 2-56 UNC-2B X.23 DEEP 4-40 UNC-2B X.30 DEEP DIMENSIONS: MM "A" "B" "C" "D" "E" "F" "G" "H" "J" "K" "L" "M" "N" "P" "R" "S" "T" "U" DIM. "DI" UNC-2B X 5.8 DEEP "DIA" UNC-2B X 5.8 DEEP "DI1" UNC-2B X 7.6 DEEP OUTLINE All dimensions are in inches and [mm] Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

13 DRO Application Notes DRO Application Note D-104 Phase-Locked DRO Characteristics The Spectrum Microwave line of Phase-locked s consists of the following series: MDR 5100 Series - Phase-locked DRO, Internal Crystal Reference. MDR 6100 Series - Phase-locked DRO, External Crystal Reference. These low-cost microwave oscillators exhibit excellent frequency stability and phase noise characteristics. The most common application for these microwave sources is as local oscillators in microwave radios. Other applications include frequency synthesizers, satellite converters, BITE oscillators, and frequency multipliers. The following paragraphs review the general characteristics of these oscillators. For detailed specifications or specific requirements, please contact Spectrum Microwave. General Spectrum Microwave s line of phase-locked DROs cover GHz with output power of +13 dbm at 26 GHz. They consist of an electronically tuned DRO, phase-locked to a reference crystal oscillator via a sampling phase detector and loop amplifier/filter. This technique maintains the excellent frequency stability of the crystal oscillator and low phase noise characteristics of the crystal oscillator/dro combination. The MDR 5100 Series contains an internal crystal oscillator reference, whereas, the MDR 6100 Series requires an external reference. The output frequency is an exact integral multiple of the reference frequency. Figure 1 Description Figure 1 shows a simplified block diagram of a phase-locked DRO. The sampling phase detector creates an error signal corresponding to any attempted phase difference between the DRO and the n th harmonic of the reference. This error signal is fed through the loop amplifier/filter to the DRO voltage tuning port, where it corrects for the attempted phase error. This feedback process allows the DRO to maintain the phase (and frequency) stability of the reference to the limits of the phase lock loop gain/bandwidth Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

14 DRO Application Notes The correction voltage applied to the DRO tuning port is referred to as the Phase Voltage (OV) and is generally accessible for monitoring. Under ambient conditions, the DC level of the phase voltage is set to a specified voltage, nominally the center of the DRO tuning voltage range (Lock Range). As the DRO frequency attempts to drift due to temperature or aging, the phase voltage DC level will change as the phase lock loop corrects for the attempted drift. The phase voltage DC level will also change (and is initially set) by mechanically tuning the DRO Frequency Adjust. It should be noted that as the DRO is mechanically tuned over its specified mechanical tuning range, it will phase lock to each harmonic of the reference as they appear within the lock range. The phase lock loop circuitry contains a search function to help in achieving phase lock when DC power is first applied to the unit. The search function will voltage tune the DRO over the full lock range until phase-lock is achieved. If the DRO is mechanically tuned off frequency, or the reference input is removed, the DRO will continue to sweep (search) over the full voltage tuning range. The Lock Range of a phase-locked DRO is typically 10 VDC, corresponding to a nominal frequency change of 1000 ppm. Crystal Oscillator Reference The MDR 5100 Series uses an internal crystal oscillator reference. The crystal used is a 5th overtone, AT-cut crystal at 100 MHz nominal frequency. Standard frequency stability is ±10 ppm over the -20 to +65 C operating temperature range. Higher stabilities of ±5 ppm are consistently achieved over -10 to +65 C using temperature compensation on the crystal oscillator. Further improvement is possible by ovenizing the crystal. A screwdriver adjustment (Xtal tune) is available for resetting the frequency to correct for crystal aging. Phase Lock Alarm The phase lock alarm is a lock limit alarm which indicates when the phase lock loop has lost, or is about to lose phase lock. The phase-locked DROs typically provide an open transistor collector to the alarm output. Loss of lock (or impending loss of lock) is indicated by the transistor collector being saturated to ground. This alarm circuit, when used with an appropriate pull-up resistor, is compatible with TTL and CMOS, or can be used directly with an LED or other types of panel indicators. DROs 2144 Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)

15 DRO Application Notes Phase Noise The phase noise of a phase-locked DRO is determined by a combination of the reference phase noise, the DRO phase noise, and the phase lock loop bandwidth. Within the loop bandwidth, the phase noise will generally track the multiplied reference phase noise, i.e. reference oscillator phase noise equals +20log(N)+3dB where N = (output freq/reference freq.). Outside the loop bandwidth, the phase noise will generally be that of the DRO. The phase noise near the region of the loop bandwidth will be affected by the loop gain/bandwidth. The phase lock loop bandwidth (typically 100 khz) is generally set to optimize the overall phase noise as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Phase Noise (10 GHz) Environment Spectrum Microwave phase-locked DROs are generally built to meet the stringent microphonic and phase stability requirements of a microwave digital radio. Operating temperature range is normally - 20 to +65 C. Designs have been built to meet military requirements (MIL-E-5400) and operating temperature range of (-54 to +84 C) Franklin Drive N.E. Palm Bay, Florida Phone: (888) Fax: (888) CONTROL GmbH Hansastrasse Schwabach, Germany Phone: (49) Fax: (49)