DESIGN AND SIMLATION OF A DUAL-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR MICROWAVE RFID APPLICATIONS

Transcription

1 DESIGN AND SIMLATION OF A DUAL-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR MICROWAVE RFID APPLICATIONS YOUNES EL HACHIMI 1, YASSINE GMIH 2, EL MOSTAFA MAKROUM 3 AND ABDELMAJID FARCHI 4 1,2,3,4 Laboratory of Engineering, Industrial Management and Innovation (LEIMI), FSTS, University Hassan 1st, Settat, Morocco. Abstract In this paper, we present a dual-band rectangular microstrip patch antenna for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader applications. The proposed antenna is excited by a single microstrip line having a feeding adapted to 50 ohm and printed on substrate Rogers RT/duroid His overall size is (60*50*1.6) mm3. The integration of slots in the structure of the antenna caused a dual-band frequency and has a direct impact on improving the radiation characteristics in terms of reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ration and gain. This antenna is designed to operat in free microwave ISM bands (2.45/5.8 ). This design gives as, at 2.45 and 5.8, a return loss reached at db and db, a high gain of the order of 3.37 db and 7.55 bb and standing wave ratio (VSWR) equal to and respectively. The antenna simulation is analysed by using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) based on finite element method. Keywords Patch antenna, Microstrip line, RFID reader applications, dual-band, slots, HFSS. I. INTRODUCTION Wireless technology advancements have given birth to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems, which have generated significant interest and hype among scientists, researchers and industry. RFID technology enables identification, location and information exchange of distant objects via radio waves [1]. It has been commercialized in areas of logistics, manufacturing, transportation, health care, and mobile communications [2]. Basically, RFID system is a tag or transponder and a transceiver or reader. The tag consists of an antenna combined with an application specific integrated circuit chip. In order to activate and detect a tag, a base station (reader) transmits a modulated signal with periods of unmodulated carrier. The block diagram of RFID system is shown in figure 1. Figure 1. Block Diagram of RFID System. Several frequency bands have been standardized for RFID applications. These bands include Low frequency khz (ISO ), High frequency MHz (ISO ), Ultra-high frequency MHz (ISO ) and Microwave 2.45 (ISO ) and 5.8 [3]. DOI: /IJMTER VU754 25

2 The microstrip patch antenna is one of the most exciting and fascinating development in antenna and electromagnetic history [2]. A lot of researches on microstrip antennas have been published in [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. The main advantage of patch antenna is its size, which is relatively small compared to other radiators. The minimal thickness of the material or profile allows microstrip patch antenna to be easily integrated into the skins of various objects [12]. Integrating microstrip patch antenna with RFID technology achieves significant performance and cost advantage due to its light weight, low fabrication cost, and the ability to fabricate feed lines and matching networks simultaneously with the antenna structure. One of the major disadvantages of patch antenna is its narrow bandwidth, however, RFID applications do not need much bandwidth, and it turns out to be an advantage, because the antenna rejects the signals that are out of the band and accordingly the quality factor increases [13]. Research efforts have been devoted to the dual-band antenna designs since it is always advantageous for the reader antenna to cover as much frequency as possible. Several approaches have been adopted to implement dual-band antennas [14], [15], [16]. In this work, we propose a new design of dual-band rectangular microstrip patch antenna which operates at 2.45 and 5.8. The simulation results will be represented in the rest of this paper. Furthermore, a comparison of this work with an existing one of the literature will be made. II. ANTENNA DESIGN The proposed antenna was designed on a substrate Rogers RT/duroid with relative permittivity 2.2, tangent loss , dimensions of mm 3 and copper foil thickness of 35 µm. The configuration of the proposed antenna is shown in figure 2. The initial geometry of the proposed antenna was first designed implementing the equations from the transmission line model (TLM) ( ) [17]. (1) (3) (2) (4) Where W is the width of the patch, L is the length of the patch, is the dielectric constant of the substrate, is the effective dielectric constant, is the target frequency and h is the thickness of the substrate. The length and width of the substrate is calculated by equation (6-7) by using [18]. (5) (6) Figure 2. Geometry of the proposed antenna, (a) front view and (b) back All rights Reserved 26

3 The optimum antenna parameters are in Table 1. Table I. Parameter details of the optimum antenna (Unit: mm) Parameters Calculated Length Calculated Width III. RESULT Optimized Length Optimized Width Patch substrate Feed Inset S1 et S S3et S S5 et S6 2 1 S7 6 6 S8 OPTIMIZED 11 3 S S S11 et S S13 et S U Through Fig 2, three improved designs of the proposed antenna are presented. The initial design have a simple patch and ground plane as shown in figure below. In the antenna (2) a rectangular slots are added in the front side. Finally, including slots in the back side and optimization antenna (3). (a) Antenna 1 (b) (a) Antenna 2 (b) (a) Antenna 3 (b) Figure 3. Configuration of the proposed antenna. (a) top Layer,(b) bottom All rights Reserved 27

4 It is clearly observed from figure 4 that the optimized design found in antenna (3) with reflection coefficient db at frequency 2.45 and db at frequency 5.8. Figure 4. Return loss graph of the antennas The obtained gain at 2.45 & 5.8 are 3.37dB & 7.55dB respectivly as shown in figure 5. (a) Figure 5. Antenna gain at 2.45 (a) and 5.8 The obtained directivity at 2.45 & 5.8 are 3.79dB & 7.61dB respectivly as shown in figure 6. All rights Reserved 28

5 The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is equal to and (<-2) at 2.45 & 5.8 respectively as shown in figure 7. Figure 7. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) at 2.45 and 5.8 In addition, comparison of performances, such as reflection coefficient, gain, and dimensions, of the proposed antenna with [19] are illustrated in Table II. Comparison results show that the proposed antenna exhibits return loss better at 5.8 band. Moreover, Table III also shows that our antenna has not only a superior gain than the other antenna but also lower dimensions relative to the other one. Table II. Comparison between the proposed antenna and [19] Antennas Dimensions (mm 3 ) Return loss (db) Gain (db) 5.8 [19] 65*52* Proposed antenna 60*50* All rights Reserved 29

6 IV. CONCLUSION In this paper, a dual-band 2.45/5.8 rectangular microstrip patch antenna has been presented for RFID reader applications. By using slots, the fabricated antenna achieves desired high performances at both bands. This design gives as a return loss (<-10) reached at db and db, a high gain of the order of 3.37 db and 7.55 db and a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR< 2) equal to and at 2.45 and 5.8 respectively. REFERENCES [1] M.D. Shamim Shahriar Hossain and N. Karmakar, An Overview on RFID Frequency Regulations and Antennas, 4th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp , December [2] H. Stockman, Communication by Means of Reflected Power, Proceedings of the IRE, pp , October [3] A. T. Mobashsher, N. Misra,M. T. Islam "Design Analysis of Compact Dual-Band Microstrip RFID Reader Antenna". International Conference on Space Science and Communication October 2009,pp [4] K. R. Carver and J. W. Mink, "Microstrip Antenna Technology", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-29, pp. 2-24, Jan [5] Y. T. Lo, D. Solomon, and W. F. Richards,"Theory and Experiment on Microstrip Antennas", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-27, pp , Mar [6] B. Belentepe, "Modeling and Design of Electromagnetically Coupled Microstrip-Patch Antennas and Antenna Arrays", IEEE Antennas Propagat. Mag., vol. 37, no. 1, pp , Feb [7] O. Lafond, M. Himdi, and J. P. Daniel, "Aperture Coupled Microstrip Patch Antenna with thick Ground Plane in Millimetre Waves", Electron. Lett., vol. 35, no. 17, pp , [8] Mahesh M. Gadag, Dundesh S. Kamshetty and Suresh L. Yogi, "Design of Different Feeding Techniques of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for 2.4 RFID Applications Using IE3D", Proc. of the Intl. Conf. On Advances in Computer, Electronics and Electrical Engineering,pp [9] Indra Surjati, Yuli KN and Arky Astasari, "Microstrip Patch Antenna Fed by Inset Microstrip Line For Radio Frequency Identifcation (RFID)", 2010 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, April 12-16, 2010, Beijing, China, pp [10] Sanyog Rawat and Parul Pathak, "A Novel Inset Fed Patch Antenna Design for RFID at 2.4 ", Proceedings of International Conference on Microwave 08,pp [11] Gourav Singh Rajput, "Design and Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna using Metamaterial for better Efficiency", International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER), Volume 2, Issue 6, Nov. 2012,pp [12] IBM, "IBM WebSphere RFID Handbook: A SolutionGuide". [13] B. Erhan, C. Bulent, T. Ibrahim, H. Yenigun, M. Abbak and S. Drannikov, Microstrip Patch Antenna for RFID Applications, 1st Annual RFID Eurasia, Istanbul, pp. 1-3, 5-6 September [14] T. J. Huang and H. T. Hsu, "Compact Dual-band Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Separated Transmitting and Receiving Ports for RFID Reader Applications, " IEEE Proceedings of APMC 2012, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Dec. 4-7, [15] H. Hsu and T. Huang, "Aperture-Coupled Dual-band Circularly Polarized Antenna for RFID Reader Applications, " IEEE / [16] Z. Xu and X. Li, "Aperture coupling two-layered dual-band RFID reader antenna design, " in Proc. ICMMT, vol. 3, pp , Apr , [17] David M. Pozar "Microwave Engineering", John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Third Edition, [18] M. T. Ali, N. Ramli, M.K.M.Salleh and M.N.Md.Tan, "A Design of Reconfigurable Rectangular Microstrip Slot Patch Antennas", IEEE International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET), [19] B. Parida, A. Kumar and J. Sahay, "Design of Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Application", International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER), vol. 1, issue 06, Dec All rights Reserved 30