APPLICATION OF 3D LASER SCANNING IN MEASUREMENT OF TOPOGRAPHY OF SEERSUCKER FABRICS

Transcription

1 APPLICATION OF 3D LASER SCANNING IN MEASUREMENT OF TOPOGRAPHY OF SEERSUCKER FABRICS Łukasz Frącczak 1, Małgorzata Matusiak 2 1) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Machine Tools and Production Engineering, Lodz University of Technology lukasz.fracczak@p.lodz.pl 2) Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design Institute of Architectureof Textiles, Lodz University of Technology malgorzata.matusiak@p.lodz.pl

2 Introduction Seersucker fabrics create a unique 3D woven structure. A typical goffer structure is characterized by occurring with the convex strips in the warp direction. Sometimes such a structure is called 2D+ woven fabric. a) b) Examples of the seersucker fabrics made of two warps of different tension and one kind of weft yarn [a) b)

3 Introduction The 3D structure is usually received on loom by an application of two warps of different tension [1, 2]. The application of two warp sets influences both: an appearance of the fabric, properties of fabrics. Due to their specific structure, appearance and utility properties the seersucker fabrics are willingly applied in different textile products, especially in clothing, home and decorative textiles. [ [

4 Aim of work It is difficult to characterize in a quantitative way the structure of the seersucker fabrics. Until now, the seersucker effect has been assessed quantitatively by measuring the percentage shrinkage of the shrunk parts. Ghahraman et al. [3] proposed a qualitative assessment of seersucker effect through spectral density and angular power spectrum function algorithms. The aim of presented work was to check the possibility of application of the 3D laser scanning in measurement of topography of seersucker fabrics.

5 Material Investigated fabrics were manufactured on the basis of the same warp set: warp I basic and warp II puckering (goffering), both made of the 20 x 2 tex cotton yarn. For kinds of yarns were applied in the weft. They were: 20 x 2 tex cotton yarn, 15 x 2 tex CO50/PES50, 15.6 x 2 tex Dacron ThermoCool Fresh 156/94/2, 12 x 2tex PES 88 Drirelease/SeeCellActive 12.

6 Material Basic structural parameters of the investigated goffered woven fabrics Parameter Unit Value Sample I Sample II Sample III Sample IV Warp I - 20 x 2 tex CO 20 x 2 tex CO 20 x 2 tex CO 20 x 2 tex CO Warp II - 20 x 2 tex CO 20 x 2 tex CO 20 x 2 tex CO 20 x 2 tex CO Weft - 20 x 2 tex CO 15 x 2 tex CO50/PES x 2 PES 156/94/2 12 x 2 tex PES88/SeeCe ll Activ Weave warp I - plain plain plain plain Weave warp II - rep 2/2 rep 2/2 rep 2/2 rep 2/2 Warp density dm Weft density dm

7 Experimental The topography of the investigated seersucker fabrics was analysed using the 3D laser scanning. The test-bench consisted of the measuring arm CimCore Romer Infinity 2 with the Perceptron's Contour Probe laser head was applied in measurement [4]. Measuring arm CimCore Romer Infinity 2

8 Experimental The measuring set allows to scan the surface of the fabrics with an accuracy of 0.02 mm. The measuring arm was placed on a granite table on which further the fabric samples were placed too. The samples were placed on the table in such a way to provide their natural, smooth setting and to avoid their shifting falsifying the results. Before testing the measuring head has been calibrated at following measurement parameters: scanning frequency 30 Hz, number of measurement points in one scan 640 points (19200 pts/ sec), width of the scanning 70 mm (distance between points 0.1 mm), scanning speed ca. 10 mm/s (longitudinal distance of about 0.3 mm).

9 Experimental The surface of each sample was scanned four times: two times along the warp direction scanning from the left and from the right side and next two times along the weft scanning from the top to the bottom and opposite. In total, after scanning the point cloud counting about 250 to 300 thousand points was obtained for each fabric sample. Then each point cloud was converted in the Geomagic software as follows: Removing the most protruding points from the average value in the population of points (in an surrounding area of 1 mm radius). The limit value for the removing the protruding points was established at 0.05 mm.

10 Experimental From the point clouds a surface consisting of the triangles was created in such a way that each point in the cloud be a vertex (end point) of not less than one triangle and not more than three triangles. Then the protruding vertices of the triangles were removed by moving them "into" or "out" of the fabric. The relocation value did not exceed 0.05 mm. On the basis of these triangles a surface of the measured fabric has been determined.

11 Experimental Prepared scans of the fabric surface were cut in both directions: warp and weft. It allowed to obtain the fabric sections and to extract the lines representing the profile of the fabric in the place of cutting. Cutting of the fabric surface in the warp and weft direction

12 Experimental The series of parallel lines spaced each 1 mm were generated in such a way to cover at least a full pattern repeat defined along the warp and weft. The series of lines created in both warp and weft directions

13 Experimental On the basis of the measurement of the extracted lines the following parameters were assessed: average total height of the profile W z, difference between the maximal and minimal value of the W z parameter for particular lines, number of lines in fabric repeat, the share of the puckered strips in total area of the fabric.

14 Experimental For each line an evaluation length was divided equally into 5 sampling lengths and next, the total height of the profile W z was determined for each sampling length. The total height of the profile W z means the height between the deepest valley and the highest peak on the evaluation length [5]. The final result has been calculated as an arithmetic mean form 5 measurements. Exemplary division of the evaluation length into 5 sampling lengths

15 Wz mm Results 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0, No. of line The average values of the total height of the profile (W z ) for the lines created parallel to the warp of the fabric I

16 mm Results 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0, No. of line The average values of the total height of the profile (W z ) for the lines created parallel to the weft of the fabric I

17 Wz mm Results 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0, No. of line We can see that the lines created in warp direction can be divided into two groups: the lines along the flat strip, and lines along the puckered strip. The lines of higher values of the W z parameter represent the seersucker (puckered) strip whereas the lines of lower values of the W z parameter represent the basic (flat) strip.

18 Wz mm Wz mm Wz mm Wz mm Results 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 Sample I ,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 Sample II No. of line No. of line 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 Sample III No. of line 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 Sample IV No. of line The average values of the total height of the profile (W z ) for the lines created in warp direction

19 Results The lines were created each 1 mm. It means that one line corresponds to ca. 1 mm. Due to this fact on the basis of the lines extracted from fabric scans it is possible to assess the width of the puckered and flat strips. Width of flat strip Width of puckered strip

20 Results puckered strip flat strip Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Number of lines in the puckered and flat strips corresponding to approximated width of strips in mm

21 % Results Number of lines in warp direction corresponding to the flat and puckered strips can be a measure of share of the area of flat and puckered strips in total area of the seersucker fabric Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Share of the area of puckered strips in total area of the seersucker fabrics

22 mm Results Seersucker effect can be also characterized by the difference between the maximal and minimal value of the W z parameter obtained for particular lines. 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Difference between the maximal and minimal value of the W z parameter obtained for particular lines Frącczak Łukasz Ph.D. 2 nd International Conference- Science for Business: Innovations for textiles, polymers and leather, October 21st, Lodz 2016

23 Summing up Performed investigations confirmed that the 3D laser scanning for precise 3D measurements can be applied in analysis of topography of the seersucker fabrics. Applied method allowed to prepare the images of the seersucker fabrics, cross-sections of fabrics in any direction, extraction of cross-section edges and quantification of edge lines. Proposed parameters: average total height of the profile W z, difference between the maximal and minimal value of the W z parameter for particular lines, number of lines in fabric repeat and the share of the puckered strips in total area of the fabric can be the measures characterizing the topography of the seersucker fabrics and can be used for an assessment of their seersucker effect.

24 References 1. Maqsooda M., Nawaba Y., Javaida M.U., Shakera K.,Umaira M., Development of seersucker fabrics using single warp beam and modelling of their stretchrecovery behaviour, The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2014, pp , 2. Gandhi K., Woven Textiles Principles, Technologies and Applications, 1 st ed., Woodhead Publishing, New Delhi, 2012, pp , 3. Ghahraman F.G., Tavanai H., Hosseini S.A., A qualitative assessment of seersucker effect through spectral density and angular power spectrum function algorithms, The Journal of The Textile Institute, 101(3) 2010, pp , 4. Matusiak M., Frącczak Ł., Investigation of Waviness of 3D Woven Fabrics, chapter in: Innovations in Clothing Design, Materials, Technology and Measurement Methods, edited by Frydrych I., Bartkowiak G., Pawłowa M., Lodz University of Technology 2015, ISBN , pp , 5. Calvimontes A., Badrul Hasan M.M., Dutschk V., Effects of Topographic Structure on Wettability of Woven Fabrics, chapter in: Woven Fabric Engineering, edited by Dobnik Dubrovski P., ISBN , Publisher: Sciyo, 18, 2010, pp