Information Visualization & Computer-supported cooperative work

Transcription

1 Information Visualization & Computer-supported cooperative work

2 Objectives By the end of class, you will be able to Define InfoVis and CSCW Explain basic principles of good visualization design and ways in which visualization can be misleading Explain some key issues that arise when designing for groups of users

3 It looks like a swirl. There are smaller swirls at the edges. It has different shades of red at the outside, and is mostly green at the inside. The smaller swirls have purple highlights. The green has also different shades. Each small swirl is composed of even smaller ones. The swirls go clockwise. Inside the object, there are also red highlights. Those have different shades of red also. The green shades vary in a fan, while the purple ones are more uni-color. The green shades get darker towards the outside of the fan...

4 Terrain geometry: Terrain Texture: (10,20,21), (12,13,14), (13,32,12),..., (1,2,3), (2,4,5),(3,5,6),... (23,34,54), (23,34,23), (45,26,78),... Time 0: Volumetric cloud cover: 0, 0, 12, 14, 15, 15, 17, 12, 23, 45,... Wind vectors: (0.2, 0.3, 0.93,5), (0.4,0.5,0.76,12),..., Time 1: Volumetric cloud cover: 0, 0, 11, 12, 13, 16, 20, 12, 32, 45,... Wind vectors: (0.4,0.5,0.76,12),(0.5,0.5,0.7,6),...

5 Visualization is Use of computer supported, interactive, graphic representations of data to support human activities

6 Scientific Visualization (SciVis): Spatial layout is given by the data (e.g. MRI & CT images, fluid flow) Information Visualization (InfoVis): Spatial layout is chosen by the designer (e.g. cancer rate statistics, social networks)

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10 Advantages of Visualization Reduces load on working memory View a lot of data in one place See both large & small scale Identify patterns Identify errors in data Interact with data to explore ideas Communication & education

11 How could visualization be misleading? Visual Illusions Graphic exaggeration (the Lie Factor) Quoting data out of context

12 Visual Illusions

13 Size of effect shown in Graphic The Lie Factor = Size of effect in Data

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19 Guidelines for Visualization Show data in context Avoid clutter (chart junk) Avoid distorting data Show both an overview and fine details Encourage visual comparison Use clear / precise labels Use symbols that do not need to be learned, when possible

20 Interactive Visualization Overview first, zoom & filter, details on demand (Shneiderman s visualization mantra) Highlighting Linked views

21 Example: Gapminder (

22 Example: TreeJuxtaposer

23 Interactive visualization Guidelines Allow interactive manipulation to Select items of interest Highlight, show exact values Select what data to show & how Link multiple views through highlighting Animate transitions so the user does not get lost

24 What is CSCW? Groupware: technology that people use to work together systems that support groups of people engaged in a common task (or goal) and that provide an interface to a shared environment. CSCW studies the design & use of groupware CSCW is the study of the tools and techniques of groupware as well as their psychological, social, and organizational effects. Acknowledgement: Thanks to James Landay and Saul Greenberg for some cscw slides & images

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27 Groupware Taxonomy Same Place Different Place Same Time Games Classrooms Meetings Chat rooms IM Video conf. Different Time Physical messages Scheduling Writing

28 Challenges: Awareness Are users aware of each others actions? Bigger problem in distributed work but still a problem in face-to-face Suggestions to improve awareness?

29 Challenges: Communication If people can t see each other, they can t use non-verbal communication cues Need alternate ways to communicate Floor control some systems are set up so only one person controls the computer at a time

30 Challenges: Concurrency Multiple users could modify the same document at the same time (or at different times) Need a mechanism to merge changes and reconcile differences

31 Challenges: Latency Distributed systems may be out of sync with each other

32 Challenges: Privacy Users may wish to share their display but keep some information private What might you want to keep private? How could you do this?

33 Berry et al. Role-Based Control of Shared Application Views

34 Berry et al. Role-Based Control of Shared Application Views

35 Challenges: Evaluation Evaluating groupware has all the challenges of evaluating single-user systems, plus: Multiple participants at a time System affects interactions between participants, ways in which they work together These effects are hard to measure

36 Key Points Visualization can valuable for data analysis and communication. BUT, design visualization techniques carefully & avoid misleading the user. Groupware can help people work together. Designing for groups introduces many challenges not present for single users.