RGB COLORS. Connecting with Computer Science cs.ubc.ca/~hoos/cpsc101

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1 RGB COLORS

2 Clicker Question How many numbers are commonly used to specify the colour of a pixel? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 or more 2

3 Yellow = R + G? Combining red and green makes yellow Taught in elementary school that red and yellow are primary colors There is a difference between colored light and colored paint

4 RGB Colour Representation Colours can be specified as RGB (red-bluegreen) intensities. Computer applications use 256 intensities 256 possibilities can conveniently be stored in 8 bits, i.e., one byte, of computer storage, using binary notation. 4

5 Black and White Colors Black is the absence of light: RGB bit assignment for black White is the full intensity of each color: RGB bit assignment for white

6 Clicker Question Suppose red s intensity is 255 (full intensity). What happens if both the blue and green intensities increase at the same rate, starting from 0? A. The colour remains red but gets lighter B. The colour remains red but gets darker C. The colour changes from red to an aqua shade D. None of the above 6

7 Clicker Exercise Which colour best describes the one represented by the hexadecimal colour code: #00B103? A. A shade of red B. A shade of blue C. A shade of green D. A shade of purple 7

8 Selected RQs: I've heard that the Sharp Aquos televisions use four colors- the standard RGB as well as yellow. Does this actually help to create more accurate colors, or is this just another marketing gimmick? Why are there 256 different intensities for a given colour if the human visual system cannot usually distinguish between more than 200 different intensities of colour? 8

9 Selected RQs: In [photo processing] programs, there are often options to "boost" or "tint" the colours of the picture - how does the computer code this? 9

10 Learning Goals [revisited] you should be able to convert between Binary, Hex, and Decimals define the RGB colour specification, explain its basis Gaining knowledge on this learning goal will be useful to me beyond this course. A. Strongly agree B. Agree C. Neutral S. Disagree E. Strongly disagree 10

11 Learning Goals [revisited] you should be able to convert between Binary, Hex, and Decimals define the RGB colour specification, explain its basis What I learned in the course allowed me to reach this learning goal. A. Strongly agree B. Agree C. Neutral S. Disagree E. Strongly disagree 11

12 Image representation Key ideas: 1. represent images as grids of coloured points (2- dimensional arrays!) 2. represent colours using numbers 3. reduce storage by exploiting regularities in the image (areas of uniform colour, regular textures and patterns, ) 12

13 Bitmap Image Representation (a) (b) pixel (d) (c) 13

14 Bitmap Image Representation to fully specify an image using bitmap representation you need: width and height of the image number of rows and columns of the grid the pixels, i.e. colour intensity values of each grid cell 14

15 Exercise (in groups) How could you compress a bitmap image representation, i.e., reduce the number of bits required to store it? Hint: Think of the following images as examples: - A completely black image. - A night sky (mostly black). - An empty chess board (regular pattern of two colours) 15

16 Compressing Bitmap Images two techniques used by.jpg files "runs" of identical intensities can be collapsed areas with similar colour can be modified to have the same colour 16

17 Compressing Bitmap Images collapsing runs: example G = (9,33,25) Y = (221,192,127) Cells are ordered from top left to bottom right: [1,1],[1,2],,[1,6],[2,1],,[2,6] Ordered list of four maximum-length runs: (9,33,25) 1 (221,192,127) 3 (9,33,25) 4 (221,192,127) 4 Can the matrix be reconstructed from the list of runs alone? (A yes, B no) 17

18 Selected RQs: The second approach of compressing images is that "Areas with similar colour can be modified to have the same colour. This has the effect of increasing the lengths of runs with identical intensities, making the first approach more effective. But will this approach affect the quality of the compressed images since it considers areas with similar colour as ones with the same colour? 18

19 Compressing Bitmap Images collapsing runs: example G = (1) Y = (2) Instead of Ordered list of four maximum-length runs: (9,33,25) 1 (221,192,127) 3 (9,33,25) 4 (221,192,127) 4 (1) 1 (2) 3 (1) 4 (2) 4 19

20 Bitmap Image Representation zoom view of jpg file; grid of pixels apparent 20

21 Selected RQs: The third approach of compressing images is that Rather than specifying a colour directly using its RGB intensities, a table of intensities used in the image is created and the table indices are used instead. How does this help reduce the size?

22 JPEG Compression JPEG is capable of a 10:1 compression without detectable loss of clarity simply by keeping the regions small

23 Vector Image Representation basic approach describe each object of the image either as a sequence of dots (connected by lines), or a simple shape (e.g., rectangle, circle) describe the colour (fill) of each closed object 23

24 Vector Image Representation example 24

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